Reliability analysis of long span steel arch bridges against wind-induced stability failure

An efficient method for reliability assessment of long span steel arch bridges against wind-induced stability failure is presented in this paper. The prediction of wind-induced stability of such bridge structures is performed by an eigenvalue method and the reliability estimates are determined by a generalized first-order reliability algorithm. A software strategy for interfacing the present method with ANSYS is developed via a freely available MATLAB software tool (FERUM). A numerical example involving a detailed computational model of a long span steel arch bridge with a main span of 550 m is presented to demonstrate the applicability and merits of the present method and the software strategy. Finally, the most influential random variables on the reliability of long span steel bridges against wind-induced stability failure are identified by a sensitivity analysis.     

大跨度中承式拱桥节段模型风洞试验

风致振动是大跨度中承式拱桥设计的主要控制因素之一,本文介绍了重庆菜园坝长江大桥风洞主桥节段模型静力三分力试验以及节段模型动态试验的主要内容及相应的结果,介绍了由于双拱干扰下的主拱静力三分力试验和涡振试验及其结论．试验表明,桥梁主桥具有良好的气动稳定性,主拱在风载下受力极为复杂。由于前榀拱尾流的影响,后拱阻力系数起伏较大。当两榀拱相距较近时,后拱的阻力系数为负数,随着间距的增大逐渐增大。试验结果将为大桥的抖振、涡振以及颤振分析提供依据。     

Study on the mechanical performance of Butterfly Arch Bridge

This paper presents issues in the design concept, analysis and test results of a single span special‐shaped arch bridge—the Butterfly Arch Bridge located in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China. The bridge is composed of ribs of tow slope steel arch, steel box girder of bridge deck curves and inclined boom. It is a special‐shape bridge of spatial girder and arch combination. This paper discusses the experimental study and the finite element simulation analysis for the main components of the bridge. Emphasis will be put on the following three aspects: First, model design adopts the similarity principle of the stress and stiffness. The stress similarity was considered first when the two principles are in conflict. Second, the finite element model of the bridge should adopt a composite element according to the different structural members of the bridge. Third, the weight of the two arch ribs and all dead loads of the main girder, in addition to part of the live loads, must be in a balanced condition. Furthermore, based on results from tests and simulation analysis, the following four key issues were studied: (a) theory of the bridge calculation; (b) behaviour of the bridge spatial mechanics; (c) the dynamic behaviour of the bridge; and (d) stiffness relation between the two arch ribs, steel box beam and end cross beam. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on steel box girder bridges partly stiffened by CFT arch ribs

A new type of arch girder bridge, steel box girders partly stiffened by arch ribs, is proposed and the structural characteristic is studied. Arch ribs are concrete filled steel tubes (CFT) which have high resistance against compression and bending. A parametric study is carried out for the arch girder bridge with different ratios of arch span length to arch rise. Bending moment and tensile forces of the girder are largest with the shortest arch span and decrease as the arch span becomes longer. On the other hand bending moments of the girder do not significantly depend on the arch rise. Bending moments and compressive forces of the arch rib have the same tendency as the girder. Safety of the structural members is verified by the limit state design method considering non-linear stress versus strain relations of steel and concrete. Large deformation elastic–plastic analysis is conducted for the basic case of the proposed bridge to clarify the global buckling strength. Three inclined angles of the arch rib plane are assumed as initial imperfections. The larger initial imperfection decreases the lateral torsional buckling strength. Estimated construction cost of the arch girder bridge with steel pipes without concrete filling is 9% higher than that of the basic CFT arch girder case. The pure CFT arch bridge is the most economical and 23% lower than the basic case. However, as the arch rise of this pure arch bridge is higher, its esthetics may be inferior and it also restricts the available aerial space. This study shows that the proposed bridge has sufficient resistance against bending, compression, global buckling and is considered feasible.     

基于逆可靠度法的钢管混凝土拱肋稳定性分析

针对钢管混凝土拱肋稳定性评估指标单一的问题,提出了一种基于逆可靠度分析的拱肋稳定安全系数评估方法。该方法通过一次逆可靠度算法将稳定安全系数和可靠指标联系起来,求得的稳定安全系数满足预先给定的目标可靠指标,同时考虑结构中存在的不确定性因素,从而建立起具有目标可靠指标和稳定安全系数的拱肋稳定性评估方法。运用所提方法对一工程实例进行计算,并进行参数分析。计算结果表明,随着目标可靠指标的逐渐增加,拱肋稳定安全系数呈递减趋势;折减系数对拱肋稳定安全系数的影响显著,钢材强度对拱肋稳定安全系数的影响相对较小。     

#br# 我国钢管混凝土拱桥应用现状与展望

共收集到截止2015年1月的已建和在建的钢管混凝土拱桥413座（跨径不小于50m）。统计分析表明,钢管混凝土拱桥在我国修建的数量不断增多、跨径不断增大。从行业分布来看,在公路、城市桥梁中的应用仍是主体,在铁路尤其是高速铁路中的应用不断增多。在结构体系方面,上承式、中承式、拱梁组合式、飞鸟式和下承式刚架系杆拱5大类,仍为主要应用的桥型,占总数的85%。在截面形式方面,以圆钢管混凝土为基本单元组成的单圆管、哑铃形和桁式是应用的主流。提篮拱被应用于各种桥型,尤其是大跨度铁路桥。无风撑拱主要应用于120m跨径以下的桥梁,且以斜靠拱和拱梁组合桥为主,截面多采用横向刚度较大的形式。拱肋的材料强度不断地提高,钢管以Q345钢为主,混凝土以C40、C50为主。虽然对桥面系强健性的重视在不断提高,然而强健性好的整体式和具有加劲纵梁的悬吊桥面系的应用还不够普及。钢管拱的架设方法仍以支架法、悬臂法和转体法3种为主,其中悬臂拼装法应用最多,适用跨径最大范围也最广。     

海口世纪大桥施工双悬臂阶段风致抖振反应的控制

海口世纪大桥是一座在建的主跨３４０ｍ的双塔双斜索面预应力混凝土斜拉桥。由于海口市是我国 主要的强风区，在施工设计风速下世纪桥施工阶段存在不安全的因素。为保证大桥的抗风安全，受建设单位委 托，设计单位完成了世纪桥施工双悬臂结构风致抖振反应控制的研究和设计，并经评审通过，建设单位决定采 用。本文在对世纪桥施工双悬臂结构抗风安全性进行评定的基础上，介绍了所完成的世纪桥施工双悬臂结构风 致抖振反应控制方案的原理和设计方法。并通过对设计方案控制效果的理论分析和风洞试验，验证了世纪桥施 工阶段风振控制设计的可行性和可靠性。     

Research on reasonable value of target reliability index for steel main girder of cable-stayed bridge considering durability

Abstract

This article studies the relationship between the target reliability index and the design life of the main girder of a long-span cable-stayed bridge to provide a theoretical basis for the design of steel girders for such an application. The changes of the bending section modulus under atmospheric corrosion and the residual ultimate stress of the section of a steel box girder under alternating loads are discussed. A resistance attenuation function for a steel girder of a cable-stayed bridge to predict the resistance change of a steel box girder over the service period is proposed, and the change characteristics of the time-varying reliability index of a steel box girder of a cable-stayed bridge are studied. By analysing the relationship between the time-varying reliability index and the evaluating benchmark value of the reliability index, the time point of maintenance and reinforcement is predicted. Based on the change over time of the difference between the time-varying reliability index and the evaluating benchmark value of the reliability index, the relation function between the target reliability index and the service lifetime of a bridge considering resistance attenuation are provided.     

三跨连续梁拱组合体系桥梁稳定性分析

该文采用空间有限元程序,分析预应力混凝土连续梁拱组合体系桥拱肋的横向弹性稳定性。特别分析了风撑布置形式、风撑侧向刚度、吊杆非保向力的作用以及系梁、拱肋、横梁等刚度对稳定性的影响程度。分析结果可用以指导设计并确保施工安全。     

大跨钢箱拱桥索塔扣塔一体化施工仿真分析

对索、扣塔一体化施工体系的结构特点进行了综述,以主跨450 m的钢箱系杆拱桥为工程背景,对其施工过程进行了仿真分析,索、扣塔结构受力与稳定性分析表明,索、扣塔一体化施工技术能满足本桥钢箱拱肋的斜拉扣挂施工和安全性要求。     

大跨度钢拱桥的仿真与模态分析

根据大跨度钢箱拱桥的特点,介绍了用大型有限元软件ANSYS进行大跨度桁架拱桥全桥运营状态及施工态模态分析的基本方法,分析了钢箱拱桥在预应力及重力作用下,大变形对结构模态的影响.同时,也对鱼骨式模型与实桥模型的模态进行了比较,所得结果可供大跨度钢拱桥的抗震抗风设计应用.     

非对称外倾式钢箱拱桥结构与施工

介绍了世界上首座大跨径曲线梁非对称外倾拱桥——南宁大桥的结构特点,阐述了“先拱后梁、以拱承梁,钢肋拱通过斜拉扣挂悬臂拼装”的施工方案。实践证明,此施工方法是成功、可行的,在此指导下,为增加拱肋纵横向稳定性而设置的临时系杆、临时吊杆、临时横梁以及缆风索对整个外倾式结构的安装安全和保证质量起到关键性的作用,为今后同类型的桥梁提供良好的借鉴经验。     

重庆菜园坝长江大桥稳定分析

重庆菜园坝长江大桥是一座钢箱系杆拱桥。以重庆菜园坝长江大桥为工程对象,根据设计资料,采用多种单元类型(包括梁单元、杆单元和壳单元等),建立了该桥完整的三维空间有限元模型,进行了菜园坝长江大桥恒载作用下成桥阶段的稳定分析,根据本桥的特点,对影响该桥稳定性的参数进行分析,给出各参数对大跨度拱桥稳定性的影响趋势,并针对主跨,计算出了非保向力对大跨度拱桥侧倾的影响;对以后同类桥型的工程设计有指导意义。     

不同拱肋形式对无风撑钢管混凝土拱桥的抗震特性影响

无风撑钢管混凝土拱桥有钢管混凝土拱桥具有跨度大、强度高、塑性好、重量轻、便于施工、造型新颖美观等优点,而且在行车时视野开阔,在未来有很好的应用前景.文中以某五连跨无风撑钢管混凝土拱桥为例,针对无风撑钢管混凝土拱桥特点,采用不同拱肋结构布置形式,对其抗震性能进行了对比分析,得出此类拱桥拱肋合理布置形式.     

异型拱桥顶系梁安装吊杆的施工分析与监测

针对全钢异型拱桥的受力特点,提出一种简单适用的顶系梁安装吊杆的施工方法。通过对1座机耕桥工程实例的计算分析及现场监测比较发现,该方法可以简单快捷地使吊杆获得合理的初张力,并使主梁线形满足设计要求。成桥后,顶升点附近的吊杆索力远大于其他吊杆索力,并承担了全桥主要恒载及活载。     

南宁大桥曲线钢箱梁吊装关键施工技术

针对南宁大桥主桥大跨径曲线梁非对称外倾式钢拱桥结构设计新颖独特、施工难度大、技术及工艺要求高等特点,详细介绍了曲线钢箱梁节段空中精确对位、空中稳定、线形控制与调整等关键施工技术和工艺,为类似工程施工提供了借鉴。     

结合工程实例的扣塔脉动风荷载模拟及风振响应分析

四川合江一桥的拱肋吊装采用扣塔斜拉扣挂施工,扣塔高144.91m,风荷载是结构的重要控制荷载。采用谐波叠加法模拟作用于扣塔上的脉动风速、脉动风压、脉动风荷载时程曲线。把扣塔简化为二维串联多自由度动力学模型。采用ANSYS瞬态动力学分析模块,计算扣塔风振响应,为风振控制提供依据。     

江苏灌河大桥设计

灌河大桥是连云港至盐城高速公路上的一座特大桥梁，大桥位于盐城境内，跨越灌河。主桥为双索面半漂浮五跨连续钢与混凝土组合梁斜拉桥，主跨340m，主梁采用双边肋，索塔为H形，采用平行钢绞线拉索，拉索在主梁和塔上的锚固分别采用锚拉板和钢锚梁。本桥为国内目前最宽的组合梁斜拉桥。     

钢管拱肋缆索吊装施工技术

根据兰州雁盐黄河大桥的施工实践,简要介绍采用大跨径缆索吊机吊装三跨钢管拱肋和拱肋分段斜拉扣挂的施工技术。     

Effect of secondary elements on bridge structural system reliability considering moment capacity

Secondary elements such as barriers, sidewalks, and diaphragms may increase the load carrying capacity of girder bridges. This in turn affects reliability. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential benefit of secondary elements on the system reliability of girder bridges, if these elements are designed with the structural system to participate resisting vehicular live loads. Simple span, two lane structures are considered, with composite steel girders supporting a reinforced concrete deck. For structural analysis, a finite element procedure is developed that combines a grillage model of the bridge deck with solid elements for edge-stiffening effects. Random variables considered are composite girder, barrier, and sidewalk flexural strengths (each in turn composed of many random variables), load magnitude (dead load and truck traffic live load), and live load position. System resistance parameters are estimated with a point integration method. System resistance is evaluated in terms of maximum load carried at ultimate capacity. It was found that the interaction of typical secondary element combinations has a varying effect on system reliability, depending on element stiffness, bridge span, and girder spacing.