扁梁楼盖中组合节点的试验研究

进行组合扁梁楼盖中梁柱钢节点及组合节点的足尺试验。试件由钢管混凝土组合柱及轴对称钢梁与组合柱通过剪切钢板连接的组合楼盖组成。进行部分包裹混凝土组合梁的试验,确定扁梁楼盖锚钉的布置点。试验结果表明:组合节点和钢节点均为半钢性节点,且各自单独锚固;楼盖对提高节点抗弯承载力起重要作用。     

Composite connections in slim-floor system: An experimental study

This paper reports the results of full-scale tests in beam-to-column connections for composite slim floor systems, including tests on Bare Steel connection and composite connection. The tested system consists of a concrete-filled composite column and a composite floor where an asymmetric steel beam is connected to a composite column by shear steel plates. Tests results previously obtained on partially encased composite beams were used to define the position of the headed studs in the slim floor system. Based on the obtained results of connections, the composite and Bare Steel connection behaved as semi-rigid and nominally pinned respectively. The tests results also indicated a significant contribution of the slim floor to the moment capacity of the connection.     

Capacities of headed stud shear connectors in composite steel beams with precast hollowcore slabs

In steel-concrete composite beams, the longitudinal shear force is transferred across the steel flange/concrete slab interface by the mechanical action of the shear connectors. The ability of the shear connectors to transfer these longitudinal shear forces depends on their strength, and also on the resistance of the concrete slab against longitudinal cracking induced by the high concentration of shear force. Most of the research in composite construction has concentrated on the more traditional reinforced concrete and metal deck construction, and little information is given on shear capacity of the headed studs in precast hollowcore slabs. In this paper, a standard push test procedure for use with composite beams with precast hollowcore slabs is proposed. Seven exploratory push tests were carried out on headed studs in solid RC slabs to validate the testing procedures, and the results showed that the new test is compatible with the results specified in the codes of practice for solid RC slabs. Once a standard procedure is established, 72 full-scale push tests on headed studs in hollowcore slabs were performed to determine the capacities of the headed stud connectors in precast hollowcore slabs and the results of the experimental study are analysed and findings on the effect of all the parameters on connectors’ strength and ductility are presented. Newly proposed design equations for calculating the shear connectors’ capacity for this form of composite construction are also be given.     

对组合钢梁-预制空心板中栓钉连接件的性能分析

在钢-混凝土组合梁中,剪切连接件的机械作用使得纵向剪力转移到钢翼缘/混凝土板的接合处。这种转移能力取决于剪切连接件的强度和混凝土板抵抗由剪力高度集中所导致的纵向开裂的能力。大多数对组合结构的分析都集中在传统的钢筋混凝土和金属面板结构,而对预制空心板中栓钉的剪切能力研究很少。本文对带栓钉的预制空心板组合梁结构提出标准的推力试验方法。一共进行7组测试性试验,试验结果显示新方法符合钢筋混凝土楼板规范要求。在确定这个新的标准方法后,对栓钉进行了72个足尺推力试验,确定了该类型连接件的性能,通过分析试验结果,还指出了各类参数对连接件强度和延性的作用。本文还提出了这种剪力连接件的设计公式。     

部分外包混凝土简支组合梁受弯性能试验研究

为了研究部分外包混凝土组合梁在正弯矩作用下的受力性能,考察钢梁腹部钢筋混凝土对组合梁承载力及刚度的影响,对4根简支梁试件进行了试验研究,其中包括1根普通钢-混凝土组合梁试件和3根钢梁腹板与腹部混凝土界面采用不同连接方式的部分外包组合梁试件。试验结果表明：钢梁腹板与腹部混凝土界面采用不同连接方式对部分外包组合梁的受弯承载力和刚度没有显著的影响;与普通钢－混凝土组合梁相比,由于钢梁腹部钢筋混凝土的贡献,部分外包组合梁的受弯承载力和抵抗变形的能力均有较大的提高;承载力极限状态时部分外包组合梁中钢梁与腹部混凝土之间的相对滑移值较小,其滑移效应对组合梁截面受弯承载力的影响可以忽略不计。在试验研究的基础上,推导了部分外包组合梁塑性受弯承载力的计算公式,计算结果表明,简化塑性理论可以较准确地预测该类组合梁的受弯承载力。     

Simplified elasto-plastic analysis of composite beams and cellular beams to Eurocode 4

The elasto-plastic analysis of composite beams is important when considering the increase in bending resistance of the beam and the end slip between the steel and concrete at higher strains. This paper provides a simplified method of elasto-plastic analysis by considering equilibrium of the composite cross-section as a function of its strain profile. A parabolic-rectangular stress block for concrete is used in this model with a declining concrete strength at strains exceeding 0.0035. The bending resistance of the composite beam is expressed as a function of the bottom flange strain, and is compared to fully plastic design to EN 1994-1-1: Eurocode 4 and the AISC LRFD Code.The effect of various parameters on the development of the plastic bending resistance of composite beams is investigated, such as asymmetry of the section, the steel strength, the influence of propped or un-propped construction, strain hardening in the steel and reducing concrete strength at high strains, interface slip, and the effect of openings in the web of the beams. It was found that a moment of 95% of the plastic bending resistance of a composite beam (0.95M_p?) is reached at a flange strain of 2 to 4 × yield strain for propped beams and 5 to 10 × yield strain for un-propped beams. When strain hardening in the steel is included in the analysis, bottom flange strains at a moment of 0.95M_p? are reduced by up to 30% relative to the case without strain hardening.     

Behaviour of a Moment Resisting Composite Steel and Concrete Joint Under Alternate Loading

The authors show the results of a study conducted on a joint connecting a concrete column to a composite steel concrete floor, subjected to tension on the beams as a result of the decomposition of sagging bending moment. The beam to column connection is achieved by means of headed studs welded to the beam and embedded in the concrete cast. Five different configurations have been tested at failure and the results are compared to formulae proposed in literature. Different degrees of ductility, reliability and strength have been obtained varying geometry and reinforcement ratio on the joints tested.     

H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件纵向受剪性能试验研究

通过13个在单调荷载作用下H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件的推出试验,对其破坏形态、荷载-滑移特性和纵向剪力传递性能进行了研究,分析了栓钉数量、栓钉直径、栓钉布置方式、型钢翼缘宽度、腹部混凝土箍筋布置方式及加载方式等对受剪承载力的影响。试验结果表明：H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件的主要破坏形态为外包混凝土劈裂破坏和栓钉剪断破坏;典型的荷载-滑移曲线可分为3个特征阶段,分别为无滑移阶段、荷载上升段及荷载下降段;腹部栓钉有效地提高了部分外包混凝土组合构件的纵向受剪承载力,且受剪承载力随栓钉直径的增大和栓钉数量的增加而增大;腹部栓钉纵向布置优于横向布置,栓钉纵向偏心布置对受剪承载力影响较小;宽翼缘型钢能更好地约束腹部混凝土,提高其受剪承载力;腹部箍筋不同布置方式对极限荷载的影响较小;通过分析构件的受力机理和纵向剪力传递模式,提出了H型钢腹板焊接栓钉的部分外包混凝土组合构件纵向受剪承载力算式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

预制装配部分外包混凝土组合梁受弯承载力试验研究

为降低大跨、重荷建筑的建设工程造价,提出一种预制装配部分外包混凝土组合梁(PPECB).设计了7根受弯组合梁试件进行静力试验以研究其受弯性能,考虑浇筑方式、工字钢翼缘厚度、混凝土强度等级、配箍形式对其承载力的影响,研究破坏模式、应变发展和受弯承载力,明确预制装配部分外包混凝土组合梁的破坏机制.结果表明:7根组合梁表现出...     

Headed steel stud anchors in composite structures, Part I: Shear

The formula in the 2005 American Institute of Steel Construction Specification to compute the strength of headed steel stud anchors (shear connectors) in composite steel/concrete structures has been used in the United States since 1993, after being proposed based primarily on the results of push-out tests. In the past several decades, the range of members used in composite structures has increased significantly, as has the number of tests in the literature on the monotonic and cyclic behavior of headed studs in composite construction. This paper reviews 391 monotonic and cyclic tests from the literature on experiments of headed stud anchors and proposes formulas for the limit states of steel failure and concrete failure of headed stud anchors subjected to shear force without the use of a metal deck. Detailing provisions to prevent premature pryout failure are also discussed. This paper also reviews proposals from several authors and provides recommended shear strength values for the seismic behavior of headed studs. The limit state formulas are proposed within the context of the 2005 AISC Specification, and comparisons are made to the provisions in the ACI 318-08 Building Code, the PCI Handbook, 6th Edition, and Eurocode 4. The scope of this research includes composite beam-columns [typically concrete-encased steel shapes (SRCs) or concrete-filled steel tubes (CFTs)], concrete-encased and concrete-filled beams, boundary elements of composite wall systems, composite connections, composite column base conditions, and related forms of composite construction.     

钢-混凝土组合连续梁混凝土翼板纵向开裂问题的研究

实验表明在竖向集中荷载作用下 ,布置单排栓钉的钢 混凝土组合梁的混凝土翼板常常出现纵向开裂。从而导致混凝土翼板与钢梁的连接作用大大降低 ,致使构件达不到设计承载力而破坏。作者从理论上分析了混凝土翼板纵向开裂的原因 ,推导了纵向开裂弯矩的计算公式 ,提出了避免出现纵向开裂措施。     

Flexural behavior of strengthened steel–concrete composite beams by various plating methods

The effect of pre-intermediate separation on the flexural behavior of strengthened steel–concrete composite beams by either adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheet or welded/bonded steel plate was studied. In the case of strengthened by CFRP sheet, two different attachment patterns, namely, CFRP sheet wrapped around the flange of the I-beam and CFRP sheet wrapped around the flange along with a part of the web, were examined by testing four different strengthened steel–concrete composite beams under four point bending (4PB). Two of these beams were strengthened by fully bonded CFRP sheet with the two different patterns, while, the others are similar but have pre-intermediate debonding area of 50 mm length × flange width at the bottom surface of the lower flange. In the case of strengthened by steel plate, three different attachment patterns of steel plate to the soffit of the beams, namely, discontinuously welded, end welded, and bonded/welded steel plates, were also tested under 4PB.The experimental results showed that, there is no growth of the intermediate debonding before the yield of the lower flange occurred for all strengthened beams by CFRP sheet. After yielding, the beams with pre-debonding area showed lower flexural capacity than those with fully bonding due to the rapid growth of the intermediate debonding. On the other hand, there is a difference in the yield load between the three different patterns of the welded steel plates with a marginal difference in the elastic stiffness.     

外包钢-混凝土组合简支梁试验研究

外包钢-混凝土组合梁是在由冷弯薄壁型钢与厚钢板焊接成的U型钢梁内浇注混凝土构件,并用必要的构造措施使型钢和混凝土共同工作。为研究这种新型组合梁的受力性能,完成了10根外包钢-混凝土组合简支梁受弯试验。试验结果证明这种组合梁具有较优越的力学性能,但在受力过程中存在两个受力薄弱面,薄弱面的破坏会导致新型组合梁发生纵向水平剪切破坏和纵向滑移破坏,需在设计中避免。     

Bending behavior of concrete-encased composite I-girder with corrugated steel web

A partially encased composite I-girder with flat or corrugated web has been proposed to improve the structural performance of continuous composite girder under hogging moment. The flexural behavior of such structure under two points symmetric loading has been experimentally and analytically investigated. Static flexural loading tests showed that the partially encased girder improved bending strength in comparison to steel I-girder, as local bucking of steel flange was restricted by encased concrete. Especially for the corrugated web girder, the ultimate bending strength was improved about 20%, and the ductility also increased about 3 times. In addition, the limitation of width-to-thickness ratios for steel and concrete-encased composite I-girders with corrugated web were suggested to prevent premature failure due to local buckling of compressive flange. Moreover, the analytical methods of flexural strength under service and ultimate state for partially encased composite girder were proposed and verified with experimental results. It was found that the analytical bending strengths agreed well with the experimental ones at both service and ultimate state, which means the proposed analytical equations can be applied in predicting flexural strength accurately for such encased composite girder with flat or corrugated web.     

Composite beam composed of steel and precast concrete (Modularized Hybrid System,MHS). Part I: experimental investigation

An experimental investigation of composite beams composed of wide flange steel and precast concrete is presented. The bottom flange of the steel section is encased in precast concrete. Utilizing the merits of both steel and concrete material, the size of the steel beams can be reduced without sacrificing performance. The bottom flange of the steel beam is reinforced with concrete at a manufacturing plant, eliminating the use of temporary pour forms. The composite beams were tested to investigate how the size of the wide flange steel and how the top and bottom reinforcements influence the behaviour of the beams. Flexural load carrying capacity, load displacement relationships and failure modes were examined. The test specimens were T‐shaped composite beams with slabs, each measuring 10‐m long. The flexural moment strength of all of the composite beams—at both the yield limit state and the maximum load limit state—was measured and compared with the analytical flexural capacity. The stiffness degradation, ductility and dissipating energy capabilities of the composite beams were investigated based on the hysteresis curves. The composite beams tested in this study successfully reduced both the floor height of the building and the size of the steel beams needed to meet code requirements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Zur Vorhersage des Rißfortschritts bei einbetonierten Kopfbolzendübeln in Verbundträgern unter nicht ruhender Belastung

Realistic prediction of crack propagation of headed studs in composite beams under cyclic loading. The article gives appropriate cyclic load‐displacement‐laws and crack‐propagation‐laws in composite gaps of beams with headed studs ∅︁ 22 mm as well as realistic analytical procedures to determine the load‐displacement state of a composite beam under cyclic loading. The given models are based on a series of displacement controlled Push‐Out‐Tests and verified by cyclically loaded beam tests. Using the derived relationships it is now possible to predict rather exactly the fatigue lifetime of headed studs in composite beams. Further a design method in the limit state of fatigue is proposed.     

悬伸梁和双跨连续梁的整体稳定承载力试验研究

为了研究悬伸梁和双跨连续梁在集中荷载作用下的整体稳定性能,对两种单轴对称截面形式(上翼缘加强、下翼缘加强)、两种悬伸长度(1200mm、1600mm)共计5根悬伸梁,以及一种单轴对称截面形式(上翼缘加强)、三种相邻跨度之比(1∶0.48、1∶0.64、1∶1)共3根双跨连续梁进行了试验研究。在进行破坏试验前,对悬伸梁进行了三种荷载作用位置的弹性试验,对连续梁进行了三种加载比例的弹性试验,并利用Southwell法确定了临界荷载。试验研究结果表明:当最大弯矩出现在悬伸梁的简支跨且上翼缘受压时,上翼缘加强构件稳定承载力明显高于同尺寸的下翼缘加强构件;悬伸长度为1600mm的构件承载力明显高于悬伸长度为1200mm的构件承载力;荷载作用在简支梁段跨中时构件稳定承载力最低,荷载作用点离中间支座越近构件稳定承载力越高。双跨连续梁中,在等比例加载时,相邻跨度之比越大,构件稳定承载力越高。此外,对试验进行了有限元模拟,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

对钢-混凝土组合连接件的试验分析

对6个全尺寸梁柱节点进行试验研究。钢构件由一个焊接在梁端,与柱翼缘以螺栓连接的钢板组成。所有6个构件的梁截面和混凝土板的尺寸都是统一的。使用了三种类型的柱：光管钢筋柱、部分外包型钢筋柱、全部外包钢筋柱。另外的变量包括楼板中的钢筋面积,柱网中的加劲肋。将从试验中得到的弯矩-转角曲线与分析模型中预测的曲线进行对比。     

Zur Frage der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Kopfbolzendübeln

Fatigue resistance of headed shear studs. The design concepts in current national and international standards for headed shear studs in composite structures under fatigue loads are based on the assumptions, that the ultimate shear resistance of headed shear studs and the load‐deflection behaviour under service loads are not affected by high cyclic loading up to the theoretical value of their life time. These assumptions do not represent the real behaviour of headed shear studs subjected to fatigue loading. The paper deals with the results of the project C8 within the scope of Collaborative Research Centre 398 funded by the German Research Foundation. Based on a comprehensive program of experimental investigations new damage models to describe the effect of high cyclic loading on the local behaviour of headed shear studs are developed. On this basis the interaction between the local damage at the studs and the global behaviour of composite beams is investigated.     

The influence of profiled sheeting thickness and shear connector’s position on strength and ductility of headed shear connector

A three-dimensional finite element model is developed, validated and used in the parametric study to investigate the influence of shear stud’s position and profiled sheeting thickness on the strength, ductility and failure modes of the headed shear stud welded to the modern profiled sheeting. A total of 240 push tests were analysed with different sheeting thicknesses, positions of the shear stud in the trough, concrete strengths and transverse spacings. The results showed that the sheeting thickness influenced the shear connector resistance of studs placed in the unfavourable position more than studs placed in favourable and central positions. The strength of the shear connector placed in the unfavourable position increased by as much as 30% when the sheeting thickness was increased. The shear connector resistance of the unfavourable stud was found to be primarily a function of the strength and the thickness of the profiled sheeting rather than the concrete strength. The strength prediction equations for unfavourable and central studs were also proposed. The results suggested that the strength of the shear connector increased as the distance of the shear stud increased from the mid-height of the deck rib in the load bearing direction of the stud. The load-slip behaviour of the studs in the unfavourable position was more ductile than the studs in the favourable position, with slip of 2-4 times higher. It was found that the increase in sheeting thickness and transverse spacing improved the ductility of the stud in unfavourable position, but had no effect on the stud in the favourable position. The failure modes suggested that the favourable and central studs failed by concrete cone failure and unfavourable studs failed by rib punching together with crushing of the narrow strip of the concrete in front of the stud.