DSSS接收机中一种延迟锁定环的设计与实现

延迟锁定环（DLL）是扩频接收机中实现PN码捕获和跟踪的一个重要部分，本文介绍了一种基于farrow结构的内插滤波器的延迟锁定环，并进行了数字化实现。通过MATLAB仿真，表明这种延迟锁定环可以比较好的解决PN码同步问题，并FPGA上实现了该算法，使数字解调的硬件实现具有很好的移植性和灵活性。     

星载伪码测距系统精确同步及FPGA实现

针对星载伪码测距系统中伪码同步的实现问题,给出了一种适宜在FPGA中实现的结构。系统采用归一化超前减滞后功率鉴相器以及二阶环路滤波的架构,对非相干延迟锁定环路进行理论分析和仿真,并给出了FPGA中实现资源统计。仿真结果表明,该方法具有很高的伪码跟踪精度,满足星载伪码测距的要求。     

GNSS接收机自适应带宽伪码跟踪环路设计

从GNSS接收机对伪码延迟锁定环(DLL)快速稳定的需求出发,分析了环路滤波器带宽对码环性能的影响,对不同带宽下环路的稳定时间和跟踪精度进行了测试。提出了一种自适应带宽的码环设计方案,通过对环路滤波器带宽的实时调整,有效地实现了码环牵引过程的快速稳定和精确跟踪,提升了码环性能。利用自研的GNSS接收机进行了测试和验证,测试结果表明码环稳定时间小于400 ms。     

GPS接收机码/载波跟踪环技术及其抗干扰能力分析

为了提高GPS接收机的抗干扰能力，美国采取了一系列抗干扰技术措施，其中码／载波跟踪环技术是现代数字GPS接收机普遍采用的技术。本文主要通过分析数字GPS接收机的码／载波跟踪环技术，根据经验法则确定的载波跟踪环（PLL）与码跟踪延迟锁相环（DLL）门限，对采用码／载波跟踪环技术的GPS接收机的抗干扰能力进行分析。     

扩频码跟踪及同步失锁的研究与实现

针对扩频通信系统中的PN码同步问题,在分析扩频码跟踪方法的基础上,讨论了同步失锁问题,给出非相干延迟锁定环的计算公式和降低同步失锁误判的方法,并对其进行Matlab仿真及FPGA硬件调试.结果表明:该同步系统能够很好地跟踪接收端PN码的相位变化,失锁电路能够有效工作,并准确判断出同步失锁状况.     

强干扰下群时延失真对伪码测距性能的影响研究

射频链路作为直扩导航系统的重要组成部分,会引入系统群时延,后者会一定程度的改变扩频信号的传输时延,进而恶化延迟锁定环(DLL)的伪距测量,在强干扰的影响下,系统群时延对伪码测距的恶化情况会更加复杂.基于此考虑,首先介绍了群时延的基本概念,给出了强干扰下群时延对伪码测距误差的理论推导,并在此基础上进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,宽带扫频式强干扰的存在使得线性群时延和抛物线群时延对伪码测距误差性能进一步的恶化.     

非相干扩频接收机伪码跟踪环设计及FPGA实现

伪码跟踪环的设计是实现非相干扩频接收机的关键环节。为了实现非相干扩频接收机的伪码跟踪,设计了能量归一化的延迟锁定跟踪环,给出了环路的实现结构及环路参数的计算方法。分析了非相干扩频的特点,指出环路设计的关键点,在此基础上阐述了码环鉴别器、环路滤波器、超前滞后码发生器的设计及实现方法,并给出一套具体的实现参数。Modelsim仿真结果及FPGA实测数据表明所设计的环路能对伪码进行精确跟踪。     

压制干扰对GPS接收机码跟踪环的性能影响分析

压制干扰是GPS接收机面临的重要的人为威胁之一,对伪码跟踪的跟踪测距精度产生影响,甚至导致伪码跟踪环失锁。干扰对伪码跟踪环的影响模型涉及许多因素,建模比较困难。以常用的非相干超前减滞后功率延迟锁定环为例,建立了码跟踪环在宽带噪声干扰、窄带干扰和点频干扰下的跟踪误差模型,比较了压制干扰对C/A码和P(Y)码跟踪环性能的不同影响。通过对不同干扰方式下C/A码和P(Y)码跟踪误差的仿真,得出了对C/A码和P(Y)码跟踪环性能影响较大的干扰方式和干扰频率,为GPS接收机干扰方法和抗干扰措施的选择提供了理论依据。     

采用可复位延迟链形成无谐波、快速锁定的延迟锁相环

为提高锁定速度,一种带单步复位（RES）延迟链的全数位延迟锁相环（ADDLL）得以发展。随着新的可复位技术的发展,DLL快速锁定和无谐波的特点逐渐显现。主要在常见的DLL电路中加入可复位延迟链,采用SI MC 180 nmCOMS工艺,并采用Synopsys的HSI M仿真器对电路进行仿真。仿真结果显示,改进的DLL工作频率范围可达50～250 MHz,锁定时间明显减小,且无谐波信号。     

伪码测距雷达中的伪码跟踪环路设计

提出了一种适用于伪码测距雷达的伪码跟踪环设计方法,重点对伪码跟踪环的跟踪精度和动态性能进行了分析,讨论了一种最小跟踪误差意义下的最优环路带宽确定方法。仿真结果表明伪码跟踪环跟踪精度高,对动态运动的适应能力强。     

伪码测距中码跟踪环的FPGA实现

码跟踪环的设计是伪码/载波相位联合测距系统的一个关键环节.分析了伪码跟踪环路的结构,利用查表法、二阶环路分别对NCO和环路滤波器等关键部分进行了设计,并给出了相应的电路结构.系统仿真与FPAG片上测试结果表明,实现了伪码准确、实时跟踪,跟踪到的伪码相位误差小于载波相位的周期长,设计的跟踪环具有一定工程应用价值.     

DS-CDMA系统中PN码定时跟踪新算法及其实现

定时跟踪是DS-CDMA系统中Rake接收的关键技术,性能的好坏直接影响着扩频系统能否正常接收.文中首先对扩频系统中定时跟踪原理做出分析,然后重点介绍了PN码的"基于能量窗重心的定时跟踪"新算法,并选择了这个算法来实现CDMA2000-1x上行链路的PN码定时跟踪.最后,经过在典型城市环境下的现场实测,误帧率达到CDMA2000-1x的标准要求.     

Pseudonoise code tracking loop for a CDMA system with imperfect power control

In this paper, performance of a pseudonoise (PN) code tracking loop is analysed and simulated for a direct‐sequence/code‐division‐multiple‐access (DS/CDMA) system with imperfect power control in a multipath fading channel. A non‐coherent first‐order delay‐locked loop (DLL) is considered as a PN code tracking loop. Power control error is modelled as a log‐normally distributed random variable. The multipath fading channel is modelled as a two‐ray Rayleigh fading model that is typically applied to land mobile communication environments. The tracking performance of DLL is evaluated in terms of tracking jitter and mean‐time‐to‐lose‐lock (MTLL). From the simulation results, it is shown that for smaller discriminator offset, tracking jitter performance is improved while MTLL performance is degraded. It is shown that large power control error and heavy shadowing substantially degrade the PN tracking performance. Therefore, an accurate power control scheme is very essential to compensate for fading and shadowing for a DS/CDMA system. The extension of analysis to higher‐order loop models is very straightforward. The analysis in this paper can be applied to design the PN code tracking loop for a DS/CDMA system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Noncoherent Delay-Lock PN Tracking Loop: Impact of RFI and Nonideal Arm-Filter Characteristics

A noncoherent delay-lock PN tracking loop is investigated. The approach used is one in which simulation and analysis are combined to generate tracking performance. Performance data are presented for PN phase jitter standard deviation and compared to theoretical results. The impact of radio frequency interference (RFI) and gain/phase imbalances on PN tracking performance is determined and performance data are given. It is suggested that self-noise terms (introduced via the correlation operation between the incoming signal and local PN code) and nonideal arm-filter characteristics (resulting in gain/phase imbalances) may be significant factors in the investigation of PN tracking performance for those cases in which PN code timing synchronization is a major concern.     

Frequency selective propagation effects on spread-spectrum receiver tracking

This paper presents results of investigations of frequency selective scintillation effects, due to transionosphetic propagation, on the performance of spread-spectrum receivers. Emphasis is placed on pseudonoise (PN) direct sequence systems. Pertinent features of the disturbed ionospheric propagation channel are described together with the characteristics of resulting satellite signal scintillations. Effects of frequency selective scintillations on PN spread-spectrum code correlation and tracking are illustrated in some detail. The design of the receiver PN code tracking loop is an important factor in determining the significance of these effects. Of the designs that have been investigated, a dedicated (non-time-shared) noncoherent code tracking loop appears to be least susceptible to losing code lock in the presence of frequency selective scintillation. Possible design modifications to further enhance the robustness of PN code tracking are discussed.     

BOC调制伪码跟踪热噪声误差研究

介绍了BOC调制的定义,研究了BOC调制伪码跟踪热噪声误差Cremer-Rao界与调制参数之间的关系,所得结论可为BOC调制信号参数设计提供理论指导。分析了GPS和Galileo接收机伪码跟踪热噪声的理论误差,可为GPS和Galileo接收机伪码跟踪算法性能评价提供参考。     

大频偏条件下PN码捕获改进算法

针对大频偏条件下PN码捕获的问题,提出了一种改进的PN码捕获算法,即基于谱线插值的联合码捕获算法.首先对现有的码捕获技术进行了分析,然后在部分相关值作FFT的码捕获算法的基础上,提出了基于谱线插值的联合码捕获算法.算法的核心思想是对部分相关值作FFT处理,并利用插值公式计算出载波频偏的精确估计值,使得后续的载波跟踪环更有利于载波跟踪.介绍了新的码捕获系统的工作原理,推导了载波频偏估计的插值公式,并将非相干累加技术应用于码捕获系统,从而提高了低信噪比条件下载波频偏估计的精度.最后,通过仿真证明了此算法对现有GPS接收机性能有5dB的改善.     

航天测控系统中伪码测距精度分析

伪码测距以其较长的无模糊距离和较高的测量精度的显著优势,广泛应用于航天测控系统中。依据伪码测量原理,并结合工程经验数据,通过分析星地伪码测距系统的具体实现结构,研究了系统中各误差源引入的随机误差和系统误差,其中以星地伪码测距设备引入的测量误差作为重点,并对主要误差源伪码跟踪环路进行了较为深入的剖析。     

一种复合伪随机码跟踪环路设计及误差分析

该文针对当存在较大的载波相位跟踪误差时可能导致传统的复合码相干型跟踪环路失效的问题提出一种复合码非相干型跟踪环路。通过给出基于二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制的复合码的构造和相关特性分析,设计了具有非相干型鉴别器的跟踪环路,并分析了环路的跟踪误差。分析和仿真结果表明该环路解决了在存在较大载波相位误差时跟踪环路失效的问题,且具有良好的跟踪性能。     

PN code synchronization effects on narrow-band interferencerejection in a direct-sequence spread-spectrum receiver

The impact of imperfect synchronization on the performance of prediction-error interference rejection filters in noncoherent direct-sequence (DS) spread-spectrum communications is considered. Bit-error-rate analysis (BER) analysis (BER) of binary DPSK (differential phase-shift keying) data modulation used in conjunction with direct-sequence spread-spectrum is used as a performance measure. A first-order noncoherent delay-lock loop is used for the pseudonoise (PN) code tracking. Conditional BER results for the DS/DPSK systems for fixed values of the code tracking error are obtained. The average BER of the system is then evaluated by averaging the conditional BER expressions over the probability density function of the code tracking error. Results include the effects of both a single fading tone and a narrowband Gaussian interferer on the overall system performance. Interferer offset frequency is considered in determining the code tracking loop noise as well as the receiver BER