共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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介绍了国内外关于酵母提前絮凝的研究进展及导致酵母提前凝的因素和酵母提前絮凝的假说机理,归纳了酵母絮凝的检测方法,提出了预防酵母提前絮凝的措施及酵母提前絮凝的研究方向。 相似文献
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酵母提前絮凝是啤酒企业时有发生的现象,因其复杂的影响因素至今对酵母提前絮凝的发生机理及提前絮凝因子的本质没有明确的证实,也因此给整个啤酒酿造产业链造成了极大的困扰。近年来,随着环境污染及各种恶劣天气的出现,导致啤酒酵母提前絮凝发生相对增多,对麦芽企业及啤酒企业造成一定经济和名誉损失。作者综述了啤酒酵母提前絮凝的国内外最新研究进展,包括机理假说、提前絮凝因子的来源、形成机制及控制研究,以期对啤酒产业链提供有效解决酵母提前絮凝的思路和方法。 相似文献
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麦芽的PYF值对酵母的絮凝性影响较大,PYF值越低,酵母絮凝性越强,发酵过程表现为酵母沉降早,双乙酰还原缓慢,发酵不彻底;麦芽PYF值越高,酵母絮凝性越弱,发酵时酵母沉降慢.酒液中酵母数多,双乙酰还原较快,发酵完全,但酵母回收量少,滤酒困难。在其它条件不变的前提下,可利用麦芽的PYF值对酵母的絮凝性进行适当的调整。 相似文献
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介绍一种利用细胞表面疏水性原理快速而简单测定酵母细胞絮凝性的方法(HICF法)。酵母细胞悬浮液注入Sepharose凝胶柱 ,然后加入含有氯化钠的缓冲液 ,疏水细胞吸附于凝胶柱 ,通过测定吸附于凝胶柱的细胞的百分数可反映出酵母细胞的疏水程度[1],以此指示酵母的絮凝性。 相似文献
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麦芽质量对酵母絮凝性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
很多酿酒师认为:在发酵后期,不论是酵母提前絮凝,还是酵母在有可发酵性糖的情况下不降糖,这都与麦芽的质量有关。以前我们已经认识到葡萄糖、阿位拍糖与木聚糖类的复合糖与酵母结合能导致酵母提前絮凝,现在我们又认识到某种蛋白质也能起到同样的作用。这种蛋白质与大麦麦芽的外层组织联系在一起,对大麦进行简单的浸泡就能得到。但它不存在于大麦的表面,而是在浸麦阶段产生的,所以估计它是为了抑制微生物的生长而在浸麦阶段产生的一种抗菌蛋白。利用膜过滤和柱色谱技术能部分提纯这种蛋白。它具有热稳定性,能够忍耐麦汁煮沸的高温。我们不仅研究出这种蛋白是如何导致酵母提前絮凝,而且证实了它为什么会抑制降糖。因此,如果了解这种蛋白在制麦过程中的变化,我们就可以将其含量及其对发酵的影响降到最低。 相似文献
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絮凝性酵母IFFI 1792在酒精连续发酵中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
絮凝性酵母菌株IFFI 1792被用于酒精连续发酵的研究。连续发酵试验在单级和串联的气升式内循环生物反应器中进行,实现了高细胞浓度高强度酒精连续发酵。试验研究了各种因素对酒精连续发酵的影响,发现溶解氧浓度在一定范围内对高效发酵有利。在单级气升式生物反应器中,生产强度可达30乙醇/L·h;临界生产强度在菌体浓度为80g/L时达到24.5g乙醇/L. h。在两级串联反应器中,生产强度在达到23.5g乙醇/L·h,对应于最终酒糟浓度7.22%(V/V)。连续发酵试验进行到40天,未见发酵活力下降。由试验结果归纳建立了一个非结构的无生长因素的发酵动力学模型,用于连续酒精发酵过程的理论分析。 相似文献
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Marika H. Straver Vincent M. Traas Gerrit Smit Jan W. Kijne 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》1994,10(9):1183-1193
Yeast cell-agglutinating activity, designated agglutinin (possible lectin), was isolated from cell walls of both non-flocculent and flocculent brewer's yeast cells. Agglutinin-mediated aggregation of yeast cells in a manner similar to flocculation with respect to specific mannose-sensitivity, pH-dependence and calcium-dependence. Agglutinating activity was found to be heat-stable and protease-insensitive. Furthermore, addition of agglutinin to flocculent cells strongly stimulated the flocculation ability of the cells, whereas addition to non-flocculent cells rendered these cells weakly flocculent. Agglutinin was found to be released from flocculent cells during the course of a flocculation assay, but not from non-flocculent cells. Presence of mannose during the assay inhibited release of agglutinin. Our results suggest that (i) mannose-specific agglutinin is continuously synthesized during growth of brewer's yeast cells, (ii) agglutinin is present in cell walls of non-flocculent cells but is unable to bind its ligand on other cells, and (iii) the ability of yeast cells to flocculate in a flocculation assay depends, among other factors, on release of agglutinin from the cells. A 10-kDa polypeptide might represent one form of agglutinin. 相似文献
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为了得到利用啤酒废酵母生产功能性调味剂的最佳工艺流程;试验在前期啤酒废酵母的脱苦工艺和自溶条件单因素研究的基础上,对啤酒废酵母的自溶条件进行正交试验,并对功能调味剂的调配进行正交试验;结果表明:废酵母自溶的最佳自溶条件为pH 7.0、自溶温度55℃、自溶时间60h,影响因素依次为自溶时间>pH>自溶温度;功能性调味剂最优调配组合为糖1%、酒精2%、酱色1%,对调味剂风味的影响因素依次为:酒精>酱色>糖。 相似文献
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M Stratford 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》1992,8(1):25-38
Yeast flocculation results from surface expression of specific proteins (lectins). Two flocculation phenotypes were suggested by physiological and biochemical tests, whereas genetic data suggested a larger number of mechanisms of flocculation. After reviewing the biochemistry, physiology and genetics of flocculation, a new hypothesis combining the data available from these different sources, is proposed. Flocculation results when lectins present on flocculent cell walls bind to sugar residues of neighbouring cell walls. These sugar receptors are intrinsic to the mannan comprising cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two lectin phenotypes were revealed by sugar inhibition studies. The gluco- and mannospecific NewFlo phenotype is not, as yet, found in genetically defined strains. Mannospecific flocculation (Flo1 phenotype) is found in strains containing the genes FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8. This phenotype is also found following mutation of the TUP1 or CYC8 loci, in previously non-flocculent strains. It is therefore proposed that the structural gene for mannospecific flocculation is common or possibly ubiquitous in non-flocculent strains and in consequence, FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 are probably regulatory genes, exerting positive control over the structural gene. Flocculation expression requires lectin secretion to the cell surface. Many of the observed 'suppressions' of flocculation may be due to mutations of the secretory process, involved in transporting structural proteins to the cell wall. The possible involvement of killer L double-stranded RNA with flocculation is suggested, given the lectin properties of viral coat proteins and an association between L double-stranded RNA and the Flo1 phenotype. 相似文献
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利用PCR介导基因中断技术,以pUG6为模板,设计含有与flo8基因两侧序列同源的长引物,构建带有卡那抗性基因(KanMX)中断盒,转化啤酒酵母G-03,获得一株转化菌G-03/f8。对转化菌G-03/f8和原菌G-03进行生理生化性能和摇瓶发酵性能比较。该菌株在实验室常规发酵中,生理性能、发酵性能基本上与出发菌株保持一致。当用酵母提前絮凝(PYF,premature yeast flocculation)值高的麦芽糖化后的麦汁接种发酵时,G-03/f8的絮凝性能与常规发酵下的絮凝性能基本一致,此时明显优于出发菌株G-03。G-03/f8的酒精度、发酵度等低温发酵指标与常规发酵相比有小幅度的下降,但明显高于此时G-03的各项发酵指标。相对于出发菌而言,G-03/f8对高PYF值的麦汁不敏感,能够保持较好的发酵性能,因此在高PYF值麦芽的利用上有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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麦芽中超前絮凝因子多糖的提取与性质研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
啤酒发酵中的超前絮凝现象(PYF,premature yeast flocculation)主要由麦芽中的多糖引起.本文将麦芽汁进行醇沉、Sevag去蛋白、超滤、DEAE-Sephadex A-25及Sephadex G-100柱层析等一系列分离,提取得到一种分子量在10000Da以上的多糖物质PYF H,酵母超前絮凝活力测定及聚集沉淀后的酵母形态均能证实该多糖能显著促进酵母絮凝.对其性质进行研究发现,该多糖为糖蛋白,糖含量和蛋白质含量分别为58.3%、3.8%.这种多糖物质的发现为进一步研究啤酒发酵中的PYF现象奠定了基础. 相似文献