基于关联规则的藏语语音韵律参数提取

韵律规则对于语音识别和语音合成具有重要意义,韵律特征参数的描述正确与否直接影响合成系统的输出.为了提高藏语语音合成中语音的自然度,本文研究了基于数据挖掘中的关联规则来发现韵律参数之间的相互关系,并基于关联规则算法获得藏语韵律参数中基频参数的变化规则,这些规则可以为藏语语音合成系统的选音提供帮助.     

基于Tacotron模型和韵律修正的情感语音合成方法

语音合成技术日趋成熟,为了提高合成情感语音的质量,提出了一种端到端情感语音合成与韵律修正相结合的方法。在Tacotron模型合成的情感语音基础上,进行韵律参数的修改,提高合成系统的情感表达力。首先使用大型中性语料库训练Tacotron模型,再使用小型情感语料库训练,合成出具有情感的语音。然后采用Praat声学分析工具对语料库中的情感语音韵律特征进行分析并总结不同情感状态下的参数规律,最后借助该规律,对Tacotron合成的相应情感语音的基频、时长和能量进行修正,使情感表达更为精确。客观情感识别实验和主观评价的结果表明,该方法能够合成较为自然且表现力更加丰富的情感语音。     

基于韵律特征参数的情感语音合成算法研究

为了合成更为自然的情感语音,提出了基于语音信号声学韵律参数及时域基音同步叠加算法的情感语音合成系统.实验通过对情感语音数据库中生气、无聊、高兴和悲伤4种情感的韵律参数分析,建立4种情感模板,采用波形拼接语音合成技术,运用时域基音同步叠加算法合成含有目标感情色彩的语音信号.实验结果表明,运用波形拼接算法,调节自然状态下语音信号的韵律特征参数,可合成较理想的情感语音.合成的目标情感语音具有明显的感情色彩,其主观情感类别判别正确率较高.     

基于机器学习的普通话韵律规则提取

韵律规则对于语音识别和语音合成研究具有重要意义.目前的韵律规则大多是根据语 言学的研究得出的一些定性的描述.为了提取出更精确的定量描述的韵律规则,利用聚类分析 提取出句子中音节的基频模式,在此基础上使用决策树进行韵律规则的学习,获得了较好的实 验结果.文中首先讨论韵律规则和聚类分析及决策树,然后给出数据预处理技术及所采用的学 习算法,最后给出实验结果.     

人脸语音动画中基于PSOLA的情感语音合成系统

提出一种基于时域基音同步叠加TD-PSOLA算法的情感语音合成系统。根据情感语音库分析总结情感规则,在此基础上利用TD-PSOLA算法对中性语音的韵律参数进行改变,并提出一种能够对基频曲线尾部形状改变的方法,使句子表达出丰富的情感。实验表明,合成出的语音具有明显的情感色彩,证明了该系统能以简单明了的方式实现情感语音的合成,有助于提高人脸语音动画表达的丰富性和生动性。     

基于PSOLA与DCT的情感语音合成方法

情感语音合成可以增强语音的表现力,为使合成的情感语音更自然,提出一种结合时域基音同步叠加(PSOLA)和离散余弦变换(DCT)的情感语音合成方法。根据情感语音数据库中的高兴、悲伤、中性语音进行韵律参数分析归纳情感规则,调整中性语音各音节的基音频率、能量和时长。使用DCT方法对基音标记过的语音段进行基音频率的调整,并利用PSOLA算法修改基音频率使其逼近目标情感语音的基频。实验结果表明,该方法比单独使用PSOLA算法合成的情感语音更具情感色彩,其主观情感的识别率更高,合成的情感语音质量更好。     

基于韵律模型的普通话基频分析

基频是基于模型的语音合成系统中重要的一个因素,该文主要利用韵律信息仿真普通话基频曲线特征值,并分析音节基频各个特征值在韵律环境下的稳定性。该文将前一音节的终止基频值与韵律参数结合,通过数据挖掘技术寻找影响各个特征值的重要韵律参数,并用这个结果建立韵律模型,然后仿真基频曲线特征值,并得到了一个良好的结果。通过分析发现在连续语流中,体现频率特性的特征值中,基频均值和最小值的稳定性较强;体现时间特性的特征值中,音节时长的稳定性较强。     

基于数据挖掘的普通话韵律规则学习

普通话韵律规则对于语音合成和语音学研究具有重要意义。为了更有效地进行韵律规则学习,该文利用数据挖掘技术从语料库中的取规则。通过聚类分析进行基频模式提取,并以此进行基频序列的离散化;由语言学分析的结果得出训练句子中每个单节的参数,利用决策树和神经网络学习章节的韵律变化规则。测试表明基于数据挖掘的韵律规则学习取得了较好的结果,证实了方法的有效性。     

多维关联规则在汉语韵律模型研究中的运用

汉语韵律特征受语境参数影响时受前后音节的影响较大,利用数据挖掘中的多维关联规则方法处理汉语韵律问题,得出研究者感兴趣的有用规则,然后利用神经网络方法分析输出更为准确的韵律参数,构建语音合成系统的韵律模型。将构建的韵律模型在软件平台上进行模拟实验,实验证明,该模型能满足语音合成系统的要求。     

基于韵律规则的基频曲线预测模型

汉语语音合成中基频曲线(F0 曲线)预测是决定合成语音声调自然度的关键因素,为了使生成的基频曲线过渡自然,提出应用连接段基频曲线模式连接各音节的方法.连接段和音节基频曲线模式使用聚类、分析修正的方法获得,相互问有重叠性,应用时根据参数来确定选取区域,进行连接.通过实验过程中分析总结得到的规则确定基频曲线模式参数.实际应用于 PSOLA 语音合成系统后,经实验证明合成语音声调自然度明显提升.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。