命名数据网络中基于内容类型的隔跳概率缓存机制

网络化缓存是命名数据网络实现对信息的高效获取,有效降低互联网骨干网络流量的关键技术.网络化缓存将缓存作为普适的功能添加到每个网络节点.用户需要获取信息时,缓存有该内容的任意网络节点(例如路由器)接收到用户请求后都可直接向用户返回相应内容,提升用户请求响应效率.然而,命名数据网络采用泛在缓存使得内容发布者到用户的传输路径...     

内容中心移动边缘网络用户移动感知缓存机制

为了提高内容中心移动边缘网络的缓存性能,提出了一种基于用户移动性感知和节点中心性度量的内容中心移动边缘网络缓存机制（user mobility-aware and node centrality based caching,简称UMANCC）.UMANCC机制利用边缘节点计算节点中心性、缓存空闲率以及小区内用户逗留时间.移动边缘网络控制器综合各边缘节点的信息,计算各边缘节点的重要性并进行排序,最后根据排序结果选择内容缓存节点.仿真实验结果表明：与传统缓存机制LCE及Prob相比,UMANCC有效减少用户获取内容的平均跳数高达15.9%,提高边缘节点缓存命中率至少13.7%,减少进入核心网流量高达32.1%,有效地提高了内容中心移动边缘网络的内容分发性能.     

ICN中的一种协作缓存机制

为了克服现有 Internet 架构存在的众所周知的缺点,未来网络的研究成为热点.ICN(information-centric networking)在众多新架构中正逐渐被公认为最有前途的方案.它把传输的内容缓存到沿途的节点.高效的缓存机制是它的一个重要研究方面.为此,提出了一种在分布式缓存机制中嵌入中心式缓存决策的机制(content-aware placement,discovery and replacement,简称APDR),它把内容的放置、发现、替换统一起来考虑,实现内容的有序缓存,提高网络的性能.APDR的主要思想是：Interest报文除了携带对内容的请求以外,还收集沿途各节点对该内容的潜在需求、空闲缓存等信息,使得Interest的汇聚点和目的地节点可以据此计算出一个缓存方案,并把该方案附加在Data报文上,通知返程途中的某些节点缓存该内容并设置指定的缓存时间.在多种实验条件下对APDR进行了仿真验证,结果表明,APDR 可以改善网络性能,包括缓存命中率、接入代价、替换数量、转发效率以及缓存鲁棒性等;而且APDR的额外开销也不大.     

CCN中选择性缓存机制的研究

现有Internet架构存在着众所周知的缺点,未来网络架构的研究成为了热点.其中,CCN(Content-Centric Networking)在众多新架构中正逐渐被大家认为是最有前途的方案之一,它要求网络中的每一节点都要有缓存功能.所以,研究高效的缓存机制就成为实现CCN预期目标的关键.针对CCN现有缓存机制中存在的"无序缓存"的问题,文中提出了选择性缓存机制SC(Selective Caching).它根据用户的潜在需求和内容的流行规律,只在必要的节点上选择性地(而不是沿着内容传输路径处处地)缓存.同时,采用带宽换缓存的思想,利用链路的冗余带宽,将内容分流到相邻节点缓存,进一步提升缓存效率.我们首先提出了缓存空间消耗的理论分析模型,然后在多种实验条件下对SC进行了验证,实验结果表明SC可以提高网络的缓存效率和性能,同时SC的通信、计算、状态记忆等额外开销也都很小.     

CCN中一种改进的面向隐私保护的缓存策略

内容中心网络（CCN）是一种新型的网络架构,但其路由器缓存数据包的模式给用户带来了隐私泄露的风险。提出一种面向隐私保护的动态区域协作缓存策略。该策略以兼顾用户隐私保护的同时提高网络性能为目的进行设计,从信息熵的角度出发,以提高用户的请求信息的不确定度为目标,通过将内容存储在相应的隐匿系数高的缓存节点,增加攻击者确定请求用户的难度;以动态区域协作的方式存储内容,增大缓存内容的归属不确定性,以加大攻击者定位数据包的难度。仿真结果表明,该策略可降低内容请求时延,提高缓存命中率。     

一种基于两级缓存的协同缓存机制

信息中心网络（information-centric networking,简称ICN）将网络通信模式从当前的以地址为中心转变为以信息为中心.泛在化缓存是ICN重要特性之一,它通过赋予网络任意节点缓存的能力来缓和服务器的压力,降低用户访问延迟.然而,由于缺少内容热度的分布感知,现有ICN缓存策略仍存在缓存利用率较低、缓存位置缺乏合理规划等问题.为了解决这些问题,提出一种基于两级缓存的协同缓存机制（a cache coordination scheme based on two-level cache,简称CSTC）.将每个节点的缓存空间分为热度感知和协作分配两部分,为不同热度的内容提供不同的缓存策略.同时,结合提出的热度筛选机制和路由策略,降低了缓存冗余,实现了缓存位置优化.最后,基于真实网络拓扑的仿真实验表明,CSTC在次热门内容缓存数量上提升了2倍,缓存命中率提升了将近50%,且平均往返跳数在多数情况下优于现有On-path缓存方式.     

内容中心网络数据污染的快速检测机制

内容中心网络通过路由器缓存内容来提高网络的整体性能.为防止被污染的数据在网络中扩散,路由器需要对进入网络的内容进行验证.原始的验证机制需要对内容的数字签名进行非对称密钥解密操作,导致内容验证速度不能满足高速路由器的需求.提出了基于着色的快速内容验证机制,以减少内容验证的计算复杂度,加快内容的检测速度.该机制通过对第1次进入网络的正确内容进行着色操作以保证其正确性.被着色的内容再次进入网络时,路由器可以通过着色信息来快速验证内容的正确性,从而提高路由器的检测速度.     

多缓存容量场景下的D2D内容缓存布设优化方案

在终端直传（D2D）缓存网络中,用户有限且各异的缓存能力是制约缓存效率的一个关键参数,然而现有文献大多考虑不同用户具有相同的缓存能力,针对这一不足有必要进行用户具有不同缓存容量下的D2D内容缓存布设方案优化。首先,鉴于用户终端的移动性和随机分布特性,利用随机几何理论将网络中不同缓存容量的用户节点建模为相互独立的齐次泊松点过程;其次,考虑本地卸载和邻近D2D链路卸载两种内容卸载方式,推导得到网络缓存命中率;最后,将最大化缓存命中率作为优化目标函数,提出了基于坐标梯度的联合缓存布设（JCP）算法,从而得到多用户多缓存容量场景下的内容缓存布设方案。仿真结果表明,与现有的缓存布设方案相比,由JCP得到的缓存布设方案可以有效提高缓存命中率。     

一种移动流媒体分层协同缓存系统

随着移动互联网的发展和用户数量的增加,网络中的音视频服务普遍采用动态缓存机制来减轻回程主干网的带宽压力和提高用户的观影体验。如何根据网络和用户需求,调整不同节点的缓存内容,以减少主干网的带宽压力,是当前缓存部署迫切需要解决的问题。基于子模函数理论,本文提出主动和被动资源分配调整方案及其算法。主动方案根据资源的流行度把视频文件部署到缓存节点上,以达到用户访问代价的最小化;被动方案根据音视频流行度的变化对节点上缓存的内容进行实时调整,以提高缓存资源的利用率和用户体验,降低主干网的带宽消耗。最小访问代价算法的复杂度与缓存空间容量大小相关,在缓存空间紧张时能快速迭代出资源的分配方案。数值仿真表明,主动和被动分配资源分配方案能有效降低远程服务器的带宽压力和提高用户体验。     

内容中心网络中一种改进型缓存机制

内容中心网络( CCN)作为一种主要的未来网络架构,以命名的内容作为网内的主要元素之一,在网络研究中受到广泛关注。针对已有的CCN缓存方案内容副本替换严重的问题,提出一种内容热门度与节点中介中心度约束的缓存机制PopBetw。在基于节点中心度的基础上,从内容本身的属性热门度出发,避免非热门内容的不必要缓存,降低每个节点的缓存负荷,提高网络缓存性能。仿真结果表明,通过评估缓存大小和内容热门度对缓存性能的影响,PopBetw缓存策略可取得比LCE,LCPro和EgoBetw方案更高的缓存命中率和更小的路径延展度,明显降低网内缓存替换数量,有效减少网内节点中介中心性较大节点群的缓存替换数,达到整体性能最优化。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。