一种中文地址类相似重复信息的检测方法

数据仓库中相似重复记录的识别与消除是数据清洗的热点问题,其中地址类信息对相同实体识别起着非常重要的作用.针对中文地址类信息的处理,建立了包含分词规则的元数据库,提出一种相似重复检测模型.在此基础上,描述了基于特征字符的分词算法和利用可变权值策略计算记录相似度的算法.实验结果表明该方法能有效解决中文地址类重复信息的检测,提高了算法的执行效率及检测精度.     

基于表示学习的中文分词

为提高中文分词的准确率和未登录词（OOV）识别率,提出了一种基于字表示学习方法的中文分词系统。首先使用Skip-gram模型将文本中的词映射为高维向量空间中的向量;其次用K-means聚类算法将词向量聚类,并将聚类结果作为条件随机场（CRF）模型的特征进行训练;最后基于该语言模型进行分词和未登录词识别。对词向量的维数、聚类数及不同聚类算法对分词的影响进行了分析。基于第四届自然语言处理与中文计算会议（NLPCC2015）提供的微博评测语料进行测试,实验结果表明,在未利用外部知识的条件下,分词的F值和OOV识别率分别达到95.67%和94.78%,证明了将字的聚类特征加入到条件随机场模型中能有效提高中文短文本的分词性能。     

基于词图的最大概率分词方法

中文分词的方法主要可分为基于规则和基于统计两大类:前者一般借助于词图的方法,将分词问题转化为最优路径问题,通常切分结果不惟一;后者利用统计模型对语料库进行统计,计算量较大,但准确率较高.对词图和N元语法进行了介绍,并结合两者实现了一种中文分词方法.该方法将词图中的最大概率路径作为中文句子分词的结果,其中涉及对语料库进行二元词频统计,设计了一个多级哈希结构的分词词典,实验数据表明该方法能有效地进行自动分词.     

病理镜检文本数据的结构化处理方法

目前医疗文本数据的结构化处理大多依赖通用分词工具或医学知识库,而通用分词工具对专业术语的识别效果并不理想,且国内的中文医学术语标准化进程不足。针对此问题,提出一种基于统计信息对镜检文本数据进行结构化处理的方法。该方法以聚类文本为基础,基于断点词与重合串分词,利用分词词串的统计信息获取关键词以及词语类别信息,并进行词语扩充,从而得到最终词库作为字典。利用基于字典的双向最大匹配分词算法,对文本数据进行分词,并通过添加否定检出的规则,获取结构化数据。实验结果表明,该方法获取的医学词库的准确率达到了80%,实现了不依赖分词工具获得结构化数据的功能。     

基于微粒群优化聚类数目的K–均值算法

K-均值算法是广泛使用的聚类算法,但该算法的聚类数目难以确定,且聚类结果对初始聚类中心比较敏感.本文提出一种基于微粒群优化聚类数目的K-均值算法,该算法采用聚类中心的坐标和通配符表示微粒位置,通过定义微粒更新公式中新的加减运算符,动态调整聚类中心的数目及坐标,此外,以改进的聚类有效性指标Davies-Bouldin准则作为适应度函数.5个人工和真实数据集的聚类结果验证了所提算法的优越性.     

基于Lucene的中文全文检索系统的研究与设计

提出了一种基于Lucene的中文全文检索系统模型.通过分析Lucene的系统结构,系统采用了基于统计的网页正文提取技术,并且加入了中文分词模块和索引文档预处理模块来提高检索系统的效率和精度.在检索结果的处理上,采用文本聚类的办法,使检索结果分类显示,提高了用户的查找的效率.实验数据表明,该系统在检索中文网页时,在效率,精度和结果处理等方面性能明显提高.     

模糊聚类在中文文本分类中的应用研究

将基于等价关系的模糊聚类技术应用于中文文本分类,提出了基于模糊聚类的中文文本分类算法ATCFC。该算法利用基于二级字索引的正向最大匹配算法对文本分词,建立模糊特征向量空间模型,使用贴近度法刻划文本间的相似度。利用算法ATCFC对文本集合进行动态聚类实验,实验结果表明算法ATCFC对于中文文本分类是可行、有效的。     

非结构化中文自然语言地址描述的自动识别

互联网中存在海量易获取的自然语言形式地址描述文本,其中蕴含丰富的空间信息。针对其非结构化特点,提出了自动提取中文自然语言地址描述中词语和句法信息的方法,以便深度挖掘空间知识。首先,根据地址语料中字串共现的统计规律设计一种不依赖地名词典的中文分词算法,并利用在地址文本中起指示、限定作用的常见词语组成的预定义词表改善分词效果及辅助词性标注。分词完成后,定义能够表达中文地址描述常用句法的有限状态机模型,进而利用其自动匹配与识别地址文本的句法结构。最后,基于大规模真实语料的统计分词及句法识别实验表明了该方法的可用性及有效性。     

基于AC自动机和地址概率模型的地址标准化算法

中文地址具有广泛的应用领域和应用价值,地址标准化是地址编码的基础,而地址编码技术是利用好地址数据的重要一环。本文基于双数组的极速多模式匹配的trie树来进行初步分词和词性标注,利用最长后缀匹配能够非常快速地找出包含行政区划的地址元素,以此为基础可以将地址切分成不同地址元素并标注等级,建立地址向量模型(AVSM)。将AVSM中行政区划部分地址数据进行条件组合,找出可能的行政区划候选值。采用余弦相似度算法,计算出最佳的行政路径。对于后续非行政区等级元素,使用概率地址模型对各等级元素进行概率统计,利用贝叶斯求出最佳的组词概率,进一步处理其它各个级别的地址。最后通过有限状态机能够对整个地址等级进行各级元素的隶属调整和实现不同等级具体修复方法。该方法能够保证在海量的地址数据中实现快速切分的同时对行政缺失的地址数据进行补全,利用关键词和概率模型有效地识别登录词,兼顾分词性能和可维护性。     

应用分类方法进行聚类评价*

针对现有基于几何结构的聚类有效性指标不能有效解决不同结构数据的聚类结果评价问题,提出了一种使用分类对聚类结果进行评价的方法。该方法把聚类得到的对象类标志作为分类问题的已知类标志,使用交叉验证法对数据集重新分类,通过对比聚类结果与分类结果之间的差异来衡量聚类有效性。一个易于聚类的数据集的结构意味着也容易进行分类,对模拟数据和真实数据的实验和分析验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.