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临盘油田盘2-4断块构造复杂,本文从地层、完井、采油几个方面对该块适合的工艺进行了详细的剖析,包括地层对套管的影响,完井方式的优选,采油工艺的优选几个方面,并得出了相关结论。 相似文献
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南堡油田是典型的复杂断块油田,断块小、岩相变化大,开发方案频繁调整,受地质和工程多重因素影响,套管损坏现象日趋严重,截止2021年底,套损井占全部油水井比例的5.6%,由于套管损坏导致年产能下降近1.7万吨,套管损坏增加了油田稳产难度,减少油田开发效益,已成为制约油田发展的一大难题。因此,有必要认真分析套管损坏机理,研究不同类型套损井的治理对策,提高套损井治理成功率。运用统计分析法,确定了非均质地应力、泥岩蠕变、地层出砂是造成南堡油田套损的主要原因,提出在完井过程、作业工程、生产过程的套损预防措施,总结了机械整形、取换套、膨胀管补贴等几项关键的套损井治理技术,对于油田后续套损井防治具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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胜利油田现河油区复杂断块油藏开发中后期剩余油极度分散,呈现“小而散”的特征。而侧钻井技术能够利用地上、地下原有资源,实现“低成本、高效率”地挖掘老区剩余油潜力。经过几年的研究、探索和实践,在完井、采油各方面进行了技术配套,取得了一系列的成果创新和改进,形成了一套独具特色的侧钻井配套技术集成。本文重点介绍了新型φ95mm小井眼套管完井技术及小井眼卡堵改层、封堵封窜配套工艺的研究及应用,该配套技术已在现场得到大规模推广。 相似文献
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油田开采步入开发后期,由于受复杂断层、异常地应力、盐膏层、高矿化度地层水、增产增注措施等因素的影响,油水井套管出现不同程度的损坏,众多的套损井严重地影响着油田的生存和发展。为解决上述矛盾,油田多年来经过深入研究,并进行现场实践,在采用4″套管完井修复套损井技术方面,取得了长足的进展。由于油田有着其复杂的地质特征,在修复套损井方面主要采用了以下小套管二次固井完井工艺,其中以5″套管内全井下4″套管,4″套管悬挂和开窗侧钻悬挂4″套管为主。 相似文献
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王春旭 《中国石油和化工标准与质量》2014,(23)
随着油田开发工作的不断推进和深入,复杂断块油田产能比重越来越高,因而逐渐成了开发工作的重点。依据复杂断块油田的地质特点和性质,充分利用现代油藏技术进行精细油藏描述和研究,探索和细化一套挖潜剩余油、提高断块油田采收率的研究方法和技术,是精细断块油田开发的基础。本文从实际出发,总结和分析了复杂断块油田的主要地质特征和性质,阐述了复杂断块油田精细油藏描述的方法技术和研究内容,为复杂断块油田开发的精细油藏描述理论和技术实践提供参考。 相似文献
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农药筛选方法在新农药开发中占有重要的地位,与传统的活体筛选方法相比,离体筛选方法具有快速、经济、方便和重复性好等优点.近年来,离体筛选方法在杀虫剂研发中得到了广泛的应用,随着分子生物学和生物技术的发展,新的杀虫剂筛选方法将不断被开发出来. 相似文献
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Surface science developed instruments for atomic- and molecular-scale studies of catalyst surfaces, their composition and
structure, both in a vacuum and at high pressures, under reaction conditions (bridging the pressure gap). Surfaces ranging
from single crystals, nanoparticles and thin films to porous high surface area catalytic materials have been studied. Classes
of surface structure sensitive and insensitive reactions have been identified by surface science studies, including ammonia
synthesis, hydrodesulfurization, reforming, combustion and hydrogenation. Rates of reactions often vary by orders of magnitude
between using the right and the wrong surface structures. The roles of many promoters that modify the catalyst surface structures
and bonding of adsorbates have been verified. Surface reaction intermediates could be identified and the mobility of adsorbates
and the adsorbate induced reconstruction of the catalysts attest to the dynamic nature of the catalytic systems during the
reaction turnover. The important active sites for catalysis include the low coordination surface step, kink, oxygen and chloride
ion vacancies sites and sites at oxide-metal interfaces. Uncovering the molecular ingredients of heterogeneous catalysts will
have a major impact on the understanding of reaction selectivity to help the evolution of green chemistry and selective reaction
of many types. 相似文献
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采用二段低压法甲醇合成技术、三塔精馏和高效规整填料对6万t/a甲醇装置进行改造,改造后甲醇产量增幅为675,吨精甲醇综合能耗下降30%,产品质量全部达到GB338-92优等品要求,实践证明改造是成功的。 相似文献
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注射型原位成型药物传递系统在近年来得到了广泛关注。注射型原位凝胶植入局部位置并使多聚物以半固体形式贮存药物,这种形式相比其它传统的给药方式具有很多优点。本文重点介绍了原位系统中原位沉淀凝胶的贮药机制,特性及其优缺点。 相似文献
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Wurtzite ZnO (hcp) was produced by the 80 °C sonothermal reactions of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20 molar ratios of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O:NaOH in water, containing 2 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 20 g of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the molecular weights (MWs) of 6000, 10000, and 20000 for 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h. ZnO phase with different morphologies was detected. When the amount of NaOH, both MW and the amount of PEG, and the experimental time were increased, the products still retain their single phase, but their morphologies were changed from nanoplates in clusters to nanospears with sharp tips gathering together in the shape of flowers, and long nanorods with oval tips in clusters. In the present work, formation mechanism of these products was also discussed. 相似文献
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1H NMR investigations have been carried out on water- and benzene-saturated mesoporous sillicas with a wide range of pore sizes (13–42 Å). The freezing point of the bound water increases with the pore size, approaching that of bulk water at large pore sizes. With large pore sizes, there is more than one transition due to the bound water species. The benzene-saturated samples show a behavior similar to that of water-saturated samples, although the freezing point depression is significantly greater. The pore size distribution generally becomes broader with the increase in pore size. The original Kelvin equation is satisfactory to estimate the pore radii both in the case of water and benzene-saturated samples. 相似文献
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The correlation of slip velocity using a large bank of published data for pulsed perforated-plate, Karr reciprocating-plate, rotating disc and spray extraction columns is presented. Based on more than 3,700 data points with and without mass transfer, empirical equations not including hold-up for each of the columns are suggested which reproduce the slip velocity data over a wide range of variables. Explicit correlations for hold-up in both the loose and dense-packed regions of operation in spray columns are also presented which do not involve slip velocity. The equations presented are more exact and simpler to use than previous empirical correlations; these often involve the characteristic velocity which is difficult to accurately predict. 相似文献
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介绍了为我国首套年产20万t大型硫到装置配套的QCF50/925-30-3.82/450型硫酸余热锅炉的设计指导思想,锅炉的技术参数、基本结构、设计特点及在设计中所采用的一系列优化措施,经3年多实际运行考验,证明该余热锅炉的设计是成功的。为我国的硫酸余热利用技术和余热利用装置向大型化、国产化方向发展提供了成功的经验。 相似文献
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分析化学课程教学改革 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
以培养应用性人才为目标,结合分析化学学科特点及社会发展趋势,针对中南大学实际情况着重从整体优化教学内容,改革教学模式和教学方法,改革课程结构,改革实验体系,加强实践环节等几方面入手,对分析化学理论与实践教学进行了改革尝试,同时通过实验教学的组织形式开放、实验内容开放、实验室指定时间段开放以及教学评价方式开放等措施,构建开放式分析化学实验教学模式,从而达到真正落实素质教育,切实提高学生的综合能力的目的。 相似文献