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冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号具有瞬态性和多样性的特点,属于典型的非平稳信号。利用EMD方法对岩石声发射信号进行分解,得到一系列具有不同特征时间尺度的IMF分量,对每一个平稳的IMF分量提取能量特征。分析结果表明:冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号能量主要分布在前4个IMF分量内,且分布不均匀;岩石声发射信号各IMF分量的频谱与原始信号的频谱基本一致;随着岩石的密度、纵波波速、弹性模量的降低,冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号的优势频率越来越集中,且其优势频率有往低频发展的趋势;相比小波包分析,EMD分析法对于非平稳信号而言更具适应性。 相似文献
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摘要:将局域波用于分析导管架海洋平台模型的声发射信号,以获得声发射信号的时频特征和频率能量分布。通过局域波分解将声发射信号分解为一组基本模式分量(IMF),对每一个IMF分量进行希尔伯特变换获得信号能量随时间频率的变化;由局域波时频谱得到边际谱,反映声发射信号的能量频率分布特征。通过分析导管架海洋平台模型模拟声发射信号,获得了特征,运用局域波分析方法监测到导管架海洋平台预制裂纹声发射信号的出现。因此,局域波法可以用于分析导管架海洋平台的声发射信号,在声发射信号处理领域将会有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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随机声载荷作用下的某些复杂薄壁结构的振动疲劳属于多轴疲劳,Von Mises 应力准则是多轴疲劳损伤分析的一条有效途径。本文通过对有限带宽高斯白噪声载荷作用下结构Von Mises应力概率分布研究,分析提出Von Mises应力服从双参数Weibull分布或Lognormal分布,并且给出了估算这两种概率分布参数的方法,进而得到了Von Mises应力峰值概率密度函数,从而为结构的疲劳损伤寿命估算提供依据。在工程应用中采用耦合的有限元和边界元方法计算了某型航空发动机燃烧室火焰筒薄壁结构在随机声载荷作用下的振动应力响应功率谱密度,着重分析了Von Mises应力响应的概率分布特征,并对分析结果采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S)检验进行了比较验证。 相似文献
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行星齿轮箱是风力机传动装置的重要组成部分,行星轮在低速重载、既自转又公转的复杂环境下容易诱发故障,其故障诊断特别是故障行星轮定位一直是研究重点和难点。建立了行星轮齿轮箱实验装置,模拟了行星轮故障,并利用声发射信号进行故障行星轮定位。实验研究了声发射信号在齿轮内部、齿轮与齿轮之间的传播特性,利用信号的幅值衰减特性简化了故障定位模型。利用信号幅度随信号传播距离增加而呈指数衰减的关系,建立了故障源定位方程组,从而获得故障齿的啮合位置,进一步确定故障行星轮的位置。实验结果表明:利用声发射信号的幅值衰减特性能够较为精确的确定故障行星轮的位置。 相似文献
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钢材已成为生产的基本材料,被广泛应用于各行业,目前还没有对其进行损伤动态监测的有效方法。采用声发射技术对钢材Q235在不同的拉伸速率下进行损伤动态监测试验研究,首先通过试验获取了不同拉伸速率时材料的弹性、屈服、强化、颈缩和断裂各个力学行为阶段声发射信号并提取各个特征参数;然后通过各个特征参数累积量历程图归一化曲线对钢材拉伸损伤过程进行评价,发现特征参数累积量历程图归一化曲线可以明显反映出钢材拉伸整体演变过程及各个力学行为阶段特征,并且随着拉伸速率的减小,在屈服阶段的结束端点出现更为明显的突增量,可作为表征屈服阶段和强化阶段的重要转折点。结合拉伸力学,对各个力学行为阶段声发射信号的产生机制和特征进行总结,可为钢材后期声发射信号源的产生机制以及后期损伤定量、寿命预测的研究提供参考了依据。 相似文献
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声发射检测方法对金属构件进行健康检测的关键问题:通过合适的载荷使得构件产生声发射信号。现阶段大部分声发射检测均采用接触式离线加载,声发射检测采用可在线检测的非接触式电磁加载。从电致位错、自由电子运动理论出发,在微观层面探究电磁声发射的机理特征;研究静磁场与涡流分布作用下电磁声发射特征差异;基于声发射信号的非平稳特征,利用希尔伯特黄变换方法分析电磁声发射特征。通过改变水平磁场激励方向,实现本征模态函数的能量比值、互相关系数、特征本征模态函数时频图与裂纹指向特征之间的关系联立。 相似文献
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为了研究在动载荷下岩石破裂的声发射特性,采用霍普金森(SHPB)实验系统对三种岩石进行不同应变率下的冲击载荷破坏实验,同步采集破坏过程的声发射参数,从应力—应变、幅值分布、振铃计数变化以及峰值频率分布等方面进行了分析与研究。实验结果表明:力学特性方面,随着应变率增大,三种岩石的动态强度随之增大,极限应变也随之增大,且岩石试样的破碎程度随之增大,表现为碎块的尺寸减小、块数增加、碎屑增多。在声发射特性方面,三种岩石的峰值频率主要在550 k Hz以下,且随着应变率的增加,三种岩石的振铃计数都随之增大,低幅值信号比例增加,峰值频率在100 k Hz以下的低频信号随之减少,100~200k Hz以及400~550 k Hz的中高频信号随之增多,说明峰值频率有向中高频移动的趋势。 相似文献
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摘要:对声发射采集系统的硬件参数设置、滤噪参数设置以及声发射信号特征参数及其相关性进行了系统的试验研究。共进行了11组断铅人工激发源试验和13个混凝土试件的单轴静态拉伸试验,采用全数字化的参数-波形式声发射采集系统和三种不同型号的传感器同步采集并存储了试验过程中的声发射特征参数和波形,应用参数和波形分析相结合的方法以及波形事后提取分析等技术手段对数据进行分析。结果表明:前置放大器增益、阈值、波形采样率和采样长度、带通滤波器等有一合理参数取值;幅度、振铃、持续时间、声发射信号能量、绝对能量、信号强度这6个参数能够较好地体现混凝土轴拉损伤过程的阶段性特征;声发射幅度、振铃数、持续时间、上升时间和信号强度5个参数之间存在显著的相关性。研究成果可为采用声发射技术研究混凝土的损伤破坏过程提供参考依据。 相似文献
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为解决转子碰摩损伤声发射信号分类及解释难题,应用PCI-2声发射系统和WS-ZHT1型多功能转子实验台组成转子碰摩声发射检测系统,采集转子局部碰摩声发射信号,通过理论分析声发射信号特征和小波基函数性质,dB8小波适合提取声发射信号特征;碰摩产生大量声发射信号,大量声发射信号的统计特性蕴涵较多碰摩信息。对不同转速条件下不同检测位置碰摩声发射信号的统计分析表明,声发射信号的功率谱密度集中在100~400 kHz。声发射信号平均幅值、平均能量可作为区分转子碰摩程度特征参数;功率谱主频可作为区分声发射相对位置特征参数,结论与碰摩类型无关。 相似文献
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《Strain》2018,54(4)
When a crack initiates and grows in a metal or composite structure, for example, due to high cycle fatigue, the crack propagation gives rise to acoustic emissions (AE)—ultrasonic waves travelling through the structure. Because the presence and rate of growth of any cracks are important pieces of information about the condition or health of the structure, the monitoring of AE activity using sensors mounted on its surface is a potentially useful technique of structural health monitoring. In tests, acoustic emissions are often simulated by breaking a pencil lead against the surface of the structure in a standardised way (a "Hsu‐Nielsen" source), but the forces that this imparts are not well understood at present. The current paper proposes a new evolutionary optimisation‐based approach to source characterisation. The principle is to introduce a parametrised representation of a general source and then identify the parameters that allow the source to best match responses measured elsewhere on the structure. The predicted responses are modelled using a local interaction simulation approach (LISA) algorithm to simulate the propagation of the ultrasonic waves. The approach is validated here using experiments on AE propagation in thin plate‐like structures, where the ultrasound propagates as Lamb waves. Three separate case studies are proposed here. In the first case, an idealised point source is simulated using laser‐generated ultrasound, and the optimisation algorithm uses a two‐dimensional LISA model. A differential evolution optimisation scheme is used to find the optimal profile of forcing to match the simulation with experiment. In the second case, the two‐dimensional LISA approach is used to characterise the forces associated with standard pencil lead breaks. The final study addresses the full three‐dimensional wave propagation. Because of the computational expense of the latter calculation, the LISA algorithm is implemented using a CUDA graphics card computer system. 相似文献
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Fiber reinforced composite materials have been increasingly used as structural material in airplanes, in space applications, and in robot arms because of their high specific stiffness and strength. Structural design and nondestructive test techniques have evolved as increased emphasis has been placed on the durability and damage tolerance of these materials. There are several methods used to detect damaged regions of composite materials. Acoustic emission is one of these. It is a suitable technique for detection of a wide range of micro-structural failures in composite materials.
In this paper, an AE signal analyzer was designed and fabricated with a resonance circuit to extract the specified frequency of an acoustic emission signal. From the tests that were completed, the disturbance noise levels, such as impact or mechanical vibration, of the fabricated AE signal analyzer had a very small value in comparison to those of the conventional AE signal analyzer. Also, the fabricated AE signal analyzer was proven to have generally the same crack detection capabilities as a conventional AE signal analyzer, under static and dynamic tensile tests of the composite materials. 相似文献
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The Armored Vehicle Launch Bridge (AVLB) is subjected to cyclic loading during launching as well as during tank crossings. The cyclic loading causes cracks to initiate in critical bridge components, and then to propagate. Unless these cracks are detected and repaired before they rapidly grow to reach their critical stage of propagation, the failure of bridge components can occur. Three AVLB components, the splice doubler angle, the splice plate, and the bottom chord, are susceptible to fatigue damage. In the present study, laboratory fatigue tests on the materials used for the components, aluminum 2014-T6, aluminum 7050-T765, and ASTM A36 steel, were conducted using the acoustic emission (AE) fatigue crack monitoring technique. A total of fourteen compact-tension specimens were prepared in this study: six aluminum 2014-T6, four aluminum 7050-T76511, and four ASTM A36 steel specimens. The characteristics of AE signals associated with the stress intensity factor, K, were obtained to understand AE behavior corresponding to the fatigue crack growth in the materials. Several AE parameters, such as AE counts, energy, and hits, have been shown to be useful tools for detecting cracks, providing early warnings, and preventing failure of the AVLB structures. A major jump in AEcount rate as well as AE hit rate occurred when Kmax reached a value of about 30~MPam (27 ksiin.) for aluminum 2014-T6 specimens and about 50 MPam (46 ksiin.) for aluminum 7050-T76511 specimens. Also, AE source location techniques were able to successfully locate the path ofcrack propagation. 相似文献
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为研究钢纤维增强活性粉末混凝土(SF/RPC)复合材料的受弯破坏微观机制,对10根试验梁进行抗弯试验研究。基于声发射技术,采用宽频传感器对试验过程中的声发射信号和波形进行了采集。分析研究了SF/RPC材料的声发射特征参数,在对波形进行信号处理的基础上对波形频谱进行了深入研究。通过传感器之间互相发射和接受信号,对SF/RPC材料的声发射波速进行了测定。同时与普通混凝土(NC)材料声发射特性进行了对比分析研究。结果表明:相同荷载作用下SF/RPC的撞击累计数远大于NC梁,声发射活跃性高于NC材料;预应力SF/RPC梁的声发射特征参数与NC梁有着明显区别,SF/RPC短上升时间段(<30 μs)的声发射撞击平均比例为64.2%,明显高于NC的比例51.2%;SF/RPC材料波形频域特性也与NC材料明显不同;荷载作用前,SF/RPC材料内平均波速为4 342.8 mm/s,NC材料内平均波速为2 337.7 mm/s。通过引入Gutenberg-Richter理论,计算了声发射信号损伤参数(bI),对预应力SF/RPC损伤开裂过程与bI值的关系进行了分析研究。本研究结果为有效识别SF/RPC材料的声发射特性提供试验依据。 相似文献
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轴承的健康状况对旋转机械的工作状况有极大的影响。航空器中的故障轴承会间接造成事故,给飞行安全带来灾难性的后果,需要进行早期故障的有效检测判别或状态监测。与振动等传统的检测手段相比,声发射可有效检测到故障的早期状态,准确判断故障类别和严重程度。介绍了滚动轴承故障声发射检测原理以及光纤光栅声发射检测新技术。以预制外圈缺陷的轴承为例,进行了压电式声发射传感系统和光纤光栅声发射传感系统检测的对比实验,实验和分析结果表明光纤光栅声发射方法检测到的信号谱底噪声小,谱线清晰、干净,更容易分辨故障频率和分析故障的严重程度,优于振动和压电式声发射传感方法。最后介绍该技术在直升机维修保障中的应用情况。 相似文献
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