超临界CO_2流体萃取人参籽油工艺研究

该研究以人参籽为原料,采用超临界CO2流体技术萃取人参籽油。以单因素实验为基础,通过正交试验优化萃取人参籽油工艺参数条件,并测定人参籽油脂肪酸组成。试验结果表明,在萃取压力45 MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间2.5 h、夹带剂用量10%优化工艺条件下,人参籽油得率为48.90%。经检测,人参籽油脂肪酸组成不饱和脂肪酸占99%以上,其中油酸含量极高,可达94.70%。     

西兰花籽油超临界CO2萃取工艺及脂肪酸组成分析

以西兰花籽为原料,采用超临界CO_2萃取西兰花籽油。通过单因素实验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO_2流量、萃取时间和粉碎粒度对西兰花籽油出油率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验优化并确定了超临界CO_2萃取西兰花籽油的最佳工艺,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析西兰花籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:超临界CO_2萃取西兰花籽油的最佳工艺条件为粉碎粒度40目、萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间4 h、CO_2流量7 BV/h。在最佳工艺条件下,西兰花籽出油率为24.03%。西兰花籽油脂肪酸组成主要为芥酸(58.26%)、油酸(23.76%)、亚油酸(8.99%)、棕榈酸(3.56%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为92.36%。     

超临界流体制取火麻籽油的工艺研究

火麻籽油是一种天然优质的养生保健油。为得到品质更好、得率更高的火麻籽油,对火麻籽油进行超临界流体萃取,通过正交试验探讨温度、压力、时间对火麻籽油出油效率的影响,并观察试验所得油脂颜色的变化。综合考虑压力对出油效率和出油品质的影响,得到超临界流体萃取火麻籽油的最优工艺条件为温度45℃、压力30 MPa、时间2 h,此条件下的出油效率88.43%,所得油脂的色泽为黄35红2.0,其中压力对所得油脂的颜色影响最为显著。超临界流体萃取火麻籽油的不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达90.65%,其中亚油酸和亚麻酸质量分数别高达55.55%和25.70%,高于其他工艺方法所制取火麻籽油的相应成分含量。     

超临界CO2萃取燕麦油工艺研究

以燕麦切粒为原料,进行超临界CO_2萃取燕麦油工艺研究及燕麦油品质分析。首先,通过单因素试验探讨各因素对燕麦油萃取率的影响;其次,采用响应面法优化超临界CO_2萃取燕麦油的工艺参数;最后用GC-MS分析燕麦油的脂肪酸组成并进行品质分析。结果表明:超临界CO_2萃取燕麦油的最佳工艺参数为装料量50 g、静态萃取时间74 min、动态萃取时间160 min、萃取压力45MPa、萃取温度50℃,在此工艺条件下燕麦油萃取率可达56.99%;超临界CO_2萃取的燕麦油澄清透明,呈金黄色,具有特殊的麦香味,不饱和脂肪酸含量为87.49%。     

莴苣籽油的超临界CO_2萃取工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析

以莴苣籽为原料,利用超临界CO2对其进行萃取。通过单因素实验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、CO2流量、一次性投料量、粉碎粒度对莴苣籽油得率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验优化了超临界CO2萃取莴苣籽油的最佳工艺,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析其脂肪酸组成。结果表明,超临界CO2萃取莴苣籽油的最佳工艺条件为:一次性投料量50 g,粉碎粒度24目,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度45℃,CO2流量6 L/min和萃取时间4 h。在最佳工艺条件下,莴苣籽油得率为17.92%。莴苣籽油脂肪酸组成主要为亚油酸(56.420%)、油酸(22.562%)、棕榈酸(7.795%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为86.682%。     

超临界CO2法萃取树莓籽油的成分分析

采用超临界CO_2技术萃取树莓籽油,利用GC法测定脂肪酸组成,GC-MS联用法测定甾醇组成,HPLC测定生育酚含量,紫外可见分光光度计测定多酚含量。结果表明:超临界CO_2萃取树莓籽油的平均出油率为17.90%±0.3%;共检测到10种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸相对含量(57.44%)最高,其次是α-亚麻酸(26.58%)、油酸(11.94%)和棕榈酸(2.10%);脂肪伴随物中,共检测出7种甾醇,总甾醇含量为861.85 mg/100 g;γ-生育酚、α-生育酚和δ-生育酚含量分别达到799.248、602.996 mg/kg及13.371 mg/kg;多酚平均含量为(341.19±8.94)mg GAE/kg。此研究为树莓籽油及其他蔷薇科植物油的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

Extraction of Poppy Seed Oil Using Supercritical CO2

ABSTRACT: Extraction of poppy seed oil with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) was performed and the effect of extraction conditions on oil solubility and yield as well as oil composition was evaluated. Within the temperature (50 to 70 °C) and pressure (21 to 55 MPa) ranges studied, 55 MPa/70 °C gave the highest oil solubility (24.1 mg oil/g CO₂) and oil yield (38.7 g oil/100g seed). Fatty acid composition of the oil obtained with SC-CO₂ at 55 MPa/70 °C was similar to that of petroleum ether-extracted oil ( p > 0.05) with linoleic acid making up 69.0 to 73.7% of fatty acids. Tocol content of the SC-CO₂-extracted oils varied from 22.37 to 33.35 mg/100 g oil, which was higher than that of petroleum ether-extracted oil (15.28 mg/100 g oil). Poppy seed oil may have potential in the rapidly growing specialty oil market.     

前处理保护对超临界萃取石榴籽油的影响研究

采取加入不同剂量的V_E及无水乙醇对石榴籽粉进行前处理保护,考察前处理对超临界萃取石榴籽油相关指标及抗氧化性影响。结果表明:石榴籽原料以选择存储时间短、新鲜的石榴籽最好;加V_E后石榴籽油得率和石榴酸、V_E的含量增加;酸值和过氧化值下降;加0.3%V_E处理的石榴籽油抗氧化效率最高,为38.7%;萃取前加入0.3%V_E于石榴籽粉再进行超临界CO2萃取是获得抗氧化性强的石榴籽油的有效方法。     

Dynamic supercritical CO2 extraction for removal of cholesterol from anhydrous milk fat

The feasibility of different extraction techniques for the selective removal of cholesterol from anhydrous milk fat (AMF) by supercritical carbon dioxide has been studied. A dynamic extraction system was used to determine both the experimental solubility of anhydrous milk fat in the supercritical solvent and the selectivity of cholesterol over anhydrous milk fat at 40–70°C and 8–40MPa at various stages during extraction. In addition, adsorbents were used for the selective removal of cholesterol from anhydrous milk fat. The results indicate that a direct extraction alone or with several separators in series are not practical, but a selective removal of 97% of the cholesterol from the extracted anhydrous milk fat is possible by using an adsorbent with recovery of solvent and cholesterol. A schematic industrial countercurrent process for the removal of cholesterol and the fractionation of milk fat is proposed.     

超临界CO2萃取甜瓜籽油工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取甜瓜籽油,在单因素实验的基础上,运用正交实验设计优化工艺条件。结果表明超临界CO2萃取甜瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间5 h,CO2流量8 L/min,甜瓜籽粉碎粒度24目。在最佳条件下,甜瓜籽油得率为29.34%。利用GC-MS对甜瓜籽油脂肪酸组成进行分析,结果表明超临界CO2萃取的甜瓜籽油共鉴定出12种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(10.87%)、硬脂酸(5.57%)为主,不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸(64.29%)、油酸(16.64%)为主。     

龙眼核油的GC-MS分析及其超临界CO_2萃取工艺优化

利用超临界CO2流体萃取龙眼核油,在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验设计,考察萃取压力、萃取温度、解析温度、不同粒度对龙眼核油萃取收率的影响。研究得出最佳萃取条件为萃取温度35℃、解析温度30℃、萃取压力20MPa、龙眼核粒度40～60目,在此条件下龙眼核油萃取收率为4.2%。GC-MS分析表明,龙眼核油中含22种成分,其中主要不饱和脂肪酸为油酸(42.07%),主要饱和脂肪酸为棕榈酸(20.45%)。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取石榴籽油工艺条件的研究

以石榴籽为原料,对超临界CO2流体萃取石榴籽油的工艺条件进行了研究。通过单因素试验,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间对石榴籽油得率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定了超临界CO2流体萃取石榴籽油的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,超临界CO2流体萃取石榴籽油最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力40 MPa,萃取温度55℃,萃取时间80 min,分离釜Ⅰ温度60℃,压力10 MPa,分离釜Ⅱ温度35℃,压力6 MPa。在最佳工艺条件下,石榴籽油得率为18.6%。     

Supercritical CO2 extraction of grappa volatile compounds

A first study on the recovery of aromatic extracts from grappa by means of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) on a laboratory plant has been performed, to obtain aroma extracts at low ethanol content. The influence of extraction parameters like pressure, temperature and flow rate have been studied. Extraction yields have been evaluated for ethanol, higher alcohols and esters of short and medium chain acids. A higher aroma volatile compounds extraction has been obtained when the strongest extraction condition has been considered (200 bar, 60 °C, 0.3 kg h⁻¹). Sensory evaluation has indicated as preferred the extract obtained under mild condition (80 bar, 40 °C, 0.3 kg h⁻¹).     

Reduction in cholesterol and fractionation of butter oil using supercritical CO2 with adsorption on alumina

Cholesterol reduction together with the fractionation of triglycerides in butter oil was obtained using a combined supercritical CO₂ extraction/alumina adsorption process in a high-pressure apparatus that allows the independent control of temperature and pressure. Cholesterol levels in butter oil fractions extracted at 40 °C and 27.6 MPa were reduced from 2.5 to 0.1 mg g⁻¹ of oil. Butter oil was also fractionated into low-, intermediate- or high-molecular-weight triglycerides. This single-stage combined process is a clear indication of the important technological possibilities with a more efficient multistage fractionation followed by the subsequent blending and formation of desired milk fat products. A comparison of solubility data of pure cholesterol in CO₂ with those for cholesterol contained in butter oil revealed the co-solvency effects of triglycerides on the solvation of cholesterol.     

Extraction of sesame seed oil using supercritical CO2 and mathematical modeling

In this work, extraction of sesame oil from sesame seeds using supercritical CO₂ was carried out. The effect of operating parameters such as pressure, temperature, and supercritical CO₂ flow rate and particle size on extraction yield were investigated. An increase in the pressure and the supercritical CO₂ flow rate improved the extraction yield and also shortened the extraction time. The extraction yield increased as the particle size decreased depending on decreasing intraparticle diffusion resistance. The maximum extraction yield obtained was about 85% (relative to Soxhlet extraction by hexane) at 50 °C, 350 bar, 2 mL CO₂/min, 300–600 μm of particle size. Some extraction curves were modeled with two mathematical approaches as shrinking core model and broken and intact core model. The evaluation of model parameters showed that shrinking core model, however, is better than broken and intact cell model.     

龙眼核油的超临界CO2萃取及其抗氧化性研究

对龙眼核油的超临界CO2萃取条件进行了单因素实验研究,并确定了适宜的萃取条件:萃取压力20 MPa、龙眼核粒度60～ 80目、萃取温度40℃、解析温度35℃。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法对龙眼核油进行了成分分析,共检测出22种化合物。研究了龙眼核油对花生油和猪油的抗氧化性,实验结果表明,龙眼核油有较明显的抗氧化活性。     

高压超临界CO2萃取茶籽油、核桃油及灵芝孢子油及其对质量的影响研究

目的：研究高压超临界CO2 萃取茶籽油、核桃油及灵芝孢子油萃取效率及其对产品质量的影响,并与常规萃取压力进行对比。方法：在萃取温度40oC、分离压力11MPa、分离温度50 oC的萃取条件下,对比分析65 MPa、50 MPa和35 MPa的萃取压力条件对三种功能性油脂萃取效率的影响。通过GC-MS、HPLC法及相关理化指标测定,研究高压等不同萃取压力对三种油的脂肪酸组成、营养成分及理化指标等质量的影响。结果：萃取压力对三种油脂的萃取效率有明显的差异,萃取压力越高,收率相应升高,油脂萃取效率也越高;高压等不同萃取压力对油脂脂肪酸组成几乎没有影响,但能显著提高角鲨烯等活性成分的萃取;从理化指标上看,高压萃取条件有助于降低食用油的酸值,提高油脂的品质。     

超声波辅助超临界CO2提取枸杞籽油工艺条件研究

以枸杞籽为原料,采用超声波辅助超临界CO2提取枸杞籽油.以出油率为指标考察超声波处理条件的影响,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优化超声波处理条件.结果表明,在超声波处理温度60℃、功率300 W、时间6 min的条件下,枸杞籽油的出油率可达到22.35%.     

超临界CO_2萃取黑加仑籽油研究

利用超临界CO2萃取技术,对影响黑加仑油萃取工艺条件进行研究,得出最佳工艺条件:投料量300g、萃取温度30℃、萃取压力25MPa,粉碎度50目、萃取时间3.5h;在此条件下黑加仑提油率为90.78%。超临界CO2法得到黑加仑籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量达90%以上,其中γ-亚麻酸含量为15.2%,品质优于溶剂萃取。     

亚临界萃取白果油的工艺条件研究

以白果粉为原料、丁烷为亚临界萃取溶剂、白果出油率为评价指标,分别采用单因素试验和正交试验优化亚临界萃取白果油的工艺条件。结果表明:亚临界萃取白果油的最佳工艺条件为萃取压力0.5 MPa、萃取温度40℃、每次萃取时间60 min、萃取次数3次、料液比1∶6,在此条件下白果出油率为96.16%。亚临界萃取的白果油理化性质测定结果表明,其相对密度为0.922 5,折光指数为(20℃)1.473 7,酸值(KOH)为1.95 mg/g,碘值(I)为156.62 g/100 g,过氧化值为1.46 mmol/kg,皂化值(KOH)为181.19 mg/g。利用气相色谱-质谱分析白果油的脂肪酸组成,共鉴定出6种脂肪酸,主要是油酸(30.25%)、亚油酸(50.04%)、棕榈酸(8.28%)、5,12-十八碳二烯酸(2.34%)、9-十六碳烯酸(4.41%)和5,11,14-二十碳三烯酸(4.67%),其中不饱和脂肪酸占91.71%。