强变形工艺对2519A铝合金组织与性能的影响

通过硬度测试、拉伸性能测试、透射电镜观察等分析手段研究了不同强变形工艺下2519A铝合金的力学性能与微观组织。结果表明,经50%的冷轧变形和165 ℃人工时效后,2519A合金的力学性能明显提高,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为522 MPa、468 MPa和8.5%。而在冷变形前添加165 ℃×2 h预时效处理,合金的力学性能进一步提高,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到535 MPa、497 MPa和8%。预时效处理可以提高合金中θ′相的密度,使析出相分布更加均匀,有助于提高合金的力学性能。     

Effect of large cold deformation on characteristics of age-strengthening of 2024 aluminum alloys

1 Introduction Studies on thermomechanical treatment of aluminum alloy start from 1960s[1,2]. The thermo- mechanical treatment is divided into intermediate thermomechanical treatment(ITMT) and final thermo- mechanical treatment(FTMT) by Russo and his co- …     

拉/压冷变形对2A14铝合金时效强化的影响

利用X射线衍射仪和DSC差热扫描量热仪进行测试,结合铝合金的析出相强化和位错强化理论模型,研究了在固溶-拉/压冷变形-时效过程中2A14铝合金强度的变化规律。结果表明:相比于压缩冷变形,拉伸冷变形引入的位错密度较大,因而位错强化作用更强;拉伸冷变形欠时效阶段(θ相析出之前)促进合金中强化相θ′相的析出,过时效阶段(θ相析出之后)抑制θ相的析出,拉伸冷变形的析出强化效果更好。经过拉伸冷变形的2A14铝合金时效强化效果更加显著。     

Strengthening of aluminium alloy 7005 through imposition of severe plastic deformation supplemented by different ageing treatments

Strengthening of aluminium alloys 7xxx through the imposition of severe plastic deformation supplemented by ageing treatments is a challenge due to the limited workability of these alloys in cold deformation regimes. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the strengthening of aluminium alloy 7005 through the imposition of severe plastic deformation supplemented by two different ageing treatments: pre-deformation artificial ageing or post- deformation natural ageing. For this purpose, microstructure evolutions of the alloy processed through mentioned procedures were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy while the alloy strengthening was evaluated using Vickers hardness measurement. Results show that a superlative strengthening is obtained through the imposition of severe plastic deformation supplemented by post-deformation natural ageing. For instance, the yield strength of the alloy increases to more than 400 MPa, about one-third greater than the counterpart amount after the usual T6 treatment. This superlative strength mainly occurs due to refinement of grains, an increase of dislocation density and an increase of volume fraction of the precipitates that appeared during natural ageing. Considering the applied models, it is inferred that the increase of volume fraction of precipitates that appeared during natural ageing has a determinative role in the strengthening of the alloy.     

固溶处理对7B04铝合金冷轧板组织性能的影响

在实验室中制备了试验用7B04铝合金,经铸造-均质化退火-热轧-中间退火-冷轧后制得7B04铝合金板材,并对合金板材进行了后续固溶时效处理,研究了固溶处理对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明,470 ℃×1 h固溶+120 ℃×21 h时效处理铝合金冷轧板材再结晶明显,有少量晶粒处于伸长状态,除粗大第二相粒子外,未发现细小第二相粒子,综合力学性能较好,抗拉强度为596 MPa,屈服强度为537 MPa,伸长率为14.88%。固溶温度达到480 ℃时,合金再结晶明显,但保温时间不能超过0.5 h,否则合金强度和塑性下降。     

10%冷变形对7A85铝合金时效微观组织性能的影响

采用半连续铸造工艺制备了7A85铝合金铸锭、挤压工艺制备截面尺寸为50mm×300mm的挤压带板,并对挤压带板进行固溶处理、10%冷压缩处理以及120℃人工时效处理。通过TEM观察、力学性能测试等手段,研究了10%冷变形对7A85铝合金时效微观组织演变规律的影响。结果表明,固溶处理后,10%冷变形处理使合金中产生大量位错,从而提高了合金强度;时效初期,10%冷变形处理的7A85合金中析出相数量较未冷变形处理7A85合金明显增多,起到一定预时效作用;时效末期,10%冷变形处理的7A85铝合金析出相与位错数量均高于未冷变形处理的7A85铝合金,使得合金抗拉强度与屈服强度提升,而伸长率降低。     

含有不同尺度量级第二相的高强铝合金拉伸延性模型

基于合金中不同尺度第二相在其断裂过程中的作用机制及位错理论 ,建立了高强铝合金中结晶相、沉淀相以及析出强化相性质与其拉伸延性间的多元非线性关系模型。结果表明对于 2 0 2 4铝合金的拉伸延性 ,该模型的预测值与相应的实验值吻合良好。同时借助于该模型的理论分析 ,可以得到在确保高强铝合金强度不降低的前提下提高其延性的优化方案。     

Double-peak age strengthening of cold-worked 2024 aluminum alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of a 2024 Al alloy subjected to different levels of cold-rolling at room temperature and their evolution upon ageing at 453 K were investigated by means of microhardness measurements, tensile tests and transmission electron microscopy. The cold-worked 2024 Al alloy showed double-peak age strengthening behavior. After ageing for 120 min, the samples reached the first peak strength with quite low ductility. However, simultaneous high strength and ductility were achieved by prolonged ageing of 720 min. The first strengthening peak is due to the precipitation of fine S′ precipitates. The optimized mechanical properties of high strength and suitable ductility are attributed mainly to the precipitation of Ω-phase particles at the expense of S′ precipitates after ageing for 720 min. The Ω precipitates are effective in dislocation pinning and accumulation, and they can undergo plastic deformation to some extent, leading to simultaneously improved tensile strength, work-hardening ability and ductility. The present finding sheds light on the development of processing techniques to optimize the mechanical properties of 2024 Al alloy.     

预变形及时效处理对7055铝合金组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、金相观察、X射线衍射以及TEM观察，研究了7055铝合金固溶处理后，经不同程度冷变形和时效后的力学性能和电导率的变化以及相应的微观组织变化特点。实验结果表明，对于冷变形再T6时效的7055铝合金，随变形量的提高，强度先略有上升，而后缓慢下降。RRA态合金强度随变形量增加而持续下降。随变形量的增加，冷轧态7055铝合金的电导率逐渐下降，而T6和RRA态合金的电导率却逐渐上升。在同样变形量条件下，RRA态合金具有最高的电导率。这些变化与变形引入的位错所产生的晶格畸变以及位错促进粗大平衡相析出有关。     

超塑预处理对2024铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用三种工艺研究了超塑预处理对2024铝合组织和性能的影响.拉伸试验结果表明:超塑预处理后合金的力学性能明显提高,抗拉强度均在572 N/mm2以上,最高达到580 N/mm2,相应的伸长率也在9.1%以上.比2024铝合金的T62状态的抗拉强度(440 N/mm2)和伸长率(5%)分别提高32%和80%.但时效时间不少于60 min,合金的力学性能急剧降低.     

Correlation of the aging characteristics and deformation behavior of A357 alloy

The mechanical properties, microstructures, and deformation behavior for a cast Al-7Si-Mg casting alloy A357 under various aging conditions have been investigated in the present paper. It is shown that the combination of strength properties and elongation varies with aging parameters. Aging at 165 °C gives the optimum balance of strength and ductility. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation shows that, in the underaged conditions in which Guinier-Preston (GP) zones are formed, the tensile deformation involves dislocations, which cut through the GP zones. Planar slip bands can be seen in the deformed substructures, and the slip bands coarsen with increasing aging temperature or time. In the overaged conditions in which β phases precipitate, the dislocations bypass precipitates and distribute uniformly, except some dislocation tangles around coarser precipitates. When the interaction mode between dislocations and particles changes from shearing to bypassing, the deformation homogeneity greatly increases for the castings with fine β precipitates, which may explain the significant secondary elongation behavior. Based on these studies, a step overaging treatment has been used to improve the overall tensile properties.     

V-5Cr-5Ti合金的拉伸性能及其强化机理

对真空熔炼V-5Cr-5Ti合金开展了均匀化退火、热锻开坯、冷轧变形和热处理实验,利用万能试验机、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究了V-5Cr-5Ti合金中析出相对力学性能影响,估算了V-5Cr-5Ti合金中析出相强化的效果。结果表明：铸态V-5Cr-5Ti合金存在以片层状析出相为特征的树枝状析出相,合金均匀化退火后析出相由片层状转化为针状,由树枝状转化成团聚状。析出相在变形过程中破碎成短条状或球状颗粒。铸态合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的平均值分别为505.0 MPa、415.0 MPa和8.2%,断裂机制为脆性的解理断裂。均匀化热处理后断裂机制转变为沿晶断裂和准解离断裂共存的混合型断裂。80%冷变形＋热处理后合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的平均值分别为487.3 MPa、382.7 MPa和26.2%,由于晶粒及析出相形态的变化,合金塑性得到大幅改善。锻造和冷轧后合金断裂机制为韧性的微孔型断裂。析出相以Orowan强化机制增强V-5Cr-5Ti合金,以80%冷轧1000 ℃/1 h退火状态合金为例,由析出相强化获得的屈服强度增量约为50.1 MPa。     

Effect of two-step severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial purity titanium

The present work investigates the microstructural and mechanical properties of commercial purity titanium after processing by a two-step severe plastic deformation procedure entailing warm equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) followed by cold rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT). The effect of subsequent cold rolling at room temperature is also investigated for comparison. After 10 passes of ECAP, an ultrafine-grained structure with average grain size of 213 nm was achieved. Subsequent cold rolling at LNT led to further refinement and decreased the grain size to 114 nm. Under these conditions, the material displayed high tensile strength of 995 MPa and high elongation to failure of 23%. These promising mechanical properties were interpreted in terms of characteristics of the microstructure: grain refinement, increased dislocation density, and a high fraction of high angle grain boundaries.     

添加微量Er、Zr对ZL205A合金组织性能的影响

通过向ZL205A合金中分别添加质量分数为0.05%,0.15%和0.25%的Er、Zr元素,研究了不同含量稀土元素在热处理前后对合金微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,添加微量Er、Zr元素可以有效改善液态合金的流动性,细化晶粒,并促进θ相在晶界交汇处团聚;当Er、Zr添加量为0.15%时,铸态材料的力学性能较原始合金有大幅度降低,而T5处理后强度达到358 MPa,维氏硬度达到1070 MPa,延伸率2%,综合性能相对最好;T5处理能够促使合金组织和成分均匀,同时使溶质原子充分扩散,在变形过程中阻碍位错运动和亚晶界的迁移,对延伸率造成不利影响。     

二级时效温度对7B04-T74铝合金薄板组织及性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、透射电镜组织分析手段和室温拉伸、电导率、剥落腐蚀、疲劳极限性能测试方法,研究了二级时效温度对7B04-T74合金2 mm厚薄板组织与性能的影响。结果表明:二级时效温度由165 ℃逐渐升高至175 ℃时,7B04-T74合金晶粒组织特征没有明显变化,晶内析出相数量减少且尺寸增加,晶界析出相粗大且断续分布;7B04-T74态铝合金薄板的室温拉伸抗拉强度、屈服强度明显降低,其伸长率无明显变化,电导率明显提升,剥落腐蚀级别无明显变化趋势。通过对比不同二级时效温度下7B04铝合金的组织与性能测试结果可知,7B04合金2 mm厚薄板由退火状态到T74状态的最优二级时效温度为173 ℃。     

Creep aging behavior of retrogression and re-aged 7150 aluminum alloy

Creep aging behavior of retrogression and re-aged (RRAed) 7150 aluminum alloy (AA7150) was systematically investigated using the creep aging experiments, mechanical properties tests, electrical conductivity tests and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations. Creep aging results show that the steady-state creep mechanism of RRAed alloys is mainly dislocation climb (stress exponent≈5.8), which is insensitive to the grain interior and boundary precipitates. However, the total creep deformation increases over the re-aging time. In addition, the yield strength and tensile strength of the four RRAed samples are essentially the same after creep aging at 140 °C for 16 h, but the elongation decreases slightly with the re-aging time. What's more, the retrogression and re-aging treatment are beneficial to increase the hardness and electrical conductivity of the creep-aged 7150 aluminum alloy. It can be concluded that the retrogression and re-aging treatment before creep aging forming process can improve the microstructure within grain and at grain boundary, forming efficiency and comprehensive performance of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of 7150 aluminum alloy.     

Improving the Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Ag-Zr Alloy via Pre-Strain and Two-Stage Ageing

In this study, we investigated the effects of single-stage ageing (SSA), two-stage ageing (TSA), 2% pre-strain + single-stage ageing (P2%SSA) and 2% pre-strain + two-stage ageing (P2%TSA) on the mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg–8Gd–3Y–0.5Ag–0.5Zr alloy (E alloy). Compared with the SSA treatment, the TSA treatment increased the number density of $\beta ^{\prime}$ phase. The P2%SSA and P2%TSA treatments generated the $\gamma ^{\prime}$ phase and chain-like precipitates in addition to the $\beta ^{\prime}$ phase. The contributions of these ageing treatments to the alloy strengthening can be ranked as P2%TSA > P2%SSA > TSA > SSA, because the increments in the tensile yield strength were estimated to be 199 MPa > 148 MPa > 144 MPa > 110 MPa. Different from the traditional strengthening of $\beta ^{\prime}$ phase in the E + SSA and E + TSA alloys, the composite precipitates comprising the $\beta ^{\prime}$ phase, $\gamma ^{\prime}$ phase and chain-like precipitates in the E + P2%SSA and E + P2%TSA alloys provided better combined strengthening effect. The $\beta ^{\prime}$ phase was still dominated in the strengthening effect of the composite precipitates. Owing to the higher number density of $\beta ^{\prime}$ phase in the composite precipitates, the E + P2%TSA alloy exhibited the better mechanical performance as compared with the E + P2%SSA alloy. Finally, the E + P2%TSA alloy had the ultimate tensile strength of 452 MPa, the tensile yield strength of 401 MPa and elongation to failure of 3.3%.     

Semi-solid near-net shape rheocasting of heat treatable wrought aluminum alloys

Flexibility of the CSIR-RCS, induction stirring with simultaneous air cooling process, in combination with high pressure die casting is successfully demonstrated by semi-solid rheocasting of plates performed on commercial 2024, 6082 and 7075 wrought aluminum alloys. Tensile properties were measured for the above mentioned rheocast wrought aluminum alloys in the T6 condition. The results showed that tensile properties were close to or even in some cases exceeded the minimum specifications. The yield strength and elongation of rheocast 2024-T6 exceeded the minimum requirements of the wrought alloy in the T6 condition but the ultimate tensile strength achieved only 90% of the specification because the Mg content of the starting alloy was below the commercial alloy specification. The strengths of rheocast 6082-T6 exceeded all of the wrought alloy T6 strength targets but the elongation only managed 36% of the required minimum due to porosity, caused by incipient melting during solution heat treatment, and the presence of fine intermetallic needles in the eutectic. The yield strength of rheocast 7075 exceeded the required one and the ultimate tensile strength also managed 97% of the specification; while the elongation only reached 46% of the minimum requirement also due to incipient melting porosity caused during the solution heat treatment process.     

Electrical conductivity and tensile properties of severely cold-worked Cu-P based alloy sheets

The electrical conductivity of Cu-P based sheet alloys tended to decease with increase of the total amount of final cold rolling, while alloy tensile strength proportionally increased. When the cold rolling was carried out at an extremely low temperature, the tensile strength was more remarkably increased, even though the degree of reduced conductivity was generally similar to that found in the ordinary cold rolling process. It is well known that strain hardening reduces the electrical conductivity of pure Cu and Cu alloys; however, in this work it is reported that the degree of reduction is apparently larger than previously thought. TEM analysis revealed that various fine P-containing precipitates were formed in the experimental alloys. The unstable interface between the coarse P-containing precipitates and the Cu matrix is postulated to be responsible for the significant drop of conductivity.     

喷射共沉积SiC_p/2024复合材料的显微组织与力学性能

利用喷射共沉积-热挤压-轧制工艺制备SiC_p/2024复合材料板材.研究该复合材料轧板热处理后的显微组织及力学性能,并确定其最佳的热处理工艺条件.结果表明:轧制态复合材料组织细小均匀,晶粒尺寸为3～4 μm,SiC颗粒均匀分布在基体合金中;采用490 ℃、1 h固溶处理和170 ℃、8 h时效后,SiC_p/2024复合材料轧板的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为480 MPa、358 MPa和6.4%,基体合金中存在大量细小的第二相颗粒,为Al_2MgCu及Al_2Cu相;峰时效状态时复合材料的布氏硬度值为228 HB,与轧板原始硬度相比较增幅达130%;喷射共沉积SiC_p/2024复合材料轧板到达峰时效时间比铸造2024铝合金的短,这主要是因为喷射沉积基体合金内细小均匀的晶粒组织、基体合金内高密度的位错组态以及SiC颗粒的引入,均有利于沉淀相的提前析出.