铝双辊连续铸轧凝固微观组织的数值模拟(英文)

在研究双辊连铸纯铝薄带凝固过程的基础上,基于金属凝固的基本原理,并运用现代计算机仿真技术建立双辊连续铸轧纯铝薄带凝固的异质形核,枝晶尖端的生长动力学(KGT),柱状晶向等轴晶生长的转变(CET)的解析模型;建立基于元胞自动机(CA)的双辊连铸纯铝薄带凝固组织的仿真模型,为双辊连铸薄带凝固组织的仿真模拟奠定基础,从而为双辊薄带连铸工艺提供一定的理论指导。同时,利用双辊薄带连续铸轧纯铝凝固微观组织过程验证数学模拟的可行性。     

双辊薄带连铸凝固组织模拟微观模型的验证

以双辊薄带连续铸轧工艺凝固过程为基础,基于金属凝固的基本原理,并运用现代计算机仿真技术建立了双辊薄带连铸凝固过程的异质形核、修正的枝晶尖端生长动力学、柱状晶向等轴晶生长转变(CET)的解析模型以及基于元胞自动机(CA)的双辊薄带连续铸轧凝固组织的仿真模型,为双辊薄带连续铸轧凝固组织形成的仿真模拟奠定了基础,同时利用铝合金双辊薄带连续铸轧组织凝固过程验证了数学模拟的可行性。结果表明:可用建立的数学模型模拟预测铸轧工艺参数对双辊连续铸轧薄带凝固组织的影响。     

双辊连铸铝合金薄带凝固组织模拟的微观模型

在研究双辊连铸铝合金薄带工艺凝固过程的基础上,运用金属凝固的基本原理,并运用现代计算机仿真技术,建立了双辊连铸铝合金薄带凝固的异质形核、枝晶尖端的生长动力学、柱状晶向等轴晶转变(CET)的解析模型,同时建立了基于元胞自动机(CA)的双辊连铸铝合金薄带凝固组织的仿真模型,为双辊连铸薄带凝固组织形成的仿真模拟奠定了基础.     

Microstructure of aluminum twin-roll casting based on Cellular Automation

Nucleation and growth model based on Cellular Automation（CA） incorporated with macro heat transfer calculation was presented to simulate the microstructure of aluminum twin-roll casting. The dynamics model of dendrite tip （KGT model） was amended in view of characteristics of aluminum twin-roll casting. Through the numerical simulation on solidification structure under different casting speeds, it can be seen that when the casting speed is 1.3 m/min, that is, under conditions of conventional roll casting, coarse columnar grains dominate the solidification structure, and equiaxed grains exist in the center of aluminum strip. When the casting speed continuously increases to 8 m/min, that is, under the conditions of thin-gauge high-speed casting, columnar grains in solidification structure all convert into equiaxed grains. Experimental and numerical results agree well.     

铸造速度对双辊薄带凝固组织影响的模拟预测

利用已建立的理论数学模型,以1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢为研究对象,模拟预测了在薄带厚度保持不变条件下铸造速度对薄带凝固组织中柱状晶区比例、柱状枝晶间距和取向度的影响规律.结果表明:随着铸造速度增大,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢双辊薄带凝固组织中柱状晶区比例首先增大,然后又逐渐减小.而柱状枝晶取向度和枝晶间距则随着铸造速度的增大而减小,但在较快的铸造速度条件下,柱状枝晶间距在凝固结束时有突然增大的趋势.     

Continuous fabrication of bulk amorphous alloy sheets by twin-roll strip casting

Twin-roll strip casting was utilized to fabricate the sheet products of Zr- and Cu-base bulk amorphous alloys with quite different glass forming abilities (GFAs). Simulation of the solidification behavior of the these amorphous forming alloys during twin-roll strip casting shows that suitable cooling rate can be achieved by twin-roll strip casting to form amorphous structure through the thickness of sheet. Optimum twin-roll strip casting conditions have been suggested based on the simulation results. Actual twin-roll strip casting shows that both Zr-base alloy with high GFA and Cu-base alloy with much less GFA can be strip cast forming amorphous structure. The results indicate that the twin-roll strip casting is a viable process for continuous fabrication of sheets of bulk amorphous alloys with a wide range of critical cooling rates.     

Simulation of Grain Growth during Solidification of Twin-Roll Continuously Cast Pure Aluminum with a Modified CA Model

基于枝晶生长的基本传输过程和元胞自动机(Cellular Automaton,简称CA)-有限元(Finite Element,简称FE)模型基本原理,建立了适应双辊连续铸轧纯铝薄带工艺特点的凝固过程形核和晶体生长的数学模型。模型耦合了宏观温度场和微观组织模拟计算,考虑了溶质扩散、曲率过冷和潜热释放等重要因素的影响,能够模拟凝固过程中枝晶生长的形态。应用本模型对双辊连续铸轧纯铝薄带凝固过程中等轴晶生长、等轴晶多晶粒生长及柱状晶生长、柱状晶向等轴晶演化进行模拟并与实验结果进行对比,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好     

双辊薄带连铸过程温度场计算模型的建立及验证

以热焙法处理结晶潜热和以假设的流线边界划分网格节点，建立了双辊薄带凝固过程的温度场计算模型，实现了对双辊薄带连铸过程温度分布的定量描述。实验验证表明：该数学模型预测的温度与实测值基本吻合．说明所建温度场计算模型是可靠的，可用此模型研究工艺参数变化对薄带连铸过程中温度场的影响规律。     

Microstructure and solidification thermal parameters in thin strip continuous casting of a stainless steel

The present work focuses on the relationships between solidification thermal parameters and the dendritic microstructure of an AISI 304 stainless steel solidified both in a strip casting pilot equipment (twin-roll) and in a directional solidification simulator. Experimental studies were conducted with a stainless steel strip casting obtained in a twin-roll continuous caster pilot equipment and in samples solidified in a directional solidification simulator with two different melt superheats. In both cases, the surface of the substrates was similar, with mean surface roughness of about 0.3 μm. After solidification, the specimens were cut at different positions from the metal/mold interface and etched for metallographic examination. An empirical equation from the literature relating secondary dendrite arm spacing and cooling rates was used to demonstrate the similarity of the cooling efficiency. The results have shown that the simulator can be used in the determination of transient metal/mold interface coefficients (h_i) and in the preprogramming of the strip casting operational conditions as a function of roll materials and surface roughness.     

Thermomechanical Treatment of High-Shear Melt-Conditioned Twin-Roll Cast Strip of Recycled AA5754 Alloy

JOM - A continuous high-shear melt conditioning twin-roll casting process has been developed for production of recycled aluminum alloy strip with minimum casting defects. High-shear melt...     

镁合金双辊薄带连铸技术的研究现状及进展

双辊薄带连铸技术作为一种有潜力的镁合金板带材生产技术,其研究开发正受到国内外的关注。本文总结了镁合金双辊薄带连铸技术的研究概况,尤其是镁合金双辊薄带连铸工艺开发、薄带组织和性能研究以及薄带凝固过程的数值模拟等方面取得的进展,指出了该技术目前还存在的问题,并对今后的发展进行了展望。     

镁合金铸轧凝固层焊合点控制及工艺优化

结合镁合金铸轧工艺特点,分析镁合金板坯铸轧过程中凝固层焊合点位置与板坯缺陷的影响规律;针对板坯厚度、铸轧区长度及铸轧速度等关键参数,简化凝壳径向生长及凝固前沿周向转动过程,确定铸轧速度匹配范围,建立凝固层焊合点位置控制模型,并通过工艺试验对控制模型进行验证.结果表明通过理论模型确定工艺匹配范围,可稳定并优化镁合金铸轧工艺,大幅度降低铸轧板坯宏观缺陷,获得表面光洁、质量良好的镁合金铸轧板坯.     

双辊连续铸轧凝固过程数学模型的建立及验证

以等价比热容法处理结晶潜热和以假设的流线边界划分网格节点,建立了双辊连铸薄带凝固过程的宏观速度场、传热、溶质传输和凝固组织形成的微观数学模型以及双辊连铸薄带凝固过程的宏观-微观耦合数学模型.同时,以固相率为媒介,采用宏微观不同的网格尺寸和时间步长,实现了宏观模型与微观模型的耦合,并对建立的双辊连铸薄带凝固组织形成的数学模型进行了验证.     

AZ31镁合金薄带立式双辊铸轧试验研究

利用近终形双辊铸轧薄带新工艺快速凝固、动态直接成形的特点,直接制备镁合金薄带坯。研究了镁合金立式铸轧成形工艺及退火工艺,分析了不同工艺下的微观组织。结果表明:采用铸轧工艺很好的解决了坯料成形问题,同时细化晶粒,提高镁合金薄带坯的加工成形性能。经400℃,60 min退火,可以获得平均直径9～10μm分布均匀的等轴细晶组织。     

采用CA-FE法模拟双辊连铸纯铝凝固微观组织

使用有限元软件Procast中的元胞自动机-有限元模型,建立了一个模拟双辊连续铸轧纯铝凝固微观组织形成的随机性模型.综合考虑了溶质再分配、界面曲率、晶粒择优生长的作用,基于有限元建立了宏观温度场计算和一个改进的元胞自动机模型.采用基于高斯分布的连续性形核模型,辊面和熔体内部的形核分别采用两种形核分布函数;枝晶尖端生长速度采用与局部过冷度有关的修正KGT模型.利用软件计算结果模拟了不同浇注温度和熔液内部平均形核过冷度对凝固微观组织形成的影响.     

结晶器喂钢带连铸坯凝固过程的数学模拟

利用旅行薄片微元体能量守恒原理,引入喂钢带相对速度参量,发展了连铸凝固旅行薄片数学模型.采用有限体积法,用Visual Basic语言独立编制源码模拟程序,并对一典型喂钢带的连铸工艺进行模拟分析,得到了连铸坯温度分布和喂进钢带凝固状态的曲线.结果证明,喂进钢带改变了结晶器内温度场的分布和传统的由表及里凝固方式,钢带在结晶器内先凝固后熔化,降低了钢水过热度和铸坯断面温度梯度,使得温度分布更有利于等轴晶结晶过程的进行,有利于铸坯断面形核率的提高.同时该模型也给出了钢带尺寸、拉速和过热度等参数对连铸坯凝固过程的影响.     

浇注温度对双辊薄带凝固组织影响的模拟预测

在已建立的理论数学模型的基础上，以1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢为研究对象，模拟预测了在薄带厚度保持不变条件下浇注温度对薄带凝固组织中柱状晶区比例、柱状枝晶间距和取向度的影响规律。结果表明：随着浇注温度升高，1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢双辊薄带凝固组织中柱状晶区比例首先增大，然后又逐渐减小。而柱状枝晶取向度和枝晶间距则随着浇注温度的升高而减小，但在较高的浇注温度条件下，柱状枝晶问距在凝固结束时有突然增大的趋势。     

Producing thin strips by twin-roll casting—part I: Process aspects and quality issues

This two-part paper discusses recent advances in research and development for the direct production of coilable thin strips by twin-roll casting in both the aluminum and steel industries. While the former is empowering the casters to approach the theoretical productivity limit, the latter is striving to put pilot casters into commercial operation. These intensive R&D efforts are derived from the advantages, both economic and metallurgical, offered by the process. As twin-roll casting combines solidification and hot rolling into a single operation, the process requires low capital investment and low operational cost. Also, because of the high solidification rate attained in the process, the thin strips produced have a refined metallurgical structure, characterized by columnar and equiaxed zones with fine intermetallic particles. The enthusiasm about twin-roll casting is now being spread worldwide. This paper focuses on the process aspects and quality control of twin-roll casting. Part II, which will appear in the August issue, will review process modeling and pilot-plant development activities.     

Analysis about forming mechanism of equiaxed crystal zone for 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel twin-roll thin strip

Based on a simple macro/micro mathematical model developed in this paper and its predicted results, the forming mechanism of equiaxed crystal zone for 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel twin-roll thin strip is investigated and analyzed. In the developed model, the latent heat is treated with the enthalpy method, the grid and nodes are divided by the assumed streamlines. Moreover, the heterogeneous nucleation and columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) models are also introduced, together with the revising of dendrite growth dynamic model of Kurz–Giovanola–Trivedi (KGT). Finally, with the help of solid fraction, the coupling of macro/micro models is realized by using different grid-sizes and time-steps, macro and micro, together with the columnar dendrite front tracing. The predicted results of mathematical models indicate that, regardless of the solidification types (semi-solid, rolling or ideal type) of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel thin strip, the thin strips include the equiaxed crystal zone. The forming of equiaxed crystal zone is possibly related to the following mechanisms: (1) the sedimentation and accumulation of free crystals floating in molten pool onto the dendrites solidification fronts and the accumulated crystals growth and (2) the suppression of the growth of dendritic solidification front and preferential growth of fine free crystals in unsolidified layer near the strip center by the abrupt decrease in the heat transfer coefficient on the strip surface after leaving the minimum gap between the rolls.     

3004铝合金铸轧带坯生产实践

生产易拉罐料用的3004铝合金带坯,大多数是用热轧法生产的,用铸轧法生产的难度较大,但是热轧法的加工费是铸轧法的两倍多,因此开发铸轧法生产3004铝合金带坯的技术,具有很大的经济效益和节能效益。采用Φ1003mm×1 900 mm国产双驱动倾斜式铸轧机试生产3004铝合金带坯,通过试验性生产,摸索出了3004铝合金带坯的铸轧生产技术和工艺参数,并稳定批量地给一家生产易拉罐料的铝加工厂供给合格的3004铝合金铸轧带坯。