PNPMI-b-P4VP-ZnS纳米复合物的RAFT合成及其光学性质可控性

以N-苯基马来酰亚胺（NPMI）和4-乙烯基吡啶-醋酸锌配合物（4VP-Zn（Ac）2）为单体,用可逆断裂链转移聚合（RAFT）方法合成了两亲性聚（N-苯基马来酰亚胺）-b-聚（4-乙烯基吡啶）-ZnS（PNPMI-b-P4VP-ZnS）高分子纳米复合物（PNCs）,用核磁共振（NMR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜...     

N-(苯并环丁烯-4-基)马来酰亚胺的制备及热稳定性

对N-(苯并环丁烯-4-基)马来酰亚胺原有文献的合成方法进行了改进,在温和条件下使该单体产率有所提高。研究了该单体分别与苯乙烯和N-苯基马来酰亚胺在溶液中的二元共聚反应,对所得的共聚物进行表征,并对其热性能进行了分析。结果表明,N-(苯并环丁烯-4-基)马来酰亚胺的均聚物具有很高的热分解温度,初始分解温度为400℃,480℃的热失重仅为10%,将其与苯乙烯共聚可显著提高苯乙烯的耐热性,有望用于高性能复合材料的树脂基体。     

二亚胺镍配合物催化乙烯/4-乙烯基吡啶的共聚合

以N,N-二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)苊二亚胺氯化镍(NiLCl2)为主催化剂,AlEt2Cl为助催化剂,催化乙烯与4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)共聚合。研究结果表明,在一定条件下,该催化体系可以催化乙烯与4-乙烯基吡啶共聚合。极性单体的浓度对共聚合反应活性、共聚物的组成等有很大的影响,随着4-乙烯基吡啶浓度的增加,参与共聚的乙烯迅速减少,4-乙烯基吡啶均聚增加。最佳反应条件是单体浓度为0.46mol/L、n(Al)/n(Ni)为600、温度为30℃,这时共聚合催化活性达到19.7 kg/mol Ni.h,共聚物中4-乙烯基吡啶的摩尔百分数可达4.2%。     

含氰基的N-取代苯基马来酰亚胺的合成及性能

合成了N-[4-(4-邻苯二甲腈基)苯氧基]马来酰亚胺(1)和N-[4-(3-邻苯二甲腈基)苯氧基]马来酰亚胺(2)两种含氰基的N-取代苯基马来酰亚胺化合物。用FT-IR,1H-NMR和EA对其结构进行了确认。利用DSC和TGA等手段,初步研究了1和2的热行为。DSC研究结果显示:1和2发生马来酰亚胺双键的热自由基聚合反应峰比传统化合物二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺(BMI)高;TGA研究结果表明,在氮气氛下305℃前,1和2热失重,800℃的残炭率高于BMI,分别达到了50%和57%,证明分子结构中引入腈基可有效降低马来酰亚胺在高温下的热分解引起的热失重,提高材料的耐热性能。     

基于RAFT过程的N-(4-羧基苯基)马来酰亚胺和苯乙烯可控自由基共聚合

采用N-(4-羧基苯基)马来酰亚胺为单体,四氢呋喃做溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,以RAFT试剂二硫代苯甲酸苄酯为链转移剂,成功地进行了N-(4-羧基苯基)马来酰亚胺和苯乙烯的共聚合反应。结果表明,得到的聚合物数均分子量随单体转化率增加而呈线性增加,且聚合物的分子量分布小于1.5,二硫代苯甲酸苄酯显示出对聚合反应的良好控制作用。通过不同反应温度的聚合反应动力学得到共聚合反应的表观活化能为1.39 kJ/mol。     

聚离子复合物胶束的制备及其对辅酶A的控制释放

用RAFT活性可控聚合法合成了全水亲性嵌段共聚物聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)-b-聚(2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)(PVP-b-PAMPS)和聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)-b-聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PVP-b-PD-MAEMA).二者在水溶液中复合即可形成聚离子复合物(PIC)胶束,并利用动态光散射法(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了该胶束的粒径、粒径分布以及形貌.研究结果表明,所制备的胶束外形大致呈球状,粒径在155nm左右,且粒径分布较窄.以辅酶A为模型分子,负载在胶束内进行药物控制释放.研究结果表明,辅酶A的释放受溶液pH的影响,该聚离子复合物胶束可以用作药物控释载体.     

二亚胺镍配合物/烷基铝催化4-乙烯基吡啶的聚合

制备了N,N-二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)苊二亚胺氯化镍,与A lE t2C l组成催化体系,催化4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)的聚合。研究表明,该催化体系可以有效地催化4-乙烯基吡啶聚合,并具有较高的活性,聚合条件如单体浓度、铝镍摩尔比、聚合温度和聚合时间等对4-乙烯基吡啶的聚合反应活性有较大的影响。最佳反应条件是单体浓度为0.6 m o l/L、n(A l)/n(N i)为800、温度为30℃,这时催化活性达到47.2 kg P(4-VP)/m o l N i.h。     

N-苯基马来酰亚胺-马来酸酐的合成及对尼龙6耐热性能的影响

利用溶液聚合法合成了一种耐热改性剂N-苯基马来酰亚胺-马来酸酐二元共聚物(NMA)。采用红外光谱对其结构进行表征,并通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙6/N-苯基马来酰亚胺-马来酸酐共混物(PA6/NMA),且通过扫描电镜、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、热变形试验机及旋转流变仪对共混物耐热性能进行研究。红外光谱分析证实NMA中N-苯基马来酰亚胺(N-PMI)含量随N-PMI投料量的增加而增加;差示扫描量热分析和热重分析表明经NMA改性后的PA6的熔融温度与结晶度下降,热稳定性大幅提高;随着NMA中N-PMI含量降低,共混物热变形温度及力学性能先降低后升高;扫描电镜与旋转流变测试均表明PA6与NMA两相间的粘合作用随N-PMI含量的降低而增大。     

N-(苯并环丁烯-4-基)马来酰亚胺的Diels-Alder反应及聚合物热稳定性

对N-(苯并环丁烯-4-基)马来酰亚胺(NBCBMI)单体在热引发下发生的Diels-Alder反应进行了初步探索,研究了该单体和苯乙烯(St)及N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)的自由基共聚物分别与NPMI发生的Diels-Alder反应,并对聚合物结构进行了表征分析。通过热重分析研究了Diels-Alder反应前后聚合物热稳定性的变化。结果表明,聚合物DANBCBMI初始分解温度约为500℃,600℃的热失重仅为32.21%,比NBCBMI自由基聚合产物PNB-CBMI的热稳定性有显著提高,而共聚物在发生Diels-Alder反应后的溶解性下降,但热稳定性有一定提高。     

新型聚合物NSMA的热性能及热降解动力学

采用差示扫描量热仪和红外光谱仪研究了N-苯基马来酰亚胺、苯乙烯和马来酸酐三元共聚物(NSMA)的热性能,热降解过程和热降解动力学.结果表明,N-苯基马来酰亚胺可以有效地提高聚合物的热性能,合成的NSMA的玻璃化温度(Tg)达212℃;用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法求得的NSMA热降解表观活化能为186.31kJ/mol,由Crane法求得热降解的反应级数n=1.0.     

Synthesis of polystyrene,poly(styrene/4-vinylpyridine), poly(p-nitrostyrene) and poly(p-aminostyrene)-coated silica and their extraction capabilities for amphetamine

Several novel organic–inorganic hybrid materials, including polystyrene-coated silica (SG-PS), poly(styrene/4-vinylpyridine)-coated silica (SG-PVP), poly(p-nitrostyrene)-coated silica (SG-PS-NO₂) and poly(p-aminostyrene)-coated silica (SG-PS-NH₂), were synthesized in order to improve the extraction methods of harmful stimulants via solid phase extraction. The materials were characterized using infrared spectra (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The application of the new materials in solid phase extraction columns to extract methamphetamine revealed that the extraction capability of poly(styrene/4-vinylpyridine)-coated silica is the best among the four materials, which provides novel supporter materials for extracting amphetamine-derived drugs.     

聚4-乙烯基吡啶微凝胶的绿色合成

以4-乙烯基吡啶为单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,在超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)中,通过沉淀聚合方法制备了交联聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)的干燥粉末。考察了反应体系的引发剂浓度、交联剂浓度、反应压力、反应时间等因素对聚合反应的影响。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对聚合物组成及形貌进行了表征。实验表明,反应压力为14MPa,温度为70℃时,在适当交联剂用量下,可获得粒径约为0.5μm-1μm的干燥粉末,所得聚合物的产率大于90%。     

Solvent-induced transition of hollow sphere to giant-tube from amphiphilic rod-coil-rod triblock copolymers of 2-vinylpyridine and n-hexyl isocyanate

The effect of solvent compositions on the micellization behaviors of amphiphilic poly(n-hexyl isocyanate)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC-b-P2VP-b-PHIC) rod-coil-rod triblock copolymer was studied. In absolute methanol the block copolymer formed hollow spherical micelles. These micelles transformed into giant-tubes by simply changing the solvent composition. With 20% THF in CH3OH hollow spheres got interconnected and formed species that are precursors of the giant tubes. When the composition of THF reached 50-70%, long giant tubes are formed. Further increasing THF content in the mixed solvent, fragmentation of the wall of the tubes was observed. In absolute THF, which is the common solvent for both the blocks, the usual phase separation occurred. TEM image of the giant tubes stained with iodine showed that the core of the tubes is made from PHIC rod block.     

端氨基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

以聚乙二醇为原料,采用四步反应,合成了二碳酸二叔丁酯单保护的氨基聚乙二醇(BOC-PEG-NH2);并以DOe-PEG-NH2为引发剂,引发丙交酯开环聚合,得到了叔丁氧基酰胺基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(BOC-PEG-PLA).在三氟乙酸二氯甲烷溶液中,脱去保护基团,得到了端氨基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(NH2-PEG-PLA).采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、紫外光度仪(UV)表征各聚合物的结构,由凝胶色谱仪(GPC)测定嵌段共聚物的分子量以及分子量分布.结果表明:合成的氨基引发在无催化剂条件下能够引发丙交酯开环聚合,制得分子量高、分子量分布窄的双亲性共聚物.通过三氟乙酸脱保护得到了端氨基聚乙二醇-一聚乳酸(NH2-PEG-PLA),且对分子量没有影响.     

SiO_2包覆P(St-4VP)纳米复合粒子的制备与表征

使用功能化的共单体4-乙烯基吡啶(4VP)与苯乙烯共聚,合成了聚(苯乙烯-共-4-乙烯基吡啶)(P(St-4VP))粒子。在NH_4OH/乙醇碱性介质中,溶胶-凝胶法生成的SiO_2纳米粒子包覆在P(St-4VP)粒子表面,得到SiO_2包覆P(St-4VP)纳米复合粒子。随4VP组分增加,所制备的P(St-4VP)/SiO_2纳米复合粒子的壳层表面变得粗糙。P(St-4VP)粒子数随PVP用量增加而增加,因此纳米复合粒子的平均尺寸随PVP用量增加而下降,同时随PVP用量增加形成较平滑的SiO_2壳层。NH_4OH和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)用量增加,复合粒子的SiO_2壳层表面粗糙程度提高。此外,复合粒子的SiO_2壳层厚度随TEOS用量增加而增加。     

Optical properties of the synthetic nanocomposites SiO2/CdS/poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) and SiO2/CdS/poly(styrene-co-maleimide)

Hybrid materials consisting of SiO2/CdS particles dispersed in poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) and poly(styrene-co-maleimide) have been synthesized and characterized. The polymer nanocomposites were synthesised in situ in the presence of previously prepared inorganic fillers (SiO2/CdS). The nanocomposites were synthesized with the use of as-prepared or surface-modified SiO2/CdS fillers. For both types of nanocomposites, the optical properties were evaluated and the observation of size quantization effects in the optical spectra is discussed. In this context, the influence of the inorganic fillers and polymer matrices on the optical properties of the final nanocomposites was investigated.     

Voltammetric sensor for chemical toxicity using [Ru(bpy)2poly(4-vinylpyridine)10Cl)+ as catalyst in ultrathin films. DNA damage from methylating agents and an enzyme-generated epoxide

Films containing presynthesized [Ru(bpy)2poly(4-vinylpyridine)10Cl)]Cl and ds-DNA grown layer by layer by alternate electrostatic assembly were used to detect DNA damage from an epoxide metabolite and methylating agents on a reaction time scale of minutes. The redox polymer [Ru(bpy)2poly(4-vinylpyridine)10Cl)]Cl was used as an inner layer in films 14-25 nm thick to catalyze the voltammetric oxidation of guanine bases of ds-DNA in the outer layers. This film architecture provides a self-contained, reagentless sensor for toxicity screening based on detection of DNA damage. Films were incubated with reactants and washed, and then DNA damage was analyzed by square wave voltammetry (SWV). Bioactivation of styrene to its metabolite styrene oxide was accomplished by incorporating the protein myoglobin into the films to catalyze the conversion. DNA damage caused the catalytic SWV peaks at approximately 0.75 V vs SCE to increase nearly linearly over the first 10-20 min of reaction, depending on the damage agent employed. Such prototype toxicity biosensors hold promise for in vitro screening of new agricultural chemicals and drugs for potential genotoxicity.     

星型嵌段共聚物PEO_4-b-PNIPAAm_4的合成

通过可逆加成-裂解链转移自由基聚合（RAFT）和活性阴离子开环聚合（ROP）方法合成了星型嵌段共聚物PEO4-b-PNIPAAm4。首先通过活性阴离子聚合合成了分子量为8000、分子量分布为1.1的四臂星型聚环氧乙烷（PEO4）,PEO4的末端羟基和DDAT进行酯化反应,得到大分子RAFT引发剂。然后引发N-异丙基丙烯...     

A poly(4-vinylpyridine) derivative bearing Os(5,6-dmphen)2Cl (5,6-dmphen=5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline): a novel electrochemical indicator for detecting DNA hybridization

A poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) derivative bearing a redox active osmium (Os) complex, Os(5,6-dmphen)₂Cl-PVP, shows a selective binding to double-helical DNA chains, enabling the electrochemical determination of DNA in a picomolar level.