二维非线性对流扩散方程的特征混合有限元两重网格算法

本文构造了求解非线性对流扩散方程的两重网格算法,该算法首先是在步长为H的粗网格上求解一个非线性问题,再利用粗网格解得到一个线性问题并在细网格上求解一个线性问题.理论分析与数值计算表明,该算法不仅消除了数值振荡现象,还极大地提高了非线性对流扩散方程的计算效率.     

一维非线性对流占优扩散方程特征差分法的两重网格算法

针对一维非线性对流扩散方程，构造了特征差分的两重网络算法，并给出了误差估计和数值算例。此方法是先在粗网格上计算非线性问题，再在细网格上计算线性问题，数值算例表明，在计算精度保持不变的情况下，此算法可以极大提高非线性对流扩散问题的计算效率。     

混凝土结构非线性徐变计算方法研究

为准确分析既有病害条件下的混凝土结构长期变形及受力行为, 该文进行了混凝土材料非线性徐变计算方法研究。以非线性弹性徐变本构理论为基础, 利用Hongnestad模型推导出材料软化系数, 提出一种新的非线性徐变本构模型, 采用初应变法进行显式迭代, 实现混凝土材料非线性徐变分析。以混凝土徐变及开裂的线性耦合假定为基础, 模拟长期持载过程中裂缝的扩展。采用ADINA用户子程序二次开发实现了相关算法, 并通过混凝土非线性徐变经典试验的对比分析, 验证了计算方法的可靠性。     

几何规划的广义梯度投影内点算法

本文首先利用对偶理论将正定式几何规划转化为带有非负约束和线性等式约束下的一般非线性规划问题;其次将广义梯度投影算法与内点算法相结合构造出了广义梯度投影内点算法来求解这个非线性规划问题;最后进一步证明了这种算法的收敛性质.此算法不需要计算与跟踪主动约束集,减少了计算量.     

无网格彼得洛夫伽辽金法在大变形问题中的应用

将无网格局部彼得洛夫伽辽金(MLPG)法推广应用于大变形问题。导出了非线性局部子域对称弱形式,通过对该弱形式进行线性化得到了用于非线性计算的MLPG格式,并对MLPG的计算速度进行了优化,使MLPG成为一种复杂度为O(N)的算法。几何非线性和几何与材料双重非线性的数值算例表明,相对有限元方法,MLPG在处理此类大变形问题时收敛性好,精度高,并能减小有限元分析中易遇到的网格畸变带来的困难。     

基于子结构的Woodbury非线性分析方法

非线性分析是研究结构性能的重要手段,准确并高效的模拟非线性行为,对评估结构安全性具有重要意义。工程结构材料非线性行为一般仅发生在局部区域,考虑结构的局部非线性特征,往往能有效提高计算效率。Woodbury公式被应用于多种数值算法中来高效地求解局部材料非线性问题,该公式仅需对小规模的Schur补矩阵进行分解,避免了对整体刚度矩阵的分解运算。然而,Schur补矩阵通常不具备稀疏特征,且其阶数与非线性规模相关,因此,当非线性区域较大时,Woodbury公式的高效性受到限制。为此,该文提出了基于子结构的Woodbury非线性分析方法,该方法将Schur补矩阵分解为若干个子矩阵,大幅降低了非线性分析过程中Schur补矩阵的规模。最后将该方法应用于某钢框架结构的动力非线性分析,并从精度和效率两方面与传统Woodbury法做了对比;结果表明:该文方法在保证计算精度的前提下改善了Woodbury公式的计算性能,进一步拓宽了其适用范围。     

材料不平衡凝聚非线性行为的研究及数值模拟

材料设计是指通过理论与计算预报新材料的组分、结构与性能。对材料不平衡凝聚非线性行为的研究发展过程、应用前景进行了评述。介绍了非线性行为在材料设计中的理论意义，分析了几种数值计算方法的优缺点。提出了材料研究微观模拟的发展方向。     

拉压刚度不同桁架的动力参变量变分原理和保辛算法

对于一些展开结构,为达到其设计性能,必须采用特殊的索、膜结构,这些索、膜部件表现出不同的拉压性质。具有拉、压不同性质的材料或结构的力学分析,体现出较强的非线性特征,需要针对这类问题发展有效的求解算法。本文建立了由拉压刚度不同杆单元组成的桁架结构的动力学参变量变分原理,将拉压刚度不同桁架问题的非线性动力分析转换为线性互补问题求解。结合时间有限元方法构造了求解此问题的保辛数值积分方法,此方法不需要迭代和刚度矩阵更新,避免了迭代求解方法的收敛问题,计算过程稳定、高效。     

非线性不等式组的信赖域算法

对于非线性不等式组的求解,采用构造辅助函数将非线性不等式组转化成为一个非线性方程组。文中采用光滑信赖域方法对非线性方程组进行逐次逼近从而求得问题的解。算法的全局收敛性和局部超线性收敛性得到了保证,数值试验表明算法对于小规模问题是切实可行的。     

桁架结构材料非线性弹性问题的广义逆力法

通过回顾传统位移法和传统力法的思路,比较了两种传统方法,分别指出了它们在计算机求解材料非线性问题中的优缺点。从经典力法的求解思路出发介绍了用于桁架结构材料非线性弹性问题的广义逆力法(AforcemethodbasedonGeneralizedInverseMatrix,GIM),给出了该算法的推导思路及求解过程。特别指出了传统力法用计算机求解材料非线性问题所遇到的困难,对如何解决这些困难作了探讨,从而给出了结构力学计算的一个全新视角,也使得力法在计算机计算领域重新得到发展空间。广义逆力法是一种基于力法和广义逆矩阵理论的新的迭代解法,对于材料非线性问题,由于无需像传统的基于位移法的逐步增量法那样逐步递进计算,所以也称特大增量步算法(LargeIncrementMethod,LIM)。同时也指出了该算法在结构并行计算方面不同于传统的子结构并行计算的新的特点。做为一种新的迭代算法,也给出了该算法求解的唯一性和收敛性证明。     

Symmetric Galerkin boundary integral formulation for interface and multi-zone problems

Domains containing an ‘internal boundary’, such as a bi-material interface, arise in many applications, e.g. composite materials and geophysical simulations. This paper presents a symmetric Galerkin boundary integral method for this important class of problems. In this situation, the physical quantities are known to satisfy continuity conditions across the interface, but no boundary conditions are specified. The algorithm described herein achieves a symmetric matrix of reduced size. Moreover, the symmetry can also be invoked to lessen the numerical work involved in constructing the system of equations, and thus the method is computationally very efficient. A prototype numerical example, with several variations in the boundary conditions and material properties, is employed to validate the formulation and corresponding numerical procedure. The boundary element results are compared with analytical solutions and with numerical results obtained with the finite element method. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Limit load carrying capacity for spherical laminated shells under external pressure

The aim of the present paper is to discuss possible failure modes encountered in the analysis of multilayered laminated spherical shells having different shallowness parameters and subjected to external pressure. Two various approaches are proposed: the first based on the global buckling analysis and local determination of FPF for each individual layer in a laminate and the second postulating global investigations of both buckling as well as failure (in the sense of LPF) phenomena in laminated structures. The intersection of two curves corresponding to bifurcation buckling and breaking of fibres forms the limit load carrying capacity curve for the analysed shells. The first part of the work is devoted to the analytical prediction of the LLCC curves. Next, the theoretical results are compared with the numerical ones obtained with the use of strict geometrically nonlinear formulation for composite shells. Various types of materials are analysed herein, i.e. both unidirectional as well as woven roving composite materials. The analysis includes also some remarks dealing with the possibility of composite topology optimization in order to obtain the maximal LLCC.     

模糊评价法表征复合材料层合板低能量冲击行为

通过模糊综合评判的方式,建立复合材料低能量冲击表面损伤与其失效的数学判据。复合材料受到冲击后的表面损伤是冲击程度最直观的表现,因此,对复合材料冲击行为的分析,应基于其表面损伤来进行。本研究选择的观测工具为超景深显微镜,观测、探究了复合材料试样受到冲击后的表面损伤情况,建立损伤程度与材料冲击门槛值之间的数值关系。经实验验证,该数值关系可以精确判断材料是否失效。同时也验证了不同厚度的复合材料,其失效时的表面损伤有某些共同特性,本文给出的判据可以在树脂基复合材料中通用。     

Numerical prediction of damage in composite structures from soft body impacts

The paper summarises recent progress on materials modelling and numerical simulation of soft body impact damage in fibre reinforced composite aircraft structures. The work is based on the application of finite element (FE) analysis codes to simulate damage in composite shell structures under impact loads. Composites ply damage models and interply delamination models have been developed and implemented in commercial explicit FE codes. Models are discussed for predicting impact loads on aircraft structures arising from deformable soft bodies such as gelatine (synthetic bird) and ice (hailstone). The composites failure models and code developments are briefly summarised and applied in the paper to numerical simulation of synthetic bird impact on idealised composite aircraft structures.     

Frictional contact analysis of composite materials

In this paper, the highly non-linear frictional contact problems of composite materials are analysed. A proportional loading, the potential contact zone method and finite element analysis are used to solve the problems. A tree-like searching method is used to obtain the solution of the parametric linear complementary problem, which may overcome the anisotropic properties of contact equations caused by composite materials. In the frictional contact analysis of composite materials, the distributions of normal contact pressures, tangential contact stresses and relative tangential displacements are presented for different contact material systems and different coefficients of friction. The results show that the solutions in the paper have good agreement with Hertzian solutions. The influence of different contact material systems and different coefficients of friction on the contact stresses and displacements is large. As a numerical example, ball-indentation tests of composite materials are modelled by the three-dimensional finite element method.     

On the numerical treatment of the delamination problem in laminated composites under cleavage loading

A method for the effective numerical treatment of the delamination problem in laminated composites under cleavage loading is herein proposed. The interlaminar interface mechanical behaviour is described by means of the so-called complete laws which are non-monotone and possibly multivalued force/ displacement laws including jumps (or in general, decreasing branches) corresponding to the discontinuous strength reduction. These complete laws that take into account the development of delamination phenomena in a quasistatic way are derived by non-convex energy functions, called delamination superpotentials which in turn, lead to the formulation of the principle of virtual work for the laminated composite in a hemivariational inequality form and to the generalisation of the principle of minimum potential energy as a substationarity principle. Applying an appropriate finite element discretisation scheme to the laminated composite, the respective discrete problem is formulated which describes the response of the structure taking into account the development of the delamination phenomenon. The numerical treatment of the latter problem is successfully performed by applying a new algorithm that approximates the nonmonotone law by a sequence of monotone ones. The performed numerical applications presented in the last part of the paper and several analogous numerical experiments exhibit very good convergence properties.     

The statistical second-order two-scale method for thermomechanical properties of statistically inhomogeneous materials

A statistical second-order two-scale (SSOTS) method is established in a constructive way for predicting the thermomechanical properties of statistically inhomogeneous materials. For this kind of composite materials, the complicated micro-characteristics of inclusions, including their shape, size, orientation, spatial distribution, volume fraction and/or material properties and so on, lead to changes of the macroscopic thermomechanical properties, such as stiffness, coefficient of thermal expansion and strength of material. In this paper, a statistical model at an arbitrary position of the composite material is defined to represent the microstructure of the statistically inhomogeneous media at first. And then, the statistical second-order two-scale analysis formulation is derived. Finally, the numerical results for some statistically inhomogeneous composites are calculated by SSOTS algorithm, and compared with the data by experimental and theoretical methods.     

Resin impregnation during composites manufacturing: Theory and experimentation

An experimental investigation into the area of resin impregnation during the manufacturing of composite materials is undertaken. The study is specifically directed at furthering the degree of understanding of the resin transfer molding and resin film stacking manufacturing processes. An additional goal of the present work is the testing of a previously developed numerical model for simulating such processes. The experimentation performed consists of the fully monitored impregnation of resin into a thin mold containing a three-dimensional reinforcement fiber composite preform material. Experimental results for two cases involving highly anisotopic resin impregnation are compared to corresponding numerical results. Reasonable agreement between the two sets of results is found to exist and suggestions are made as to future work which could further increase the technical understanding of such processes.     

基于Layerwise理论的共固化粘弹阻尼复合材料动特性分析

共固化粘弹性复合材料兼具结构承载和阻尼减振功能。针对传统的混合单元法在应用于粘弹性夹层复合材料结构阻尼性能分析时存在着前处理困难、计算规模大、精度低以及难以考虑正交各向异性铺层自身损耗能力的缺点,推导了一种基于Layerwise离散层理论的四节点四边形复合材料层合板单元,并利用直接复特征值解法建立了共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析方法。将该方法应用于不同的阻尼结构,分析结果与文献中已公开结果和混合单元法的计算结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,基于离散层理论的层合板单元具有计算精度高、前处理建模简单和计算规模小的优点,可有效应用于复杂共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析和设计。     

周期性复合材料等效传热系数预测的渐进均匀化新算法及其实现

渐进均匀化方法具有严格的数学基础,预测周期性复合材料的等效热传导系数具有较高的计算精度。本文提出了基于渐进均匀化方法预测周期性复合材料等效热传导系数的新算法。相比原有的算法具有两个优点：它的实现与代表体元方法一样简单,新的算法以现有的有限元商业软件为黑箱,通过简单的几个分析步骤,即可以获得复合材料的等效热传导系数;可以利用商业软件提供的多种单元类型去离散同一个单胞,在处理复杂几何单胞结构时,可以节约大量的计算费用。通过几个典型的算例,验证了方法的有效性。该工作对于推广渐进均匀化方法在预测复合材料等效热传导系数的广泛应用具有积极作用。