既耐蚀又抗菌的加银不锈钢

日本川崎钢铁公司所开发的“银系抗菌不锈钢”现已投放市场。通常 ,不锈钢加铜和锌可提高其抗菌效力 ,但添加铜之类元素后有影响不锈钢耐蚀性的问题。此次开发的银系抗菌不锈钢新产品的耐蚀性和抗菌性均十分优越 ,其抗菌效力要比加铜或锌的不锈钢高 10 0倍以上 ,即使经过研磨也不会损害其抗菌性。广泛适用于厨房、家电、医疗领域。该公司于 1998年 7月在世界上最早把加银抗菌的铬系不锈钢投入了市场 ,其月产量为 10 0ｔ,目前又增加了镍系加银抗菌不锈钢新品种既耐蚀又抗菌的加银不锈钢@文凡     

加银抗菌不锈钢─—R430AB

日本川崎钢铁公司为了开发具有独创特点的抗菌不锈钢,独自研制成功了加银的抗菌不锈钢。因为银作为抗菌剂已有大量的实用经验,但有关制造加银钢的经验还几乎没有,一般认为是不可能的。本公司独自开发成功往不锈钢中有效添加银的方法,成功地生产了加银抗菌不锈钢Ｒ４３０ＡＢ。还有Ｒ４３０ＬＮ－ＡＢ是以超低Ｃ＋Ｎ的加Ｎｂ１７Ｃｒ不锈钢ＳＵＳ４３０ＬＸ为基础,添加银的抗菌不锈钢。Ｒ４３０ＡＢ和Ｒ４３０Ｌ－ＡＢ两个加银的抗菌不锈钢,根据日本抗菌制品技术协会推荐的胶片粘附法所作的抗菌性试验评定的结果,证明了这两个不锈钢对…     

川崎钢铁公司将银系抗菌不锈钢投放市场

日本川崎钢铁公司新近进一步扩充其银系抗菌不锈钢系列 ,不仅能生产铁素体型加银抗菌不锈钢 ,同时也能生产奥氏体型加银抗菌不锈钢 ( 30 4型 ) ,这种奥氏体不锈钢已经日本食品分析中心和日本食品卫生协会进行了抗菌验证 ,确认了其对大肠杆菌、黄色葡萄球菌以及病源性大肠菌 0 - 157、ＭＲＳＡ(耐药性黄色葡萄球菌 )都具有很好的抗菌效果。均已正式投放市场。铁素体型抗菌不锈钢主要用于洗衣机、餐具、厨房用具等 ;奥氏体型抗菌不锈钢主要应用于厨房、家电、医疗器具等方面。本公司之银系抗菌不锈钢是日本独家生产 ,其重点销售对象则是食品加…     

抗菌功能金属材料

下表中汇总了当前已实用化的和新开发的抗菌化工艺、抗菌材料、所用的抗菌剂以及抗菌机理等。其中具有高度实用性的抗菌材料有抗菌不锈钢 ,是在不锈钢基材中添加了金属铜或银合金化的材料 ,通过热处理即获得抗菌功能化。作为新材料有利用ＴｉＯ2 光触媒作用的涂层抗菌不锈钢 ,还有在钛材表面形成ＴｉＯ2 光触媒层的抗菌材料。利用表面抗菌功能层的材料 ,不仅在金属上 ,在树脂之类材料上也可利用。作为抗菌剂可以利用银、铜、锌、钴、镍、钛等金属。光触媒二氧化钛涂层不锈钢板和加铜抗菌不锈钢以及加银抗菌不锈钢 ,对大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌的灭…     

金属离子型抗菌不锈钢组织及其抗菌性能的研究

分析了高铜马氏体不锈钢和加银奥氏体不锈钢的组织及抗菌性能。通过HREM分析显示,高铜马氏体不锈钢经抗菌热处理后(600℃时效0.5 h),基体弥散分布着大量小于40 nm的球状-εCu相,与基体存在共格关系。随时效时间增长,-εCu相逐渐脱溶成为独立的富铜相。SEM分析显示加Ag奥氏体不锈钢固溶后富Ag质点分布在晶界。等离子质谱法显示表面涂覆液膜24 h后Cu2 、Ag 抗菌离子析出浓度分别达到75×10-4%和0.15×10-4%,这是高铜和加银不锈钢具有100%抗菌率的原因。     

加银的抗菌不锈钢

具有抗菌性的金属有银、铜和锌,近年来又开发成功加铜的抗菌不锈钢。银器的灭菌性能自古以来既已为人们所认识,早在公元前一千年前就被人们用作饮水容器以及医疗用具,已有很长久的历史。抗菌性之发现,是由于溶出金属离子进入细菌细胞内的结果。但是这种金属离子的溶出往往导致金属材料耐蚀性的降低,因此,为了实现兼备耐蚀性和抗菌性的不锈钢,发现添加很少量银就能由于微少的溶出离子而发挥其高度的抗菌效果,并且对于不锈钢的加工性等材质性能几乎毫无影响。日本川崎钢铁公司新近开发成功一种加银抗菌不锈钢"ＲｉｖｅｒＬｉｔｅ４３…     

含Cu马氏体不锈钢的显微组织和抗菌性

加铜的铁素体不锈钢和奥氏体不锈钢,经过时效处理后由于析出了εＣｕ相而显示出良好的抗菌性。此次,研究了添加2%～4%(质量)Ｃｕ的马体系不锈钢(以ＳＵＳ420Ｊ2为基本材料)经过时效处理后的显微组织、淬透性及其抗菌性。研究用马氏体不锈钢ＳＵＳ420Ｊ2的化学成分含Ｃ03%...     

不锈钢抗菌技术研究进展

介绍了抗菌不锈钢材料的抗菌机理,综述了不锈钢的抗菌技术,详细介绍了各种抗菌不锈钢的研究和发展,并对抗菌不锈钢存在的主要问题以及发展趋势进行了分析。     

抗菌不锈钢的研究进展

抗菌不锈钢结合了不锈钢稳定的加工性能和抗菌元素良好的抗菌性能,因而广泛的应用于医疗器械、厨房用餐具、刀具、洗衣机等领域。本文综述了抗菌不锈钢国内外的研究与发展,介绍了抗菌不锈钢的概念、分类及其制备工艺,分析了抗菌不锈钢的抗菌机制,最后指出了抗菌不锈钢制备工艺仍存在的问题,并就这些问题提出了解决办法以及对其未来发展提出了展望。     

含铜奥氏体抗菌不锈钢

人们已经发现加钢的铁素体系不锈钢,因为通过时效处理而析出了－Ｃｕ相故具有明显的抗菌效果。另一方面,奥氏体系不锈钢有时为了提高成形加工性而添加铜,所以有３０４Ｊ和ＳＵＳＸＭ７等钢种,但是目前尚无有关这些含铜不锈钢的抗菌性的研究报道。因此,研究了加铜奥氏体不锈钢退火材和时效处理材的抗菌性。供试验研究用的不锈钢是由３Ｏ止ｇ真空熔炼炉生产的３种产品,它们含ＣＵ分别为工２％、３．５％和３．８％,而含Ｃ（０．０３％）、Ｓｔ（０．５％）、Ｍｎ（１．８％）、Ｃｒ（１８％）、Ｎｉ（９．４％）和Ｎ（．仍％）均相同。…     

Effect of nickel alloying on crevice corrosion resistance of stainless steels

The crevice corrosion behaviour of stainless steels containing 25 mass% Cr, 3 mass% Mo and various amounts of Ni was investigated in natural seawater. The results showed that ferritic steels containing nickel were more resistant to corrosion than both ferritic steels without nickel and austenitic steels. The superiority of the Ni bearing ferritic steel over the other steels was in close agreement with the depassivation pH of those steels in acidic chloride solutions. The results showed that the addition of Ni to ferritic steel was effective in decreasing the depassivation pH and the dissolution rate in acidic chloride solutions at crevices.     

节镍型不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能比较

通过3.5%NaCl溶液中动电位极化曲线测定和中性盐雾试验,对200系列奥氏体不锈钢和400系列铁素体不锈钢两类节镍型不锈钢与304不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能进行了对比研究。结果显示,400系列铁素体不锈钢的耐点蚀性能优于200系列奥氏体不锈钢,两种节镍型不锈钢的耐点蚀性能均不如304不锈钢好;200系列奥氏体不锈钢的耐均匀腐蚀性能最差,443不锈钢耐均匀腐蚀性能与304不锈钢相当,439不锈钢比304不锈钢耐均匀腐蚀性能稍差。201、202、304、439和443不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的点蚀电位分别为(vs.SCE)-32 mV、-22 mV、312mV、165 mV和227 mV,腐蚀速率分别为0.0071 mm/a、0.0062 mm/a、0.0026 mm/a、0.0038 mm/a和0.0024mm/a。     

Stainless steel reinforcing bars – reason for their high pitting corrosion resistance

In harsh chloride bearing environments stainless steel reinforcing bars offer excellent corrosion resistance and very long service life for concrete structures, but the high costs limit a more widespread use. Manganese bearing nickel‐free stainless steels could be a cost‐effective alternative. Whereas the corrosion behavior of stainless steels in alkaline solutions, mortar and concrete is quite well established, only little information on the reasons for the high pitting resistance are available. This work reports the results of pitting potential measurements in solutions simulating alkaline and carbonated concrete on black steel, stainless steel DIN 1.4301, duplex steel DIN 1.4462, and nickel‐free stainless steel DIN 1.4456. Duplex and nickel‐free stainless steels are fully resistant even in 4 M NaCl solutions with pH 13 or higher, the lower grade DIN 1.4301 shows a wide scatter between fully resistant and pitting potentials as low as +0.2 V SCE. In carbonated solutions with pH 9 the nickel‐free DIN 1.4456 shows pitting corrosion at chloride concentrations ≥3 M. This ranking of the pitting resistance can be rationalized based on XPS surface analysis results: both the increase of the Cr(III)oxy‐hydroxide and Mo(VI) contents in the passive film and a marked nickel enrichment beneath the film improve the pitting resistance. The duplex DIN 1.4462 shows the highest pitting resistance, which can be attributed to the very high Cr(III)oxy‐hydroxide, to a medium Mo(VI) content in the film and to a nickel enrichment beneath the film. Upon time, the protective properties of the surface film improve. This beneficial effect of ageing (transformation of the passive film to a less Fe²⁺ containing, more hydrated film) will lead to higher pitting potentials. It can be concluded that short‐term solution experiments give conservative results in terms of resistance to chloride‐induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures.     

我国铸造不锈钢应用现状及发展趋势

概述了国内铸造不锈钢的应用现状 ,认为不锈钢生产中碳、氮等元素的含量较高是与先进国家铸造不锈钢生产水平的主要差距。通过对我国近年不锈钢研究发展趋势的分析 ,指出低碳和超低碳不锈钢、双相不锈钢及经复杂合金化的专用不锈钢是我国铸造不锈钢的主要发展方向 ;通过微量稀土等元素来提高不锈钢的性能也有广阔的应用前景。     

典型不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏化温度的研究

用电化学动电位再活化（EPR）法、硫酸—硫酸铜法及扫描电镜研究了典型的202、304奥氏体不锈钢与409、430铁素体不锈钢在不同敏化温度下晶间腐蚀的敏感性。结果表明,奥氏体与铁素体不锈钢敏感温度区间不同,奥氏体不锈钢诱发晶间腐蚀的敏感温度约为650℃,铁素体不锈钢诱发晶间腐蚀的敏感温度约为950℃。研究结果为正确地评判不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感性及优化生产工艺提供了科学依据。     

不锈钢钢种发展的一些动向

从奥氏体不锈钢的演变,以氮代碳的含氮不锈钢,Mn-N系不锈钢,超级铁素体不锈钢,超级奥氏体不锈钢,超级马氏体不锈钢及抗菌不锈钢等方面的发展,概述了不锈钢钢种发展的一些动向。     

等离子体冶炼的N─Cr─Mn钢的耐腐蚀性能

用等离子氮弧冶炼不同氮含量的铬锰不锈钢,其耐腐蚀性能用动电位扫描、电化学阻抗等方法测试,并与1Cr18Ni9不锈钢作比较,结合显微组织分析耐蚀原因。实验结果表明含氮钢的耐蚀性普遍好于1Cr18Ni9不锈钢。随钢中含氮量增加,奥氏体组织扩大,耐腐蚀性能提高。当含氮量达0.74%时形成完全的奥氏体相。经阳极极化后,含氮钢表面的腐蚀层中奥氏体相比原基体的扩大,膜致密,耐腐蚀性能远远高于原基体。     

Influence of welding consumables on high cycle fatigue life of flux cored Arc welded high strength,quenched and tempered steel joints

Quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking after welding. Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) welding consumables are traditionally used for welding of high hardness, Q&T steels as they have higher solubility for hydrogen in the austenitic phase. The use of stainless steel consumables for a non stainless steel base metal is not economical. Hence, in the present work, an attempt was made to explore alternate consumables for welding Q&T steels. Flux cored arc welding process was used to fabricate the joints using austenitic stainless steel and low hydrogen ferritic steel consumables. The joints fabricated using low hydrogen ferritic steel consumables exhibited superior fatigue performances than the joints fabricated using ASS consumables.     

V对含氮马氏体不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

为提升含氮马氏体不锈钢在高温下服役性能,设计了两种试验钢(一种添加0.12%V (质量分数),一种不加V),采用冲击、拉伸试验机、洛氏硬度计、Thermo-Calc软件、OM、SEM、TEM研究了添加微量的V对含氮马氏体不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在较高温度450～550℃下回火,添加0.12%V较不加V的含氮马氏体不锈钢硬度提高了0.6～1.9 HRC,冲击吸收能量提高了1.2～3.8 J。1050℃淬火、-73℃冷处理、530℃回火后,添加0.12%V钢的塑韧性得到较大提升,断裂方式改变为韧-脆混合断裂,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸由16.48μm减小为11.12μm,未溶第二相的种类和分布由沿着原奥氏体晶界呈断链状分布的短棒状M₂₃C₆碳化物转变为弥散分布的球状碳化物和碳氮化物。通过细化晶粒和均匀分布的球状碳化物、碳氮化物,使得含氮马氏体不锈钢的强度和塑韧性均得到提升。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels after cold rolling

The effect of austenite stability on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of three austenitic stainless steels during cold rolling has been studied. Samples of different grain sizes have been used to characterize the microstructures during deformation. In the case of 304/8% Ni and 304/10% Ni stainless steels, the transformation microstructures consist of mechanical twins: ε-martensite and α′-martensite. No hexagonal close-packed (hcp) ε-martensite was detected in 316 stainless steel. The volume fraction of α′-martensite formed increases with increasing strain in 304 and 316 stainless steels for a given grain size. The amount of α′ phase increases with a decrease in grain size in 304 stainless steel, while the formation of this phase has been found to be grain size insensitive in 316 stainless steel. The strain-hardening behavior exhibited by the three stainless steels used in this study indicates the contribution of both α′-martensite and grain size strengthening in the case of both 304 stainless steels, while only grain size contribution was found in the case of 316 stainless steel.