不同锌材的三价铬钝化效果

分别对纯锌片、钢铁镀锌片及含杂质锌片3种锌材进行三价铬钝化处理,钝化液组成及工艺条件为:硝酸铬50g/L,硝酸钠25～55 g/L,柠檬酸25～50 g/L,氯化钠70～80 g/L,硫酸钴25～50g/L,室温,pH 2.0,时间30～90 s.对比了不同锌材表面钝化膜的外观、金相形貌及耐蚀性等性能.结果表明,三价铬...     

镀锌层高耐蚀三价铬黑色钝化工艺

采用正交试验优化镀锌层三价铬黑色钝化液的各个组分,在此基础上考察各种工艺条件对钝化膜的外观、耐蚀性和附着力的影响,确定了三价铬黑色钝化工艺的配方及工艺参数。三价铬黑色钝化工艺为:7.5 g/L Cr~(3+),21 g/L络合剂,22 g/L磷酸二氢钠,15 g/L过渡金属盐,0.4 mL/L有机硫化物,0.4 mL/L纳米硅溶胶,pH为2.0,θ为50℃,钝化t为45 s。该钝化工艺得到的钝化膜均匀黑亮,附着力良好,在未加封闭的情况下,耐蚀性达到中性盐雾60 h以上。     

高耐蚀性镀锌层三价铬蓝白色钝化工艺

开发了一种环保的镀锌层三价铬蓝白色钝化工艺。研究了钝化液中CrCl3·6H2O、Na3C6H5O7、NaNO3、钴盐等成分及pH和温度等工艺参数对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。蓝白钝化的最佳工艺条件为:CrCl3·6H2O 48g/L,NaNO3 20g/L,Na3C6H5O7 18g/L,钴盐18g/L,室温,pH1.5,钝化时间8s。采用最佳工艺所得钝化膜为光亮、均匀的蓝白色,表面平整、致密,耐蚀性优于镀锌层。     

稀土钕对镀锌层三价铬蓝白钝化膜耐蚀性的影响

在三价铬钝化液中添加稀土钕,以提高三价铬蓝白钝化膜的耐蚀性。研究了钝化温度、pH、时间以及钝化液中稀土钕含量对钝化膜耐蚀性的影响,得到镀锌层三价铬蓝白钝化的最优工艺条件为:Cr2(SO4)3 18.9 g/L,Nd(NO3)3·6H2O 4 g/L,NaNO32.2 g/L,C6H8O7·H2O 0.7 g/L,CoSO4·7H2O 7 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O3.4 g/L,NH4HF2 0.2 g/L,温度30°C,pH 1.9,时间30 s。钝化液中添加稀土钕可有效提高钝化膜的耐蚀性。在最佳工艺条件下,钝化膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度和交流阻抗分别为-1.231 V、0.568μA/cm2和1 937?·cm2,中性盐雾试验出现白锈的时间为93 h。     

无钴硫酸体系三价铬黑色钝化工艺

以过渡金属硫化物M替代钴(镍)盐作发黑剂,在镀锌层表面得到黑色钝化膜。钝化液的配方与工艺为:Cr2(SO4)335g/L,有机羧酸X6g/L,柠檬酸32g/L,过渡金属硫化物M2g/L,FeSO410g/L,NaNO37g/L,NaH2PO415g/L,pH=2.0,室温,时间30s。钝化膜层乌黑均匀、附着力合格;经封闭后的三价铬黑色钝化膜,其耐蚀性等级高于市售含钴盐发黑剂的三价铬黑色钝化膜,且达到六价铬钝化的耐蚀等级;钝化膜中不含六价铬;钝化液性能稳定。     

电镀锌层无铬钝化工艺的研究

开发一种绿色无铬的钝化工艺,所得钝化膜的性能接近铬酸盐钝化膜的。研究了电镀锌层在钛磷硅钼复合体系中的钝化工艺,并采用扫描电子显微镜、硫酸铜点滴实验和中性盐雾实验等方法测试了钝化膜的形貌和耐蚀性。通过正交实验确定了钝化液的最优配方为:三氯化钛10mL/L,磷酸1.8mL/L,硅酸钠18g/L,钼酸钠0.85g/L。其中硅酸钠的质量浓度对钝化膜的表面形貌及耐蚀性的影响最大。采用二次钝化工艺能有效提高钝化膜的耐蚀性。采用上述配方和工艺能够得到一种淡蓝色的无铬钝化膜,其耐蚀性优于三价铬钝化膜的,硫酸铜点滴时间能达到80s,中性盐雾实验的变色时间为72h。     

镀锌层高耐蚀性三价铬钝化工艺研究

通过添加适当的氧化剂和螯合剂,对镀锌层三价铬钝化溶液进行改性,控制溶液的pH,钝化温度和时间,利用对比试验对镀锌层钝化工艺进行研究,通过50g/L的NaCl溶液浸泡试验,探讨三价铬钝化工艺参数对钝化膜耐腐蚀性的影响,通过观察腐蚀面积对钝化膜层的耐腐蚀性能进行初步分析.结果表明:采用改性后三价铬钝化液进行钝化,镀锌层的耐...     

镀锌低铬钝化故障处理

0前言 镀锌低铬钝化从上世纪70年代中期起,由180g/L、40 g/L高铬二次钝化基础上降到2～5 g/L低铬钝化新工艺,并且钝化膜的耐蚀性基本上可达到高铬钝化的耐蚀性,初步解决了环境污染问题.本文将低铬彩钝化和白钝化常见的膜层缺陷、产生原因及处理方法,汇总如下.     

镀锌层无铬彩色钝化剂的研究

通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了一种无铬彩色钝化剂中不同组分(包括硫酸亚铈、柠檬酸钠和硝酸钴)用量对钝化膜外观与耐蚀性的影响,得到较优的钝化剂配方为:硫酸亚铈50 g/L,柠檬酸钠15 g/L,硝酸钴20 g/L。采用最优配方在pH 1.5和温度20~30℃的条件下对镀锌层处理15 s,所得钝化膜平整、均匀,呈光亮的彩虹色。该钝化膜可通过24 h的中性盐雾腐蚀试验。     

新能源动力电池壳环保无铬钝化工艺

采用环保无铬钝化体系对预镀镍钢带冲压电池壳进行钝化,研究了钝化前脱脂工艺及钝化液的封孔剂质量浓度和温度对钝化膜性能的影响。结果表明,EC-66中温脱脂工艺对基材的脱脂效果较好。无铬钝化液的封孔剂质量浓度为0.4 g/L及温度为50°C时所得钝化膜的综合性能最佳,外观均匀、白净,耐蚀性优于六价铬钝化膜。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。