浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器的污泥特性研究

研究了新型浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器(SDRAnMBR)处理模拟啤酒废水的污泥特性.结果表明,SDRAnMBR的污泥活性高,旋转剪切力没有对厌氧颗粒污泥的性质造成破坏并具有性能良好的絮体;而且能有效减轻污泥浓度、EPS、污泥粘度,污泥颗粒粒径的变化对膜污染的影响,使之能在较高的MLSS(18～19.5 g·L-1),较高的EPS浓度(50.9～63.9 mg·gMLSS-1)、较小的污泥颗粒粒径(4.00～36.54μm)和较大的污泥粘度(6.6～7.5mPa·s-1)时稳定运行.SDRAnMBR中由膜旋转形成的三相旋转流和厌氧颗粒污泥的协同作用,使SDRAnMBR具有性能良好的活性污泥,同时强化了膜组件的抗污染性能.     

浸没式膜生物反应器膜污染研究现状

简要分析了浸没式膜生物反应器(SMBR)中膜污染的机理.在文献和现场考察的基础上,对膜材料、混合液特性、操作参数与条件、膜的清洗与再生等几个主要方面的研究现状进行了分析和综述,指出目前研究的不足在于缺乏反应器结构优化及反应器内流场优化方面的研究.     

新型浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器的启动特性研究

研究了新型浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器(SDR AnMBR)处理模拟啤酒废水的启动特性.讨论了水力停留时间、容积负荷与COD去除率的关系;pH、挥发酸(VFA)和碱度对启动的影响.仅用26d就完成了反应器的启动和污泥的驯化.结果表明,SDRAnMBR系统的耐冲击负荷能力强;COD去除率高于常规厌氧生物反应器,稳定在92%以上;反应器运行稳定,未发生酸化现象;且出水VFA和出水碱度可以在较大的范围变动而不会发生酸化现象.     

浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器处理乳品有机废水的研究

采用浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器(SABMR)处理乳品有机废水,通过研究不同水力停留时间(HRT)对处理效果的影响确定了最佳的HRT为2 d。并在最佳的HRT条件下,研究微生物和SAMBR对COD_(Cr)和BOD_5的去除效果、反应器内和出水的pH和VFA浓度的变化、沼气的产量、运行前后污泥粒径的变化、膜污染的原因和膜通量的恢复措施及效果。结果表明:在进水COD_(Cr)浓度不超过2 500 mg/L,微生物和SAMBR对COD_(Cr)的去除率分别达到38.6%和80.2%以上;进水BOD_5浓度不超过1 500 mg/L时,微生物和SAMBR对BOD_5的去除率分别达到79.2%和96.6%以上;反应器内和出水pH分别稳定在7.0和7.3左右;反应器内和出水VFA浓度分别稳定在500 mg/L和200 mg/L以下;甲烷气的产量与被除去COD_(Cr)成线形关系,被除去COD_(Cr)量增加,甲烷气的产量相应的增加,甲烷气的体积占总沼气体积的60%左右;系统运行49d后污泥出现明显颗粒化;膜污染主要是由膜表面吸附的有机物和胶体物质以及无机盐在膜表面的结垢作用引起的,物理清洗和化学清洗对膜通量的恢复分别达到60%和85%左右。     

浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器有机物降解动力学模型研究

针对浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器(SAnMBR)的工艺特点,以反应器内物料衡算为基础,通过动力学推导得到了SAnMBR降解有机物的动力学模型.试验中采用新型浸没式厌氧双轴旋转膜生物反应器(SDRAnMBR)处理啤酒废水,得到了相关动力学参数Vmax=2.36 d-1;Ks=847.92mg·L-1,K=0.0028 L·d-1·mg-1.并对模型进行了验证,试验结果与模型计算结果基本一致.     

浸没式膜生物反应器技术用于废水的现场深度处理及回用

人们愈加认识到废水随意排放的后果和对新鲜水短缺应负的责任。因此，将废水处理到可回用的水质已成为水处理的最关键问题之一。虽然在许多地区浸没式膜生物反应器（IMBR）技术在废水深度处理使之达到回用标准中的应用仍属于一种较新的方法，然而在整个北美和欧洲却广泛应用了十多年。     

浸没式膜生物反应器可有效应对氨氮污染

当前，水源污染日趋严重和给水水质标准提高的双重压力，对给水深度处理提出了更高的要求。作为以超滤为核心技术的第三代净水工艺，也在“与时俱进”中不断寻求着自身发展。近日，在“全国给水深度处理研究会2009年年会”上，中国工程院院士李圭白就浸没式膜生物反应器（SMBR）在饮用水处理领域研究的进展情况和与会代表进行了分享，     

浸没式膜生物反应器处理啤酒废水

采用浸没式膜生物反应器(MBR)处理模拟啤酒废水.考察了活性污泥的驯化过程,同时考察了不同水力停留时间(HRT)下膜生物反应器对啤酒废水的去除效果及稳定性,确定最佳的水力停留时间(HRT)为10 h.在此条件下,当进水CODCr在732.5～1 544 mg/L时,CODCr的平均去除率达97.02%;进水NH3-N在25.65～41.41 mg/L时,的平均去除率为84.69%.实验结果表明,MBR工艺具有很强的耐冲击负荷能力,采用MBR工艺处理啤酒废水技术可行,实验结果可为工业规模应用提供技术参考.     

浸没式膜生物反应器技术在废水的深度现场处理及回用中的应用

我们越来越清楚废水随意排放的后果及其对新鲜水短缺应负的责任。因此，将废水处理成可回用的水质已是水处理最为关键的问题之一。虽然在许多地区，浸没式膜生物反应器（IMBR）技术用于废水深度处理使之达到回用标准还是一种较新的方法．但在整个北美和欧洲已广泛应用了十多年。Zee Weed膜生物反应器是迅速成熟的最前沿技术．由加拿大ZENON环境有限责任公司开发的Zee Weed MBR是世界上应用最广的MBR技术。装有该反应器的系统的生产能力小至4m^3／d以下，大到50000m^3／d以上，基于ZENON的浸没式Zee Weed膜，该工艺可深度处理高浓度废水．使其达到最深度处理的质量指标，最大程度地达到回用目的。由于在世界范围内已有400套以上的装置，故ZENON已成为MBR技术的全球领跑者，并且己制定出废水深度处理和回用的标准。     

Filterability in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor

Studies on anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR) show high variability about filterability. Therefore, in this study, a laboratory-scale submerged AMBR (SAMBR) was operated with the aim of identifying operational conditions and sludge characteristics that influence the membrane flux. Short-term experiments applying the flux-step method resulted in values of the critical flux (Jc) variable depending on the operational condition applied in the SAMBR. The application of different parameters for the identification of Jc gave comparable results. Although the plant was operated applying different operational conditions, a rapid membrane fouling was usually observed. The applicable fluxes were between 2 and 5 L/(m² h) depending on operational conditions. Therefore, the results confirm the much lower sludge filterability in anaerobic than aerobic MBRs. Multiple regression analysis showed that the supernatant composition plays the most important role in membrane fouling.     

一体式膜生物反应器膜污染研究

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种新型污水处理器,对生活污水处理效果显著,在使用过程中不可避免地会产生污染。为此,对膜生物反应器处理模拟生活污水的膜污染和清洗方法进行了研究,通过红外光谱分析了活性污泥性质的变化,利用扫描电镜分析了中空纤维膜表观结构的变化,探讨了膜污染的机理。结果表明,细菌滋生和污泥沉积造成了膜污染,泥饼层阻力占膜总阻力的89.86%,是膜污染的主要组成部分,水力清洗结合化学清洗可以很好地恢复膜的比通量。     

厌氧膜生物反应器及其膜污染探析

厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor,AnMBR)集厌氧生物技术和膜分离技术于一体,具有高负荷、低能耗、可回收沼气和高效截留等优点,在高浓度有机废水治理领域潜力巨大。然而,国内外关于AnMBR的工程运行参数较为欠缺。此外,膜污染问题是阻碍该工艺应用推广的重要致因,故其一直是AnMBR的研究热点。本文概述了AnMBR的工艺特征以及AnMBR的结构、组合方式及其特点,指出当前外置式应用较多,内置式因其特点也逐渐引起关注;综述了AnMBR及其组合工艺在国内外的工程应用现状,指出该技术多在实验室阶段,且于工程化方面国内落后于国外;探析了膜污染机理及其影响因素(膜组件、污泥特性和操作条件等影响因素)关于膜污染的作用机制;并总结了一些控制膜污染的典型预防和控制措施,以期为相关研究应用提供参考。     

The effect of COD/N ratio on process performance and membrane fouling in a submerged bioreactor

Influent chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratio is used to control fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. However, COD/N also affects the physicochemical and biological properties of MBR biomass. The current study examined the relationship between COD/N ratio in feed wastewater and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in MBRs. Two identical submerged MBRs with different COD/N ratios of 10:1 and 5:1 were operated in parallel. The cation concentration and floc-size of the sludge were measured. The composition and characteristics of bound EPS and soluble microbial products (SMP) under each COD/N ratio were also examined. Batch tests were conducted in 1000 mL bottles to study the process of the release of foulants from the sludge when 1 g of (NH₄⁺-N)/L was added. Results showed that the influent COD/N ratio could change the physicochemical properties of EPS and SMP. Moreover, excessive NH₄⁺ in the supernatant could facilitate the role of NH₄⁺ as a monovalent cation, the replacement of the polyvalent cation in bound EPS, and even the extraction of EPS components from the surface of the sludge to form new SMP.     

膜生物反应器中分阶段污染模式的研究

膜生物反应器(MBR)中膜污染具有阶段性发展特点.综合动态的"凝胶层黏附-泥饼层覆盖"理论以及静态的膜污染层结构理论,认为以"污染层构建-临界通量打破"来描述MBR的二阶段污染特征能够较好地反映其形成内因.根据跨膜压力(TMP)与膜污染发展趋势的内在联系和特点,建立了"污染层构建"阶段的周期模型.并结合MBR处理市政废水的试验,就运行操作条件对"污染层构建"阶段周期的影响进行了正交水平分析.结果表明,各试验阶段的"污染层构建"周期为5-12 d.适时地采用恰当的清洗措施非常必要;各运行参数对膜污染"污染层构建"周期影响程度的主次顺序为:气水比、污泥浓度、开停比.     

Characteristics of soluble microbial products in membrane bioreactor and its effect on membrane fouling

In this study, the accumulation and characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) in the mixed liquor and the effluent of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) were measured and compared. It was found that the concentration of SMP decreased when the SRT was increased from 10 days to 30 days, and then stabilized as SRT was increased to 60 days. The molecular weight (MW) distributions of SMP indicated that the SMP of larger MW (> 30 kDa) was the most abundant fraction in the MBR. The similar MW distributions of SMP in the mixed liquor and effluent implied that membrane fouling due to SMP in the initial slow fouling stage was not due to size sieving. After the MBR was operated for a period of time, only the SMP of relatively large MW (> 30 kDa) was detected in the mixed liquor. The result indicated that size sieving of SMP occurred only after a cake layer was formed on the membrane surface although the effect was not significant and only worked on larger molecules. The accumulation of hydrophilic components of SMP in the mixed liquor of the bioreactor suggested that the hydrophilic fraction (in carbohydrates) could be the major cause for membrane fouling.     

Viability of microbial mass in a submerged membrane bioreactor

In this study the viability of biomass in a submerged membrane activated sludge system (sMBR) which treats domestic wastewater was investigated by dealing with non-biodegradable COD, specific oxygen uptake rate and MLVSS during operation for 100 days. It was shown that the viability of biomass in the bioreactor was reduced at the 50% level because of the accumulation of inert compounds and the reduction in the activities of poor biomass. After inoculating the bioreactor again, the specific OUR increased because of young biomass entering into the bioreactor. It was shown that there was an exponential relationship between OUR and MLVSS and there was a logarithmic relationship between specific OUR and MLVSS.     

一体式膜生物反应器中料液粘度的研究

探讨了一体式膜生物反应器中料液粘度变化的原因,以及料液粘度对膜过滤阻力的影响。试验结果表明:料液粘度的增加主要因反应器中累积的高浓度胞外聚合物(EPS)所致;污泥粘度随着EPS浓度的变化而变化,二者之间存在很好的相关性(r=0.9958);污泥粘度与膜过滤阻力有较好的相关性(r=0.9006)。