Fuzzy smoothing of HMM parameters using the Parzen window

Presents a parameter-smoothing technique for discrete hidden Markov models in speech recognition using fuzzy vector quantisation and the Parzen window. The technique is compared with existing smoothing techniques by experiments with speaker-independent isolated word recognition. The results suggest that this technique is more effective than the others in terms of improved recognition.<>     

位相叠加效应对连续位相板束匀滑特性的影响

在大型激光系统的运行过程中,为了对相位畸变导致的焦斑分布不均匀进行改善,在光路通常会使用连续位相板(CPP) 来进行远场束匀滑。根据CPP 面型的随机特性,利用统计的方法对位相板与畸变波前相位的叠加特性进行了计算,系统研究了连续位相板对光束波前分布实现控制的机理。从CPP面形的概率密度与远场直方图之间的关系出发,推导了畸变波前通过CPP 后远场光强分布的表达式,从理论上解释了这种束匀滑器件的工作原理及特性。通过数值模拟计算了不同畸变光束经过CPP后的远场直方图,对结果进行比较并分析了不同面型特性对最终束匀滑效果的影响。结果证明:位相板能在焦斑光强上起到卷积滤波的作用,从而实现光束匀滑效果。从原理上解释了CPP 在具有小相关长度时具有更高匀滑效果这一特性,为实际面型设计和优化提供理论基础。另外,应用统计几何光学方法进行分析,可有效降低波前叠加分析的难度。     

Instantaneous frequency estimation using the Wigner distributionwith varying and data-driven window length

The estimation of the instantaneous frequency (IF) of a harmonic complex-valued signal with an additive noise using the Wigner distribution is considered. If the IF is a nonlinear function of time, the bias of the estimate depends on the window length. The optimal choice of the window length, based on the asymptotic formulae for the variance and bias, can be used in order to resolve the bias-variance tradeoff. However, the practical value of this solution is not significant because the optimal window length depends on the unknown smoothness of the IF. The goal of this paper is to develop an adaptive IF estimator with a time-varying and data-driven window length, which is able to provide quality close to what could be achieved if the smoothness of the IF were known in advance. The algorithm uses the asymptotic formula for the variance of the estimator only. Its value may be easily obtained in the case of white noise and relatively high sampling rate. Simulation shows good accuracy for the proposed adaptive algorithm     

热处理对红外窗口镀层金属的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法制备红外透过窗口Ge窗的镀层金属。分别讨论了热处理温度和热处理时间对Ge窗金属化体系力学特性的影响。用纳米压痕仪测试仪测试Ge窗金属化体系的显微力学特性,并用金相显微镜观测金属薄膜的表面形貌,发现退火温度对Ge窗片上的金属薄膜的力学特性有较明显影响。     

高空环境对航空遥感器光学窗口的影响

为提高航空遥感器光学窗口的光学性能,从空气动力学环境和大气环境两个方面分析了高空环境对光学窗口的影响。根据空气动力学原理,计算出飞行马赫数和雷诺数,以确定光学窗口所处的飞行环境;依据纵掠平壁理论,计算出光学窗口外表面的平均对流换热系数,仿真光学窗口温度分布,分析了轴向温差对光学窗口的影响。分析高空大气环境下光学窗口玻璃出现结霜原因及影响,并提出预防结霜的解决方案。最后针对某航空遥感器光学窗口进行飞行试验,结果表明分析的结论正确,提出的解决方案合理可靠,可为其他航空光学窗口设计提供依据。     

胶层厚度对多点支撑光窗面形的影响

以某型战斗机光雷保护罩采用的多点支撑光窗为研究对象,建立胶层连接的多点边缘支撑结构模型,通过仿真分析胶层厚度对多点边缘支撑光窗面型的影响.建立"压块-胶层-光窗"有限元分析模型,在结构航向过载、航向随机振动、高低温冲击情况下,对不同胶层厚度仿真结果数据处理,分析胶层厚度对光窗面形变形的影响.结果可知:胶层在0.1～0....     

三折式光学窗口对航空相机成像的影响

基于平行光通过倾斜的平板玻璃会使光线发生平移的现象,从几何光学的角度分析了三折式光学窗口对航空相机成像分辨率的影响,在窗口玻璃厚度为25 mm,窗口玻璃之间的夹角为45,照相距离为5 000m的条件下,对焦距1 000 mm 的相机成像偏移量进行了分析计算,计算结果成像偏移量为3.34 m,大于设计要求的1/3 像元.最后,通过试验检验了成像偏移对相机成像分辨率的影响,分析及试验结果表明,相机焦距、窗口玻璃厚度和窗口玻璃之间的夹角越大,相机照相距离越小,使相机成像分辨率越低,尤其是采用三折式窗口玻璃的长焦距相机,不适宜在较近照相距离下照相。     

腔长变化对连续波腔衰荡技术测量的影响

为了阐明腔长变化对测量的影响,在考虑入射光源光谱线宽的情况下,采用腔衰荡法和多光束干涉等有关理论,就两种极限情况下腔长变化对连续波腔衰荡法测量的影响进行了分析和数值模拟,并据此讨论了一般情况下腔长变化给测量带来的影响。分析表明,腔长变化主要使衰荡腔谐振频率变得不稳定,从而使得衰荡腔出射光功率及其衰荡特征发生变化,进而给测量带来严重误差,这将为分析该技术测量误差来源以及提高其测量精度提供理论指导。     

Influence of horn length on radiation pattern of oblique-flare-angle corrugated horn

The influence of horn length on the radiation pattern of an oblique-flare-angle corrugated horn is described. Two experiments with a 110° horn are reported. These show that a horn with three slots has a radiation pattern which is essentially the same as that of a horn with five slots. It is also demonstrated that the innermost slot has a dominant effect on the pattern.     

光谱数据序列长度对光纤法珀应变传感系统的影响

根据光纤法珀应变传感器的腔长DFT解词算法的原理，推导了对光谱数据作补零处理时的DFT腔长计算公式，并作了精度分析。通过理论分析发现：对光谱数据补零可以提高光纤法珀应变系统的测量精度；对光谱数据按光波频率作等间隔内插时，增加抽样点数也可以提高测量精度，但效果不如补零来得明显。实验也证实了上述结论。     

Influence of gate length on ESD-performance for deep submicron CMOS technology

ESD-performance of grounded-gate nMOS protection structures has been observed for a standard 0.25 μm CMOS epitaxial layer based technology. The shortest gate lengths show unexpectedly lower ESD-thresholds, leading to an optimum performance for longer gate length devices attributed to the trade off between power dissipation and melt volume of the parasitic bipolar.     

白天天空背景对昼夜大气相干长度仪数据影响

昼夜大气相干长度仪实现了全天候连续观测恒星,是一种大气相干长度的常规观测仪器。主要分析了白天天空背景光引起的大气相干长度测量误差,提出了适合于工程应用的图像消噪方法,并进行了数值仿真,结果表明:该消噪方法能有效抑制白天天空背景引起的图像传感器噪声,使其在最大天空亮度观测3.5等星时所引起的大气相干长度测量误差减小到1.434%,扩大了选星跟踪范围,证实了该消噪方法应用于提高仪器测量精度的可行性和白天星像质心提取的准确性。     

掺铒光纤长度差对全光纤激光相干合成的影响

设计了由两支光纤激光器组成的迈克尔逊型全光纤激光器阵列,通过实验,分析两子光纤激光器的掺铒光纤长度差对激光相干合成稳定性、泵浦效率以及输出功率的影响.结果表明:在未达到增益饱和的情况下,掺铒光纤长度差变化时,全光纤激光器阵列仍得到相干合成输出,但相干度发生变化,即掺铒光纤长度差变大时,相干度变差,总泵浦效率和总输出功率都变小,且变化不是线性的.     

窗口层对三结电池双层减反膜的影响

窗口层的厚度对高效三层太阳能电池具有重要影响。本文针对太阳能电池的地面应用,优化了三节电池（Ga0.5In0.5P/In0.02Ga0.98As/Ge）的双层反射膜（SiO2/TiO2, SiO2/ZnS）。同时讨论了在双层减反膜优化结构下,变化Al0.5In0.5P窗口层厚度引起反射率的变化。     

Influence of window layer thickness on double layer antireflection coating for triple junction solar cells

The optimization of a SiO₂/TiO₂,SiO₂/ZnS double layer antireflection coating（ARC）on Ga_0.5In_0.5P/In_0.02Ga_0.98As/Ge solar cells for terrestrial application is discussed.The Al_0.5In_0.5P window layer thickness is also taken into consideration.It is shown that the optimal parameters of double layer ARC vary with the thickness of the window layer.     

激光窗口杂散光固气耦合热效应对光束质量的影响

为实现激光传输内通道密封,会在末端加装带倾斜角的窗口,但窗口的回射杂散光辐照管壁会引起结构温升,加热通道内气体引起热效应。针对密封窗口的回射杂散光辐照加热直管道问题,建立了直管道部分结构场-气体密度场-光场的耦合仿真模型,分析了不同管道材料、管壁厚度、管道结构形式对光束波前畸变的影响。分析结果表明:等质量的铝、铜、钢三种材料中,铝管道引起的光束波前畸变最小,仅为钢、铜的约50%;通过管道外侧增加散热翅片以及高导热碳膜的方式来降低壁温、改善波前畸变的效果并不理想,波前RMS值下降不超过3%;增加受辐照段管道壁厚、提升管道热沉是降低光束波前畸变最有效的方案,铝管壁厚由8 mm增加至16 mm可使管道出口处的波像差RMS值从36.1 nm下降到21.4 nm,各阶像差均得到改善。研究结果能够为内通道部分管道设计和热效应评估提供一定的参考。     

Roof-edge preserving image smoothing based on MRFs

A novel Markov random field (MRF) model is proposed for roof-edge (as well as step-edge) preserving image smoothing. Image surfaces containing roof-edges are represented by piecewise continuous polynomial functions governed by a few parameters. Piecewise smoothness constraint is imposed on these parameters rather than on the surface heights as is in traditional models for step-edges. In this way, roof edges are preserved without the necessity to deal with unstable higher order derivatives.     

Adaptive contour smoothing based on inter-region contrast

An adaptive contour smoothing algorithm designed as a preprocessor for shape coders is presented. In the method, the degree of the adaptive smoothing is controlled based on the significance of each contour point, which is quantified according to inter-region contrast in an intensity image. The actual smoothing consists of an expansion operator and a thinning algorithm.     

Polyline线的抽稀与圆滑

在GIS基础数据的采集过程中，地理信息数据总量非常大，是海量数据，这就要求我们在数据处理的初级阶段采取合理有效的手段控制数据质量。针对这种情况，需要对数据进行圆滑或抽稀处理，这里介绍了对自动生成的等高线进行圆滑和抽稀处理的一种算法。     

Application of smoothing technique on twin support vector hypersphere

In order to improve the learning speed and reduce computational complexity of twin support vector hypersphere(TSVH), this paper presents a smoothed twin support vector hypersphere (STSVH) based on the smoothingtechnique. STSVH can generate two hyperspheres with each one covering as many samples as possible from thesame class respectively. Additionally, STSVH only solves a pair of unconstraint differentiable quadraticprogramming problems (QPPs) rather than a pair of constraint dual QPPs which makes STSVH faster than theTSVH. By considering the differentiable characteristics of STSVH, a fast Newton-Armijo algorithm is used forsolving STSVH. Numerical experiment results on normally distributed clustered datasets ( NDC) as well asUniversity of California Irvine (UCI) data sets indicate that the significant advantages of the proposed STSVH in terms of efficiency and generalization performance.