一种PID参数整定的粒子群优化算法

提出了一种PID控制器参数整定的粒子群优化算法。该方法首先通过定义一个包含系统超调量、上升时间和稳态误差指标项的适应度函数,并根据系统的实际控制要求对各指标项适当加权。之后由带收缩因子的粒子群算法对PID进行多目标寻优,从而实现PID控制器的自动参数整定。仿真结果表明,该方法优化得到PID控制器的综合性能优于常规方法得到的PID控制器。     

基于改进遗传算法的环形倒立摆PID参数整定

针对传统的环形倒立摆PID控制器参数整定方法主观性强,系统响应性能不佳等问题,提出来了一种基于改进遗传算法的环形倒立摆PID参数整定方法.采用仿真研究方法,比较了试凑法、遗传算法和改进遗传算法求取的PID控制器参数对环形倒立摆的控制效果.实验表明,相比于试凑法,遗传算法得到的PID控制器参数使系统的超调量减小、调节时间缩短;改进的遗传算法得到的PID控制器参数使系统的响应性能进一步优化.改进遗传算法求取PID控制器参数的方法对于环形倒立摆以外的控制系统也有借鉴作用.     

基于双种群遗传算法的四旋翼飞行器PID参数整定方法

针对四旋翼飞行器的PID控制器参数整定问题,提出使用双种群遗传算法对控制器参数进行寻优;四旋翼飞行器的PID参数调整困难,由于通道间的耦合关系使常规的参数调整方法失效,提出结合双种群遗传算法,寻找最优的PID参数组合,实现飞行器控制;结合动力学模型并加以适当简化,设计了PID控制器,使用双种群遗传算法整定参数,进行了数据仿真实验;结果表明,双种群遗传算法能够提高单种群遗传算法5%的性能,获得的参数控制效果更好。     

球杆系统自适应遗传PID控制

遗传算法全局寻优参数,但训练时间较长;PID控制算法简单,却难以控制非线性复杂过程.将自适应遗传算法和PID相结合,可有效地改善控制效果.通过建立球杆系统机械部分模型、角度模型和电机模型,得到整个球杆系统的数学模型;设计基于遗传算法的自适应PID控制器,通过在线整定控制器参数,提高球杆系统的控制性能.仿真实验结果证明了该算法的控制效果良好,适应能力较强,具有算法简单、参数整定容易等优点.     

基于DNA-GA-RBF的PID参数优化

PID控制器因为结构简单,容易实现,并且具有较强的鲁棒性,因而被广泛应用于各种工业过程控制中。控制器参数直接影响控制器的性能,因此控制器的设计主要体现在控制器参数的调整上。参数自整定技术的发展一方面减轻了控制工程师现场调试的工作量,节省了大量的时间,另一方面也使整定的结果更加理想。利用DNA遗传算法的全局搜索的功能特性,对整个RBF神经网络参数进行优化,将RBF网络不同的中心矢量和其对应的基宽向量及各个调节权重统一编码,使得整个网络模型达到全局最优。然后利用该混合算法对PID参数进行整定,仿真证明该算法能有效地实现PID参数最优整定,其性能优于常规的RBF算法,为解决PID控制器参数最优设计提供了一种有效的方法。     

基于SMEC的PID控制器参数优化整定方法

PID控制器参数的优化整定一直是自动控制领域的研究热点。提出一种利用改进思维进化计算（MEC）优化PID控制器参数的方法，在原有算法的框架上，加入自调整操作，依据进化方向和进化时间自动调整两种散布因子。经仿真表明使用SMEC方法整定得到的PID控制器参数可以获得满意的控制效果，其性能优于利用遗传算法得到的效果。     

遗传算法的自适应PID控制器的应用

针对工业过程中常见的二阶延迟系统的PID参数整定问题,提出了基于实数编码遗传算法的自适应参数整定方法.该方法利用遗传算法可快速全局寻优的特点,通过对控制器参数进行实数编码,将性能指标构成相应的适应度函数,采用自适应变异概率,反复进行遗传操作获得整定控制器的最佳参数.仿真结果表明所提出的整定方法效果显著,且控制器具有良好的抗干扰能力.     

基于遗传算法的PID参数整定及仿真

PID参数整定是一个多参量组合优化问题,文章针对目前常用的工程整定法和理论设计法只能从系统的单项性能指标出发进行整定,而无法对系统性能进行全面控制的缺陷,提出了基于遗传算法的PID参数整定方法.这种方法可以充分利用遗传算法的适应度函数,有效地引入所需的系统性能指标,对系统进行全面的参数设计.而且,文章通过实例对几种参数整定方法的控制效果进行了仿真和比较,证明了基于遗传算法的PID参数整定方法的可行性和良好的控制效果.     

遗传算法在跨超声速风洞总压控制中的应用

总压作为风洞控制中的重要流场参数,其调节性能是风洞控制系统能否满足试验要求的重要指标,为提高跨超声速风洞的总压控制水平,需对总压控制策略进行设计。针对某跨超声速风洞对总压控制系统提出的快速性和精确性要求,提出串级控制、智能PID控制和总压分段控制等方法,并利用MATLAB系统辨识工具箱对流场调节阶段的总压系统模型进行了辨识。提出将遗传算法应用于风洞流场调节阶段的PID控制器参数整定中,重点对基于遗传算法的PID控制原理和参数整定步骤进行介绍,并针对遗传算法的遗传算子进行了设计。系统仿真和风洞实际运行情况表明：该方法较常规PID参数整定与优化方法,具有更好的控制性能指标,满足总压控制系统精确性、快速性、鲁棒性等要求,为后续风洞建设和设备改造提供了新方法。     

一种实用的PID自整定方法

本文提出一种基于系统时域性能指标的PID参数整定方法。首称求出一组PID控制器的初始参数，然后按时域指标的期望值进行整定。仿真结果表明此方法能有效改善系统性能。     

OPTIMIZATION OF DECENTRALIZED PI/PID CONTROLLERS BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM

In this paper, an optimization method of tuning decentralized PI/PID controllers based on genetic algorithms is presented. First, the existence of decentralized PI controllers with integrity is examined. Then, stable regions of each PI/PID controller parameters are calculated as the feasible area to be exploited, and the optimal PI/PID controllers are obtained by using a real‐coded genetic algorithm with elitist strategy, to meet the design specifications for the whole control system. The proposed method is applied to six examples from literature. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed decentralized PI control is compatible to the referenced method while the decentralized PID control is better than the referenced method, and the proposed method is feasible for more complicated control systems optimizations.     

机器人柔性手臂混合ITAE最佳鲁棒控制研究

机器人柔性手臂动力学模型的复杂性及客观系统中的不确定因素,使传统的控制系统很难达到预定的控制要求,寻求鲁棒性强的控制策略势在必行。针对模型参数及扰动的不确定性,进行混合ITAE最佳控制、H∞PID鲁棒控制策略研究,同时利用遗传算法(GA)的隐含并行性和全局搜索特点整定控制器的控制参数以达到混合ITAE、H∞优化性能,并用MATLAB软件进行数值仿真,结果表明这种控制设计方法适用于柔性机器人手臂的控制。     

Design of fuzzy PID controllers using modified triangular membership functions

A design method for fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers is investigated in this study. Based on conventional triangular membership functions used in fuzzy inference systems, the modified triangular membership functions are proposed to improve a system’s performance according to knowledge-based reasonings. The parameters of the considered controllers are tuned by means of genetic algorithms (GAs) using a fitness function associated with the system’s performance indices. The merits of the proposed controllers are illustrated by considering a model of the induction motor control system and a higher-order numerical model.     

Integration of PSO and GA for optimum design of fuzzy PID controllers in a pendubot system

In this paper, a novel auto-tuning method is proposed to design fuzzy PID controllers for asymptotical stabilization of a pendubot system. In the proposed method, a fuzzy PID controller is expressed in terms of fuzzy rules, in which the input variables are the error signals and their derivatives, while the output variables are the PID gains. In this manner, the PID gains are adaptive and the fuzzy PID controller has more flexibility and capability than the conventional ones with fixed gains. To tune the fuzzy PID controller simultaneously, an evolutionary learning algorithm integrating particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) methods is proposed. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed method is indeed more efficient in improving the asymptotical stability of the pendubot system. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

New optimal controller tuning method for an AVR system using a simplified Ant Colony Optimization with a new constrained Nelder–Mead algorithm

In this paper, an optimal gain tuning method for PID controllers is proposed using a novel combination of a simplified Ant Colony Optimization algorithm and Nelder–Mead method (ACO-NM) including a new procedure to constrain NM. To address Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller tuning for the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system, this paper presents a meta-analysis of the literature on PID parameter sets solving the AVR problem. The investigation confirms that the proposed ACO-NM obtains better or equivalent PID solutions and exhibits higher computational efficiency than previously published methods. The proposed ACO-NM application is extended to realistic conditions by considering robustness to AVR process parameters, control signal saturation and noisy measurements as well as tuning a two-degree-of-freedom PID controller (2DOF-PID). For this type of PID, a new objective function is also proposed to manage control signal constraints. Finally, real time control experiments confirm the performance of the proposed 2DOF-PIDs in quasi-real conditions. Furthermore, the efficiency of the algorithm is confirmed by comparing its results to other optimization algorithms and NM combinations using benchmark functions.     

基于改进遗传算法的PID调节器多目标优化设计

文章提出了一种基于改进的遗传算法(IGA)的PID调节器的优化设计方法。采用一种新的多染色体交叉操作和复合式变异操作,有效地提高了遗传算法的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。将IGA用于PID调节器的多目标优化设计,可现实PID调节器参数的最优整定。仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

Comparison and application of DDC algorithms for a heat exchanger

In recent years, several algorithms for Direct Digital Control (DDC) have been proposed in literature. Although some of these, such as PID or cascade controllers, are very commonly used in industrial applications, the more recent ones like optimal state feedback controllers using an observer or parameter adaptive controllers have rarely been applied to a real plant. The primary difficulty behind this application has been perhaps the lack of testing such algorithms on a pilot plant. Moreover, there has been no serious attempt to make a comparative study of the merits of such algorithms for an existing plant under actual operating conditions. In this paper, seven DDC algorithms are applied to the temperature control of a heat exchanger. These algorithms are: PID, cascade, compensation (pole assignment), deadbeat, half-proportional, adaptive and optimal state feedback controller using an observer. The system performance and sensitivity with respect to changes of the plant parameters, disturbances and set point variations are investigated for the heat exchanger using these algorithms. The results indicate that the more sophisticated algorithms, e.g. optimal state feedback, compensation and adaptive controllers, requiring more computer time and memory, yield relatively less improvement when applied to a low-order plant than do the simple algorithms such as PID or cascade. It was deduced that the PID controller with anti-windup is the most suitable one.     

PID control of MIMO process based on rank niching genetic algorithm

Non-linear multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processes which are common in industrial plants are characterized by significant interactions and non- linearities among their variables. Thus, tuning several controllers in complex industrial plants is a challenge for process engineers and operators. An approach for adjusting the parameters of n proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers based on multiobjective optimization and genetic algorithms (GA) is presented in this paper. A modified genetic algorithm with elitist model and niching method is developed to guarantee a set of solutions (set of PID parameters) with different tradeoffs regarding the multiple requirements of the control performance. Experiments considering a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, under PI and dynamic matrix control (DMC) are carried out in order to evaluate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed approach is an alternative to classical techniques as Ziegler–Nichols rules and others.     

New methodology for analytical and optimal design of fuzzy PIDcontrollers

Describes a methodology for the systematic design of fuzzy PID controllers based on theoretical fuzzy analysis and, genetic-based optimization. An important feature of the proposed controller is its simple structure. It uses a one-input fuzzy inference with three rules and at most six tuning parameters. A closed-form solution for the control action is defined in terms of the nonlinear tuning parameters. The nonlinear proportional gain is explicitly derived in the error domain. A conservative design strategy is proposed for realizing a guaranteed-PID-performance (GPP) fuzzy controller. This strategy suggests that a fuzzy PID controller should be able to produce a linear function from its nonlinearity tuning of the system. The proposed PID system is able to produce a close approximation of a linear function for approximating the GPP system. This GPP system, incorporated with a genetic solver for the optimization, will provide the performance no worse than the corresponding linear controller with respect to the specific performance criteria. Two indexes, linearity approximation index (LAI) and nonlinearity variation index (NVI), are suggested for evaluating the nonlinear design of fuzzy controllers. The proposed control system has been applied to several first-order, second-order, and fifth-order processes. Simulation results show that the proposed fuzzy PID controller produces superior control performance to the conventional PID controllers, particularly in handling nonlinearities due to time delay and saturation