银掺杂二氧化钛/活性炭复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

为提高二氧化钛/活性炭（AC）复合材料对可见光的利用率,基于溶胶-凝胶法制备了银掺杂的二氧化钛/活性炭复合光催化剂。利用一系列测试方法对光催化剂进行了表征,通过亚甲基蓝（MB）和Cr（Ⅵ）废水的降解效果研究了其光催化活性。结果表明,掺杂银的材料,吸附性能和可见光下的光催化性能均得到提升。在材料投加量为400 mg/L情况下,银-二氧化钛/AC复合光催化剂在30 min内对10 mg/L MB溶液的降解率达到98.55%,在60 min内对20 mg/L MB溶液、10 mg/L Cr（Ⅵ）溶液的降解率分别达到76.92%和53.90%;与未掺杂的材料相比,降解率分别提升了14%、47%、137%。这是由于Ag纳米颗粒可以有效地俘获价带电子,减少电子空穴的复合,从而提高了光催化效果。     

微波–水热两步法合成花状Ag@AgBr/Bi_2WO_6及其可见光催化性能

通过微波-水热两步法制备了花状Ag@Ag Br/Bi_2WO_6复合光催化剂。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱等对样品进行了表征,通过可见光降解甲基橙检测了复合光催化剂的催化活性。结果表明:Ag@Ag Br颗粒覆盖在Bi_2WO_6片上,在复合光催化剂表面生成Ag~0。当Ag@Ag Br与Bi_2WO_6的摩尔比为1:5时,Ag@Ag Br/Bi_2WO_6的光催化活性最高,并有良好的稳定性,优于单一的Ag@Ag Br或Bi_2WO_6。Ag@Ag Br/Bi_2WO_6的光催化活性和稳定性增强的原因是由于纳米银粒子的表面等离子体效应和Ag Br与Bi_2WO_6间形成的异质结协同作用的结果。     

紫外光诱导法合成纳米银/羟基磷灰石及其性能研究

以羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）为模板剂,采用紫外光诱导制备了羟基磷灰石（HAP）负载银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）的复合光催化剂（Ag/HAP）。通过X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电镜、紫外-可见光吸收光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪等对其化学组成、形貌结构和光学性能等进行表征。结果表明,CMC作为模板剂不仅在紫外光诱导下将Ag⁺还原为Ag⁰,还对载体HAP的形貌、粒径起到调控作用。在甲基橙光催化降解试验中,当Ag的质量分数为1%时,降解率最高达98.31%,银纳米颗粒和HAP两者间的协同作用有效地提高了光催化性能。     

Ag/AgBr-硅藻土复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光光催化性能

采用沉积-沉淀-光还原法制备了Ag/Ag Br-硅藻土复合光催化剂。利用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)技术对产物进行了表征,测试了Ag/Ag Br-硅藻土复合光催化剂在可见光下(λ420nm)对罗丹明B(Rh B)的光催化降解性能。基于自由基捕获实验探讨了Ag/Ag Br-硅藻土复合光催化剂催化降解Rh B过程中的主要活性成分以及光催化降解Rh B的机理。结果表明,当Ag/Ag Br与硅藻土质量比为4∶1时,Ag/Ag Br-硅藻土复合催化剂具有最高的光催化活性,光照60min后,Rh B的降解效率高达83.1%。机理研究表明h~+和·O_2~–在降解Rh B过程中为主要活性成分。     

AgBr/ZnO复合材料光催化剂及其光催化性能

通过一步水热法制备了AgBr/ZnO复合光催化剂,并采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、紫外–可见光漫反射光谱仪和光致发光光谱仪对样品进行表征,分析了AgBr/ZnO体系的合成对材料光催化性能的影响。以罗丹明B溶液为目标污染物,研究复合催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明:在制备的复合样品中,Ag Br与ZnO摩尔比为1:5时(AgBr/ZnO-2)光催化活性最好,在可见光照射下,60 min对罗丹明B的降解率可达98.98%,相比于ZnO光催化活性明显提升,降解速率常数提升了11.08倍;与商用TiO2(P25)相比,降解速率常数提升了10.14倍,这主要归因于Ag Br/ZnO拥有比ZnO更低的电子空穴复合概率,且复合催化剂的光学吸收带边发生红移,从而增强了对可见光的吸收。     

Ag@AgCl/Mg-Al-LDHs复合光催化剂的制备及可见光催化活性

采用过饱和沉淀法制备了镁铝层状双金属氢氧化物(Mg-Al-LDHs)载体,再以Ag NO3和HCl通过沉积-沉淀法制得Ag Cl/Mg-Al-LDHs,光还原后得到了可见光响应和高活性的Ag@Ag Cl/Mg-Al-LDHs等离子体共振光催化剂。采用XRD,SEM,TG-DTG,FT-IR和BET等技术对催化剂的相结构和微观形貌等进行了表征。结果表明:Mg-AlLDHs因其较大的负载表面使得负载的Ag@Ag Cl纳米粒子颗粒变小、分散程度增强,这不仅增加了复合材料的活性位点,而且提高了负载Ag@Ag Cl纳米颗粒的光生电子-空穴对的氧化-还原能力,从而使得复合材料具有比Ag@Ag Cl更高的反应活性。在可见光条件下(λ420 nm),Ag@Ag Cl/Mg-Al-LDHs复合材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的活性明显高于纯Ag@Ag Cl,当Ag@Ag Cl的负载量(质量分数)为16%时表现出最好的光催化活性,可见光照射10 mg/L MB溶液180 min的光解率达96.04%。     

Ag3PO4/AgI光催化剂的制备及降解2-氨基-4-乙酰氨基苯甲醚机理

研究了Ag₃PO₄复合棒状AgI光催化剂的制备及降解2-氨基-4-乙酰氨基苯甲醚（AMA）的性能和机理,利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、紫外可见漫反射（UV-Vis）、光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对合成样品的物相组成和形貌结构进行了表征。通过可见光催化降解AMA来评价光催化剂的催化性能。实验结果显示,Ag₃PO₄/AgI复合光催化剂比Ag₃PO₄和AgI单体具有更强的光催化氧化与还原能力,其中以I和P的比例为1∶5时效果最佳,且在五次循环使用之后仍有较好的光催化活性。自由基捕获实验证明光催化过程中光生空穴（h⁺）是主要的活性物种。投加量为30mg、光照时间60min的条件下可将AMA几乎完全去除。本文研究结果为构筑新型可见光光催化剂提供了新视角,为促进光催化降解有机污染物提供了新途径。     

BiOX(X=Cl、Br、I)/硅藻土光催化剂的制备与性能

以五水硝酸铋、KX(X=Cl、Br、I)、硅藻土为原料,采用直接水解法制备了质量比不同的BiOX/硅藻土复合光催化剂,并进行了XRD和SEM表征分析,同时采用罗丹明B为目标降解物,以50 W LED紫光/蓝光灯为光源考察了制备光催化剂的可见光光催化性能.结果表明BiOX在硅藻土圆筛上成功负载且为片状分级结构,同等条件下,水解体系中1.0 g硅藻土负载BiOBr得到的复合光催化剂具有最优的光催化性能,在染料初始浓度为15 mg/L,催化剂用量为0.15 g,50 W LED蓝光灯照射50 min的条件下罗丹明B的降解率达到了86.7%.     

Ag@AgI/AgBr改性TiO_2纳米管光催化剂的制备及光催化性能研究

通过原位生长法合成Ag I/Ag Br改性的Ti O2纳米管,并通过光化学反应制备了Ag@Ag I/Ag Br/Ti O2纳米管复合光催化剂;采用X射线粉末衍射、紫外可见光谱和透射电子显微镜等方法表征了样品的结构与形貌,并以甲基橙为模型化合物研究复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明:在500 W的钨灯照射60 min后,复合光催化剂对甲基橙的降解率为68.13%。     

银修饰钒酸铋的制备及其催化性能研究

将低温水热法制备的单斜晶型BiVO_4作为载体,采用光还原法获得催化活性提升的Ag/BiVO_4复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线能谱(EDX)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-DRS)表征方法检测Ag/BiVO_4材料的组成和光学性质,测试了Ag/BiVO_4在可见光照射条件下对罗丹明B(Rh B)的降解性能。结果表明,10 at%Ag/BiVO_4复合材料表现出最佳的光催化活性。本工作合成条件温和、步骤简便,并对银负载钒酸铋光催化剂的催化活性机理进行讨论。     

Strongly visible-light responsive plasmonic shaped AgX:Ag (X = Cl, Br) nanoparticles for reduction of CO(2) to methanol

Plasmonic shaped AgX:Ag (X = Cl, Br) nanoparticles have been synthesized by a facile and versatile glycerol-mediated solution route. The as-prepared AgX:Ag nanoparticles exhibit regular shapes, i.e., cube-tetrapod-like AgCl:Ag nanoparticles and AgBr:Ag nanoplates. Compared with the pristine AgX, AgX:Ag nanocomposites display stronger absorption in the visible region due to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The calculation of bandgaps and band positions indicates the as-achieved AgX:Ag nanoparticles can be used as a class of potential photocatalyst for the reduction of CO(2). For example, reduction of CO(2) under visible light irradiation with the assistance of the anisotropic AgX:Ag nanoparticles yields as much as 100 μmol methanol in the products. Furthermore, the AgX:Ag nanoparticles can maintain its structure and activity after 3 runs of reactions. Therefore, the present route opens an avenue to acquire plasmonic photocatalysts for conversion of CO(2) into useful organic compounds.     

Novel in-situ synthesis of Au/SnO2 quantum dots for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic applications

In recent years, visible-light-driven metal–semiconductor nanocomposites have emerged as a suitable material for the decomposition of various water and air pollutants. In this work, a novel plasmonic Au nanoparticle (NP)/SnO₂ quantum dot (SQD) nanocomposite photocatalysts were prepared via a one-step solvothermal technique. The as-prepared plasmonic photocatalysts were characterized by various techniques, and the results established the formation of Au/SQD nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared plasmonic Au/SQD nanocomposites was examined by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) at room temperature under visible light, and the Au/SQD photocatalyst, prepared using 1.0?g of tin chloride, exhibited a higher rate constant of RhB degradation than pristine SQDs. This exceptional improvement in catalytic performance under visible light is ascribed to a shift of the band gap from the ultraviolet to the visible region. The surface plasmon resonance effect of Au NPs and the synergistic coupling of the metal and the semiconductor QDs also played a vital role in enhancing the catalytic performance. The process of the photocatalytic degradation of RhB by the Au/SQD nanocomposites under visible light is described.     

新型中空卤化银颗粒乳剂的制备和性能研究 Ⅶ．中空立方体碘氯溴化银颗粒乳剂的制备和感光性能研究

本文利用双注仪制备出中空立方体碘氯溴颗粒乳剂并研究其感光性能．结果表明：由于中空颗粒具有独特的孔洞结构,使位错、缺陷增加,填隙银离子浓度增加和电子陷阱增多,潜影形成效率提高,从而达到提高乳剂感光性能的目的．     

Laser-Induced Silver Nanoparticles on Titanium Oxide for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Silver nanoparticles doped on titanium oxide (TiO₂) were produced by laser-liquid interaction of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) in isopropanol. Characteristics of Ag/TiO₂ (Ag doped TiO₂) nanoparticles produced by the methods presented in this article were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, and UV-Vis. From the UV-Vis measurements, the absorption of visible light of the Ag/TiO₂ photocatalysts was improved (additional absorption at longer wavelength in visible light region) obviously. The photocatalytic efficiency of Ag/TiO₂ was tested by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. A maximum of 82.3% MB degradation is achieved by 2.0 wt% Ag/TiO₂ photocatalyst under 2 h illumination with a halogen lamp.     

基于表面等离子体共振效应的Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的研究进展

由具有表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)效应的贵金属(Ag、Au等)纳米粒子和半导体纳米结构组成的纳米复合光催化剂具有优异的可见光光催化活性,成为新型光催化材料的研究热点之一。本文综述了Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的制备方法、基本性质以及光催化应用方面的一些重要研究进展;重点介绍了Ag(Au)等纳米粒子的表面等离子共振增强可见光催化活性的机理,以及Ag(Au)纳米粒子与不同类型半导体复合的光催化剂的光催化性能,其中所涉及的半导体包括金属氧化物、硫化物和其他一些半导体;本领域未来几年的研究热点将集中于新型高效的Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的微结构调控及其用于可见光驱动有机反应的机理研究。本文为基于SPR效应构建Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的研究提供了有力的参考依据,并且指出Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的研究是发展可见光高效光催化剂的重要方向。     

ZnO纳米棒阵列的改进水热方法制备、银修饰及光催化活性研究

ZnO纳米棒阵列是近来研究较多的光催化剂,通过银等贵金属修饰可提高光催化活性。以硝酸锌和六亚甲基四胺为前驱物,通过优化水热合成参数（包括种子层和水热生长液浓度等）以及光化学还原沉积银制备高活性ZnO纳米棒阵列。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射以及紫外-可见漫反射光谱对样品进行表征。结果表明,种子层和水热反应液浓度均对ZnO纳米棒阵列的活性产生影响。银修饰后,光吸收增强,吸收带边从紫外光区拓展到可见光区。光催化降解甲基橙溶液结果表明,银修饰的ZnO纳米棒阵列较纯ZnO纳米棒阵列降解甲基橙的活性提高30%。     

Different coordination modes of a tripod phosphine in gold(i) and silver(i) complexes

The following gold(I) and silver(I) complexes of the tritertiary phosphine 1,1,1- tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane, tripod , have been synthesised: Au(3)(tripod)X(3) [X = Cl(1), Br(2), I(3)]; [Au(3)(tripod)(2)Cl(2)]Cl (4); Au(tripod)X [X = Br(5), I(6)]; Ag(3)(tripod) (NO(3))(4) (7), Ag(tripod)NO(3) (8). They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (complexes 2, 3 and 4), (31)P NMR spectroscopy, electrospray and FAB mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. Complexes 2 and 3 show a linear coordination geometry for Au(I), with relatively short Au-P bond distances. Complex 3 has a Au***Au intramolecular distance of 3.326 A degrees , while complex 2 had a short Au***Au intermolecular interaction of 3.048 A degrees . Complexes 4-6 were found by (31)P NMR spectroscopy studies to contain a mixture of species in solution, one of which crystallised as [Au(3)(tripod|)(2)Cl(2)]Cl which was shown by X-ray diffraction to contain both tetrahedral and linear Au(I), the first example of a Au(I) complex containing such a mixture of geometries. The reaction of [Au(3) (tripod)Cl(3)] (1) with tripod led successfully to the formation of [Au(3)(tripod|)(2)Cl(2)](+) and [Au(3)(tripod)(2)Cl(3)](+) and [Au(3)(tripod|)(3)Cl](2+). The silver(I) complexes, 7 and 8 appear to contain linear and tetrahedral Ag(I), respectively.     

Photodegradation of Methylene Blue with Ag2O/TiO2 under Visible Light: Operational Parameters

Ag₂O modified TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation and wet impregnation method. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed to quantify Ag amount in the photocatalysts. The photocatalysts occurred in the concentration range of 0.05%–2% in the Ag/Ti molar ratio. The photocatalytic activity was investigated for the degradation of methylene blue as a model organic dye. Optimum reaction conditions were determined to provide maximum dye degradation efficiencies under visible light. Under visible light illumination, C2-Ag₂O/TiO₂ (Ag/Ti = 0.1/100) showed the highest activity. Reaction rate constants were calculated and compared for various reaction conditions.     

Development of highly efficient cost-effective CdS/Ag nanocomposite for removal of azo dyes under UV and solar light

Water pollution by toxic dyes is an environmental problem that threatens human health. A green technology to solve this problem is the use of highly efficient photocatalysts under visible/solar light to degrade these organic molecules. However, develop affordable photocatalytic particles with high luminescence performance, enhanced stability, and low degradation is still a challenge. Here, it is reported the hydrothermal synthesis of an advanced and cost-effective nanocomposite based on a ceramic, cadmium sulphide, covered by silver nanoparticles (CdS/Ag), with outstanding photocatalytic efficiency for toxic dyes degradation under ultraviolet and direct solar light. The CdS/Ag nanocomposite completely degrade the Reactive Red 120 (RR 120), Acid Black 1 (AB 1) and Direct Blue 15 (DB 15) dyes in both light irradiations. Without scavenger, about 93% of degradation was observed at 75 min, remaining a high stability (more than 90%) after fourth degradation cycles.     

A review and recent developments on strategies to improve the photocatalytic elimination of organic dye pollutants by BiOX (X=Cl,Br, I,F) nanostructures

The main environmental problems associated with water body pollution are typically those caused by the discharge of untreated effluents released by various industries. Wastewater from the textile dye industry is itself a large contributor and contains a huge number of complex components, a wide spectrum of organic pollutants with high concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other toxic elements. One of several potential techniques to degrade such reactive dyes before being discharged to water bodies is photocatalysis, and bismuth-based photocatalysts are rapidly gaining popularity in this direction. Bismuth oxyhalides, BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I, F), as a group of ternary compound semiconductors (V-VI-VII), have been explored extensively for their photocatalytic activity due to their unique crystal lattice with special layered structure in pure as well as modified form. With suitable band gap and band edge positions, which are a required condition for efficient water breakup and high photon absorption, BiOCl scores over other oxyhalides. Photocatalytic activity depends on many factors such as synthesis method, morphology, size, illumination type, dye choice among others. This paper gives a critical review on bismuth oxyhalides as a family on various aspects of modifications such as doping (with unique and interesting metals as well), morphology and synthesis parameters, polymer and carbon assisted composites in order to further enhance the photocatalytic efficiency in UV/visible region of solar spectrum.