BiOX(X=Cl、Br、I)/硅藻土光催化剂的制备与性能

以五水硝酸铋、KX(X=Cl、Br、I)、硅藻土为原料,采用直接水解法制备了质量比不同的BiOX/硅藻土复合光催化剂,并进行了XRD和SEM表征分析,同时采用罗丹明B为目标降解物,以50 W LED紫光/蓝光灯为光源考察了制备光催化剂的可见光光催化性能.结果表明BiOX在硅藻土圆筛上成功负载且为片状分级结构,同等条件下,水解体系中1.0 g硅藻土负载BiOBr得到的复合光催化剂具有最优的光催化性能,在染料初始浓度为15 mg/L,催化剂用量为0.15 g,50 W LED蓝光灯照射50 min的条件下罗丹明B的降解率达到了86.7%.     

AgCl/BiFeO3复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用水热法合成了BiFeO_3,使用光还原技术将AgCl沉积在BiFeO_3表面,制备了具有可见光催化活性的AgCl/BiFeO_3复合光催化剂,并利用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis DRS等分析了AgCl/BiFeO_3异质结的物相、表面结构和光响应性等性能。结果表明,AgCl的沉积不仅改善了BiFeO_3的表面结构,有效促进光生电子的迁移;而且扩宽了BiFeO_3的光响应范围,提高了BiFeO_3的可见光响应能力。以光催化降解模拟染料废水的效果评价其可见光催化性能。结果表明,Ag与Bi物质的量比为1∶2时,AgCl/BiFeO_3复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解效果最佳,光照210 min,降解率可达92.5%。AgCl/BiFeO_3复合光催化剂具有良好的光催化稳定性,循环使用5次后,降解率仍能达到80%以上。     

金属/磷酸银复合光催化剂的研究进展

磷酸银被发现是一种具有极高活性的可见光催化剂而受到密切关注。但单独的磷酸银半导体具有稳定性差等缺点,限制了其进一步应用。梳理发现构建金属/磷酸银复合光催化剂可以实现磷酸银光生载流子的有效分离,同时还可发挥纳米金属粒子的等离子体共振效应,从而提高复合光催化剂的催化活性和稳定性,此外还可借助其他助剂构建三元复合金属/磷酸银光催化剂。本综述对磷酸银光催化剂的改性研究具有指导意义。     

磁铁矿粉/磷酸银磁性复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以天然铁矿石为原料,经过粉碎、清洗、磁选后获得磁铁矿粉,然后采用沉淀法制得磁铁矿粉/磷酸银复合光催化剂。研究结果表明,该复合光催化剂兼具磁性易回收特性和高效脱除水中有机染料的能力,在废水处理领域具有良好的应用前景。     

双效功能型复合光催化剂Ag/TiO2/AC的制备及光催化活性

以硝酸银、四氯化钛及活性炭为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了3种复合光催化剂。通过TEM、XRD、BET和UV-Vis光谱对复合光催化剂的形貌、物相组成、比表面积和吸光性能进行了表征,并以甲基橙的脱色降解为模型反应,考察了样品的光催化性能。结果表明:其光催化活性大小顺序为Ag/Ti O2/ACAg/Ti O2Ti O2,其中,Ag/Ti O2/AC由于具有895.21 m2/g的比表面积和Ag的负载改性而具有吸附、光催化双效功能,且对光的吸收扩展到可见光区,对甲基橙的最大降解率能达到95.2%。催化剂连续重复使用5次,Ag/Ti O2/AC对甲基橙溶液的脱色降解率均保持在90%以上。     

Ag3PO4形貌和晶面对Ag/Ag3PO4等离子体催化剂光催化还原CO2的影响

采用简单的离子交换-光还原法制备了3种表面暴露的晶面分别为单一{110}、{100}和{111}晶面的Ag/Ag₃PO₄等离子体光催化剂,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、X射线光电子能谱和比表面积测试等技术分别对3种样品的晶相组成、微观形貌和吸光度等进行了表征。所制备催化剂用于可见光照射下光催化还原气相中的CO₂生成碳氢化合物,考察了催化剂暴露的晶面与催化还原CO₂活性的关系,并探讨Ag/Ag₃PO₄光催化还原CO₂的机理。研究表明,{111}晶面暴露的四面体Ag/Ag₃PO₄具有最大的光催化还原CO₂生成CH₃OH的光量子效率、能量投入产出比和转换数。CO₂可通过CO₂ → ·CO₂^- → HCOOH → HCHO → CH₃OH途径还原。     

TiO2光催化剂掺杂改性的研究进展

TiO₂在利用光能和环保等领域具有重要应用前景。由于TiO₂具有较大禁带宽度，限制其对太阳光等可见光能的利用。通过对TiO₂掺杂改性，合成出具有较窄禁带宽度和稳定性好的光催化剂，促进光催化剂的实际应用。介绍了TiO₂光催化作用机理，从金属掺杂、非金属掺杂和共掺杂等方面总结TiO₂催化剂掺杂改性的研究现状。     

基于表面等离子体共振效应的Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的研究进展

由具有表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)效应的贵金属(Ag、Au等)纳米粒子和半导体纳米结构组成的纳米复合光催化剂具有优异的可见光光催化活性,成为新型光催化材料的研究热点之一。本文综述了Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的制备方法、基本性质以及光催化应用方面的一些重要研究进展;重点介绍了Ag(Au)等纳米粒子的表面等离子共振增强可见光催化活性的机理,以及Ag(Au)纳米粒子与不同类型半导体复合的光催化剂的光催化性能,其中所涉及的半导体包括金属氧化物、硫化物和其他一些半导体;本领域未来几年的研究热点将集中于新型高效的Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的微结构调控及其用于可见光驱动有机反应的机理研究。本文为基于SPR效应构建Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的研究提供了有力的参考依据,并且指出Ag(Au)/半导体纳米复合光催化剂的研究是发展可见光高效光催化剂的重要方向。     

Ag@AgCl/Mg-Al-LDHs复合光催化剂的制备及可见光催化活性

采用过饱和沉淀法制备了镁铝层状双金属氢氧化物(Mg-Al-LDHs)载体,再以Ag NO3和HCl通过沉积-沉淀法制得Ag Cl/Mg-Al-LDHs,光还原后得到了可见光响应和高活性的Ag@Ag Cl/Mg-Al-LDHs等离子体共振光催化剂。采用XRD,SEM,TG-DTG,FT-IR和BET等技术对催化剂的相结构和微观形貌等进行了表征。结果表明:Mg-AlLDHs因其较大的负载表面使得负载的Ag@Ag Cl纳米粒子颗粒变小、分散程度增强,这不仅增加了复合材料的活性位点,而且提高了负载Ag@Ag Cl纳米颗粒的光生电子-空穴对的氧化-还原能力,从而使得复合材料具有比Ag@Ag Cl更高的反应活性。在可见光条件下(λ420 nm),Ag@Ag Cl/Mg-Al-LDHs复合材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的活性明显高于纯Ag@Ag Cl,当Ag@Ag Cl的负载量(质量分数)为16%时表现出最好的光催化活性,可见光照射10 mg/L MB溶液180 min的光解率达96.04%。     

Spectral Investigation and Color Properties of Copper(I) Halides CuX (X=F,Cl, Br,I) in Pyrotechnic Combustion Flames

Four pyrotechnic compositions containing copper or its compounds and different halogens were tailored to produce the emitters copper(I) fluoride, CuF, copper(I) chloride, CuCl, copper(I) bromide, CuBr, and copper(I) iodide, CuI. The UV/Vis emission spectra of these compositions were measured and allow for the identification and assignment of the above species CuF, CuCl, CuBr, and CuI. Copper(I) fluoride is a poor emitter with a very narrow green band centered at λ=493 nm only. In contrast all the other copper(I) monohalides have extended band systems with boundaries ranging from about λ=400 to 540 nm. CuCl yields a blue chemiluminescence, whereas CuBr surprisingly gives a highly saturated (Σ=95 %) intense blue violet (λ_d=459 nm) emission. CuI displays an overall bluish green emission only due to more intense band systems λ>500 nm. The spectral properties of all the emitters and the color values of the emitters in the 1931‐CIE color diagram are presented.     

Strongly visible-light responsive plasmonic shaped AgX:Ag (X = Cl, Br) nanoparticles for reduction of CO(2) to methanol

Plasmonic shaped AgX:Ag (X = Cl, Br) nanoparticles have been synthesized by a facile and versatile glycerol-mediated solution route. The as-prepared AgX:Ag nanoparticles exhibit regular shapes, i.e., cube-tetrapod-like AgCl:Ag nanoparticles and AgBr:Ag nanoplates. Compared with the pristine AgX, AgX:Ag nanocomposites display stronger absorption in the visible region due to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The calculation of bandgaps and band positions indicates the as-achieved AgX:Ag nanoparticles can be used as a class of potential photocatalyst for the reduction of CO(2). For example, reduction of CO(2) under visible light irradiation with the assistance of the anisotropic AgX:Ag nanoparticles yields as much as 100 μmol methanol in the products. Furthermore, the AgX:Ag nanoparticles can maintain its structure and activity after 3 runs of reactions. Therefore, the present route opens an avenue to acquire plasmonic photocatalysts for conversion of CO(2) into useful organic compounds.     

Separation of Silver(I) and Copper(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Transport through Polymer Inclusion Membranes with Cyanex 471X

In this work the selective transport of silver(I) and copper(II) ions from aqueous nitrate(V) solutions by transport through polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) has been studied. The membrane consisted of cellulose triacatate (CTA) as the polymeric support, o-nitrophenyl pentyl ether (ONPPE) as the plasticizer and Cyanex 471X (triisobutylphosphine sulphide) as the ion carrier. Ag(I) ions were effectively removed from the source phase by transport through PIM into 0.01 M Na₂S₂O₃ as the receiving phase. The influence of membrane composition on the transport of silver(I) ions has been evaluated.     

Doping manganese into CsPb(Cl/Br)3 quantum dots glasses: Dual-color emission and super thermal stability

CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) represent bright and tunable photoluminescence, it is regrettable that the air instability and poor water resistant properties prevent their application in optoelectronic devices. At the same time, the toxicity of lead is also a major factor restricting its development. As a consequence, we demonstrate the partial replacement of Pb with Mn through conventional melt-quenching and heat-treatment method preparation of Mn-doped CsPb(Cl/Br)₃ QD glass. Mn-doped CsPb(Cl/Br)₃ QD glass exhibits high luminescent intensity like QDs. It is important that Mn-doped CsPb(Cl/Br)₃ QD glass with Dual-Color maintained the same lattice structure like Mn-doped CsPb(Cl/Br)₃ QDs, and highly homogeneous spectral characteristics of Mn luminescence. The intensity and position of this Mn-related emission are also tunable by altering the experimental parameters, such as the Pb-to-Mn feed ratio, annealing temperature. More importantly, the as-prepared orange Mn-doped CsPb(Cl/Br)₃ QD glass was employed to fabricate white LEDs combined with a commercial Ce³⁺:Y₃Al₅O₁₂ phosphor-in-glass (Ce-PiG) on top of a InGaN blue chip. And the constructed WLEDs generate a warm white with an optimal luminous efficacy (LE) of 67.00 lm/W, a high CRI of 81.4, and a low CCT of 4902 K.     

BiOX(Cl,Br,I)/Bi2WO6异质结型复合光催化剂用于高浓度氮氧化物的脱除

海中船舶排放的废气是大气污染的来源之一,其中的氮氧化物能使海洋酸化,不仅危害海洋生态系统,还会造成沿海城市空气污染,对人的身体健康也造成危害。光催化脱除大气中的氮氧化物被认为是可靠且有潜力的高级氧化脱除技术,但目前的研究大多针对低浓度（10^-9级）下氮氧化物脱除,针对船舶尾气中较高浓度（10^-6级）氮氧化物脱除的研究较少。本文采用超声辅助法制备了BiOX(Cl, Br, I)/Bi₂WO₆复合催化剂,紫外可见吸收光谱得到BiOX(Cl, Br, I)/Bi₂WO₆的带隙能分别为3.1eV、2.6eV和1.8eV,并且计算了其导带电位。光电流实验表明,BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆复合材料的光电流强度高于BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆和BiOI/Bi₂WO₆。模拟光催化脱硝实验表明,BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆在紫外线下NO的脱除率为37.5%,且BiOX/Bi₂WO₆复合光催化剂在5次循环后表现出良好的稳定性。通过原位红外吸收光谱分析,对BiOX/Bi₂WO₆催化剂上进行NO光催化氧化的中间产物进行了鉴定,提出了NO的氧化脱除途径。     

The metal-chain complexes (X)[Os(CO)3(CNBu)]3Mn(CO)5 (X=Cl, Br, I)

In what is a new metal-chain forming reaction, (X)[Os(CO)₃(CNBu^t)]₃Mn(CO)₅ (X=Cl, Br, I) complexes have been prepared by the successive addition of Os(CO)₄(CNBu^t) to Mn(CO)₅(X) in hexane. The crystal structure of the iodo derivative reveals it to contain an approximately linear Os₃ Mn chain of metal atoms.     

无铅或少铅钙钛矿CH3NH3M1-xPbxX3(M=Sn,Sr;X=Cl,Br,I)太阳能电池的研究进展

本文综述了Sn2+或Sr2+取代的无铅或少铅钙钛矿CH3NH3PbX3 (X=Cl,Br,I)的结构及其主要的制备方法,评述了各种方法的优缺点.简要介绍了无铅或少铅钙钛矿材料的能隙以及材料的稳定性对太阳能电池的影响,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

Intrinsic point defects and charge carrier trapping in monolayer BiOX (X = I,Br, and Cl)

Two-dimensional (2D) layered bismuth oxyhalides, BiOX (X = I, Br, and Cl), have great potential in optoelectronics and photocatalysis applications. The intrinsic point defects are crucial for carrier conductivity and transport. However, the understanding for defect physics of 2D atomic-scale BiOX are still unclear. Herein, through the first-principles calculations, we investigate the formation of intrinsic point defects and their effect on charge carrier trapping in 2D monolayer BiOX. Under a O-poor condition, the donor defects, such as the Bi_ad, Bi_X, V_O, and V_X, can form spontaneously and induce a high n-type conductivity. The V_X shows a shallow transition level and has no defect states. In contrast, the Bi_ad, Bi_X, and V_O display deep transition levels and obvious localized defect states that are responsible for the charge carrier trapping. As O becomes richer, the concentration of acceptor defects increases. Nevertheless, the donor and the acceptor defects can strongly compensate each other, pinning the Fermi energy in the band gap. The dominant acceptor defects, such as the Br_Bi, O_Br, and O_Cl, show the deep transition levels and serve as carrier traps due to the charge localized around the defect sites. Our work gives an insight into the defect physics of atomic-scale 2D BiOX and provides a guidance for their optoelectronics and photocatalysis applications.     

Solvent extraction of silver(I) from nitrate media using thiourea derivatives

Liquid–liquid extraction of Ag(I) from nitrate solutions using N‐(N′,N′‐diethyl thiocarbamoyl)‐N″‐phenylbenzamidine (TCBA) and 1‐6,‐diethylcarbamoyl imino‐1,6‐diphenyl‐2,5 dithiahexane (TCTH) dissolved in cumene has been studied. The extraction of Ag(I) from 1 mol dm⁻³ NO₃⁻ solutions by TCTH and TCBA was investigated as a function of several variables: equilibration time, organic phase diluent, pH of aqueous phase, Ag(I) and NO₃⁻ concentration in aqueous phase as well as TCBA and TCTH concentrations. Experimental equilibrium data were analysed numerically using the programs LETAGROP‐DISTR and LETAPL and the results showed that Ag(I) extraction could be explained assuming the formation of AgL and AgNO₃HL with TCBA (HL) and AgNO₃S with TCTH (S). The metal extraction was not influenced significantly by the structures of the thiourea derivatives used as extractants. The back extraction of Ag(I) from loaded organic phase was performed using different strippants and 0.5 mol dm⁻³ NaSCN was found to be efficient for this purpose. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry