群决策在房屋结构可靠性评估中的应用

阐述了砌体结构房屋可靠性评估中，各影响因素权重的确定是重要而困难的问题。基于层次分析的群决策确定各因素权重分配时，可有效地减少人为因素的影响，从而使权重确定结果更加客观、科学、合理。     

火灾下钢结构建筑楼板的薄膜效应模型验证及实用方法

通过已有试验结果对火灾下考虑薄膜效应的楼板极限承载力计算方法进行了验证,证明了提出的计算方法的可靠性。根据楼板的薄膜效应分析模型,分析了温度、楼板长短边比例、配筋分布和挠度等参数对楼板极限承载力的影响。分析表明,楼板挠度越大,楼板的长跨比越小,长跨与短跨配筋率的比值越小,楼板在火灾下产生的薄膜效应就越明显,对楼板火灾下的极限承载力提高就越大。根据考虑薄膜效应计算楼板极限承载力的理论方法,提出了对无防火保护的楼板(包括次梁)进行抗火设计验算的简化实用方法,在满足1.5h耐火时间楼板不坍塌的条件下,可减小楼板及次梁的防火成本。本方法可供工程设计人员在进行楼盖的抗火设计时参考。     

结构转换层在高层建筑中的研究与应用

介绍了高层建筑结构转换层的功能和主要形式，总结了国内外有关结构转换层的研究和应用概况，提出了高层建筑转换层结构有待进一步研究的几个问题，解决了建筑功能要求与结构布置之间的矛盾。     

结构形态学在现代建筑应用中的探讨

介绍了结构形态学的发展历程及涵盖内容,对大量的典型建筑结构体系进行了分析,并从高层和高耸结构、空间结构等方面,阐述了结构形态学在建筑设计中的应用,为今后建筑结构体系的创新发展提供了参考依据。     

First-order concepts in system reliability

The reliability of structural systems is determined by use of first-order concepts. Probability estimates for the components are calculated by linearization of the boundary of the failure domain after transforming an arbitrary vector of uncertain variables into an independent, standard normal vector. A first-order solution to the multinormal integral occurring in the formulation for elementary series or parallel systems is given and a sequence of certain probability bounds on the union of failure events involving the failure probability of any parallel subsystem and the probability of the intersection of any two or three parallel subsystems is derived. The system failure event is represented by the minimal cut set of componental failure events. The accuracy of approximations is systematically investigated and shown to be sufficient for most practical purposes. The method is illustrated with a simple example.     

轻钢框架结构体系在小型民用公共建筑中的应用

以某主题游乐园停车场内游客服务设施建筑为例,介绍了轻钢框架结构体系的特征及构件的防护措施,阐述了新型建筑装饰围护系统的材料与构造做法,提出了轻钢框架结构体系的诸多优点,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

上海近代混凝土公共建筑结构设计理念与现行标准对比研究

上海近代混凝土公共建筑当初的设计方法 尚不成熟,与现行标准相比,其原始设计、材料质量和建造工艺通常存在缺陷.通过对比上海近代及现代混凝土结构公共建筑材料及设计理念差异,得到如下结论:上海近代混凝土公共建筑的混凝土强度等级基本介于C10～C20之间,强度普遍偏低;上海近代混凝土公共建筑采用容许应力法进行设计,混凝土和钢筋...     

高层建筑结构转换层施工技术的应用

针对结构转换层施工难度大,大体积混凝土施工技术要求高的问题,以具体工程为背景,系统介绍了高层建筑转换层的施工工艺及技术要点,以完善高层建筑结构转换层施工工艺,确保高层建筑的质量。     

Model uncertainty in structural reliability

Structural reliability analysis is based on idealized limit state models. The level of sophistication of the models is, on the one hand, kept suitably simple in order to have mathematical operability. On the other hand, the models are believed to be reasonably predictive with respect to real failures. In order that the reliability analysis can serve as a decision tool in real life decisions in structural design, it is necessary to include elements for subjective assessment of model uncertainty information in the reliability model itself. The paper discusses how this can be done in a rational and philosophically satisfying way without losing the general level of operational simplicity of the limit state models. The philosophy and the mathematical arguments of the paper support the rules of dealing with model uncertainty that are introduced on an intuitive basis in recent international safety code recommendations.     

工程结构可靠度认识

从结构安全性、耐久性、结构重要性系数以及结构分析方法等方面阐述了关于工程结构可靠度设计的内容,并提出了对目前可靠度理论发展的几点认识,以促进工程结构设计的发展,可供结构设计人员参考。     

Energy efficiency labeling of buildings: An assessment of the Brazilian case

This paper addresses the application of Energy Efficiency Rating Technical Quality Regulations for Commercial, Service and Government Buildings - RTQ-C in order to ascertain whether the conventional construction system for buildings complies with these requirements. Additionally, it investigates the contribution of labeling to reducing electricity consumption by the building. To do so, the RTQ-C was applied to two buildings in order to calculate the efficiency levels of their envelopes and possible alterations are proposed for upgrading the envelope performance where pertinent. It is noted that conventional buildings adopting measures such as painting the walls and roof white, in addition to using smoked glass, are sufficient to bring the rating up to an A grade. As no specific concern was noted in the architectural designs for the buildings studied, making use of design strategies that minimize the use of electricity in these buildings, the findings of these case studies may well indicate that the RTQ-C has adopted technical requirements that are not particularly stringent. Consequently, it is believed that these requirements should be reviewed during a second stage, in order to make them more restrictive and attain further improvements in the constructed environment with better energy efficiency for buildings.     

Influence of mean wind speed, surface roughness and structural damping on the reliability of wind loaded buildings

Recently it was shown that the parameters, such as mean wind velocity, variance of the turbulent wind motion and structural damping show a significant influence on the reliability of wind loaded buildings and, hence, the effect of these parameters is investigated in more detail in this paper. As a result of this analysis it is shown in quantitative terms how these parameters affect the respective estimates of failure probabilities. Computational models are suggested to consider the probability distributions of the mean wind velocity, the surface roughness parameter as well as the effect of nonlinear damping.     

浅谈现代建筑结构形式

从现代建筑结构形式的多样性出发,重点介绍了几种常用的建筑结构形式,并对几种建筑结构形式的组成和特点进行了阐述,通过人们的不断学习和实践,从而探索和发掘更安全、更经济、更舒适的建筑结构形式。     

Proposing the hexagrid system as a new structural system for tall buildings

In order to improve the efficiency of tube‐type structures in tall buildings, a new structural system, called hexagrid, is introduced in this paper. In comparison with diagrid system, it consists of multiple hexagonal grids on the face of the building. In this research, a set of structures using diagrid system having four various diagonal angles and hexagrid system were designed on a strength and stiffness‐based approach for buildings with 30, 50, 70 and 90 stories to withstand wind load. The impact of different geometric configurations of structural members on the maximum lateral displacement and architectural performance in both diagrid and hexagrid systems is compared. The stiffness sensitivity using a similar interior bracing system in both systems is also discussed. In this study, the seismic performance of a 30‐story diagrid structure and a hexagrid structure was evaluated using nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. According to the results, the hexagrid system has a better architectural view and more ductility and stiffness sensitivity, which are about three times than that of the diagrid system. And finally, in comparison with the diagrid system, the hexagrid system has enough potential to push the height limit. The guidelines discussed here are for architectural and structural engineers to improve freehand design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

条带法在双向板设计中的应用

介绍了用条带法分析钢筋混凝土双向板和预应力混凝土双向板的简化计算方法，通过对短边长度为4．8m，跨厚比为40的矩形板进行对比，指出在适当跨厚比条件下，预应力混凝土双向板可以更好地控制裂缝和挠度。     

提升模板技术在某高耸构筑物工程中的应用

通过北京市平谷区生活垃圾综合处理厂工程中60m高钢筋混凝土烟囱的工程实践,研究并应用了提升模板施工技术．提出了提升模板技术在高耸构筑物工程中应用时的模板设计,介绍了该构筑物工程中提升模板的施工要点及实施效果．工程实践证明,提升模板技术在高耸构筑物中的应用,具有安全适用、技术先进、缩短工期等技术经济效果．     

某钢铁厂高炉脱水槽结构安全性评估分析

本文在对某钢铁厂高炉脱水槽结构现场检测和结构抗力分析的基础上,进行了结构安全性评估。     

在役建筑结构的鉴定与加固

分析了在役建筑物需要加固改造的原因、可靠性鉴定过程，结合常见混凝土柱的加固设计方案，通过加固验算，指出了加固方案的具体措施。     

Performance‐based evaluation and strengthening of tall buildings in the Los Angeles region by using Bayesian structural reliability

This paper presents the motivation and the mathematics required for the introduction of Bayesian structural reliability theory into the process of evaluating and strengthening any tall building located in the Los Angeles region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Methods of structural systems reliability

In a condensed form this report presents the last five to ten years of development within the field of structural reliability theory with particular attention to structural systems. Besides dealing with effective specific methods of probability calculation it reflects one school of thought with respect to the interpretation of structural reliability measures. This school supports the pragmatic decision model point of view rather than the ideal of a strict physical theory. Since such thinking may not have gained general consensus the approval of the report by the committee does not commit its members to agree either on the general philosophy or on the details of the report.

The main chapters are: Single Element Reliability; Series Systems Reliability; Parallel Systems and General Systems Reliability; Large Redundant Idealized Structural Systems; Modifications Needed to Deal with Variations in Time.

Special emphasis is put to the often suppressed problem of formulating realistic limit state models for structural systems when considered in the night of the load history dependency problem. Attention is given to the ideal plasticity theory because it allows substantial simplifications of this problem. In fact, it seems to be the only constitutive model that can justify the time independent stable configuration type of model. Also ideal brittle systems subject to proportional random loading are analysed in some detail.