轴流式翼型桨的流动分析

采用激光多普勤测速仪，对水、甘油和羧甲基纤维素（ＣＭＣ）三种介质中带有轴流式翼型桨的搅拌釜内的流场进行测定。并就流型转变、剪切速率、表观粘度分布和泵送能力进行了详细的研究和分析。结果表明，搅拌釜内流型仅随雷诺数和桨叶结构变化；剪切速率及表观粘度在全釜分布相当不均匀，在研究范围内，剪切速率相差５０倍，表观粘度为４．５倍；对粘稠物系，翼型桨泵送能力有所下降，并随雷诺数的减小而减小。     

最大叶片式桨流体动力学性能的数值模拟

运用CFD方法研究了最大叶片式桨在层流区域内的流体动力学性能,模拟体系为高粘度牛顿流体和非牛顿流体,主要考察桨叶的功耗特性、Metzner常数、剪切性能和排液性能. 结果表明,功耗计算值与文献实验值基本一致;桨叶的Metzner常数ks=10与流变行为指数n无关;搅拌形成双循环流型,釜中部桨叶所在区剪切速率大、排液量大,产生的漩涡流也大,导致剪切效率低于0.5;随雷诺数增加(Ren=1.4, 5.0, 7.6),全釜平均剪切速率(3.40, 9.91, 15.05 s-1)和全釜平均排液量(0.0014, 0.0033, 0.0052 m3/s)逐渐增加,尤其是桨叶下端两翼区平均剪切速率(4.36, 11.48, 16.35 s-1)和平均排液量(0.0026, 0.0064, 0.0095 m3/s)增加相对较大. 说明Ren增加,搅拌混合作用加强,剪切速率大产生的界面积大,排液量大使高低剪切区内流体快速循环,有利于流体高效混合.     

气液两相机械搅拌釜中翼型组合桨持气特性

研究了机械搅拌釜中翼型组合桨的组合方式、桨间距、通气位置及翼型桨的排出流方向对气含率的影响。在单位体积功率消耗相同的情况下,采用以翼型k5桨为下层桨、较低的通气位置及较大的桨间距为搅拌釜的几何结构,并采用翼型桨的排出流方向向上的搅拌方式,可以提高搅拌釜的气含率。给出了气含率与单位体积功耗和表面气速的关联式。     

改进型框式组合桨搅拌釜内流场特性

对5m³树脂反应釜及釜内改进型框式-二斜叶双层组合桨等比例缩小建立模型,基于计算流体力学（CFD）中的多重参考系法对该双层组合桨搅拌釜流场进行了模拟研究,并利用粒子图像测速（PIV）实验对模拟结果进行了验证。分析了桨叶离底间距、桨间距及组合桨安装角度的变化对流场产生的影响。随着离底间距的增大,搅拌釜下层框式桨横梁处产生往槽底的轴向流强度会逐渐减弱,不利于底部物料的混合;桨间距的增加导致两桨间对流减弱,不利于两桨间流体的混合,当桨间距与釜内径的比值为0.77时,搅拌釜内的整体流动情况较好。对上下层桨叶安装角度分别为0°、45°和90°这3种工况下的釜内流场特性研究表明,安装角度为90°时,斜叶桨产生的轴向流强度最大,此时搅拌釜内流体的混合效果最好。研究结果为改进型框式桨与二斜叶桨双层组合桨应用于树脂聚合反应实际工程提供参考。     

双层翼型桨搅拌槽内流动特性的PIV研究

在直径0.476 m的搅拌槽内,采用粒子图像测速技术对双层三叶CBY翼型桨搅拌槽内的流场进行了研究,考察了层间距、浸没深度和离底高度等参数对流场分布的影响. 结果表明,层间距H2≤0.6T(T为搅拌槽直径)时,槽内可形成整体的轴向循环流动,H2≥0.7T时槽内将产生分区流动现象. 浸没深度对桨叶排出流区域的速度影响很小. 降低下层桨的离底高度能加强下层桨的径向流动,并增大上层桨叶轮区和循环区流体的轴向流动.     

三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨搅拌釜内流场的模拟及实验

对应用于聚乙烯聚合反应中的三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨的搅拌釜内流场进行了模拟研究,分析组合桨的离底距C_1、桨间距C_2以及转速N的变化对搅拌釜内流场的影响,利用PIV实验对模拟结果进行了验证;将该组合桨与三叶后掠-六直叶圆盘涡轮组合桨进行了模拟对比研究。结果表明:当桨间距与釜内径的比为0.35时,釜内桨叶间的流体流动效果最好,该条件下能够改善搅拌釜上层流体的速度分布;当离底距与釜内径的比值为0.29时,组合桨下方出现了整体的环流,有利于釜底流体的混合;桨叶转速N=90 r/min时釜内流体速度分布均匀,同时上层HEDT桨叶产生的射流方向趋于水平。两种组合桨的对比研究表明:二者流型相近,但前者搅拌功率能够得到明显降低。研究结果可为三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨在聚乙烯聚合反应釜中的工程应用提供参考。     

无挡板悬浮聚合搅拌釜的粘釜规律

在φ300mm的有机玻璃釜中,用聚苯乙烯颗粒(PS)和粘胶建立了釜内流动条件对粘釜影响的冷模实验方法。研究了无挡板条件下搅拌釜内粘垢的产生及其分布规律,发现在相同搅拌功率下,各种搅拌桨叶对粘釜量的影响从低到高依次为双叶推进式桨、双叶45°斜桨、三叶后掠式桨、双叶60°斜桨、双叶平桨及六叶透平式桨,纵向分布随流型有所不同。并讨论了搅拌桨安装方式及搅拌转速对粘釜规律的影响。     

三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨搅拌釜内流场的模拟及实验

对应用于聚乙烯聚合反应中的三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨的搅拌釜内流场进行了模拟研究,分析组合桨的离底距C ₁、桨间距C ₂以及转速N的变化对搅拌釜内流场的影响,利用PIV实验对模拟结果进行了验证;将该组合桨与三叶后掠-六直叶圆盘涡轮组合桨进行了模拟对比研究。结果表明：当桨间距与釜内径的比为0.35时,釜内桨叶间的流体流动效果最好,该条件下能够改善搅拌釜上层流体的速度分布;当离底距与釜内径的比值为0.29时,组合桨下方出现了整体的环流,有利于釜底流体的混合;桨叶转速N=90 r/min时釜内流体速度分布均匀,同时上层HEDT桨叶产生的射流方向趋于水平。两种组合桨的对比研究表明：二者流型相近,但前者搅拌功率能够得到明显降低。研究结果可为三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨在聚乙烯聚合反应釜中的工程应用提供参考。     

改进CBY桨搅拌釜内单相流体流动与传热特性研究

使用计算流体力学软件FLUENT(V6.3)对自行设计的开槽式翼型搅拌桨—CBY-H桨搅拌釜内单相体系的流动性能进行了数值研究,采用多重参考系法(MRF)和RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟搅拌釜内液体的流动情况,并将研究结果与标准的CBY桨的轴流特性进行了对比。结果表明,CBY-H桨可提高流体轴流循环性能,在桨叶下方和桨叶区流体的轴向速度比CBY桨大,高速运动的流体区域覆盖范围更广,釜内速度分布更均匀。同时CBY-H桨消耗的功率低于CBY桨,节能18.4%。论文还进行了传热实验研究,发现CBY-H桨的釜内对流传热系数略大于CBY桨,获得了传热系数Nu的关联式。     

带有新型内外组合桨的搅拌设备内流场的数值研究

以滑移网格法的基本思想为出发点提出了滑移周期的概念.利用滑移网格法计算了以一定转速比反向旋转的新型内外组合桨搅拌的流场.通过对双层斜叶平桨、标准锚式桨和新型内外组合桨产生的流场进行对比,研究了搅拌设备内的宏观流动场、时均速度、速度变化率、剪切速率和轴向循环能力.结果表明：滑移周期概念的提出在一定程度上解决了滑移网格法计算周期长、计算成本高的问题.采用新型内外组合桨,加强了径向流动和轴向流动,改善了搅拌设备近壁区的流动状况,且对假塑性流体流动状况的改善优于牛顿流体.新型内外组合桨的剪切水平和轴向循环能力均优于双层斜叶平桨.     

SIMULATION OF FLOWS IN STIRRED VESSELS AGITATED BY DUAL RUSHTON IMPELLERS USING COMPUTATIONAL SNAPSHOT APPROACH

Flow in baffled stirred vessels involves interactions between flow around rotating impeller blades and stationary baffles. When more than one impeller is used (which is quite common in practice), the flow complexity is greatly increased, especially when there is an interaction between two impellers. The extent of interaction depends on relative distances between the two impellers and clearance from the vessel bottom. In this paper we have simulated flow generated by two Rushton (disc) impellers. A computational snapshot approach was used to simulate single-phase flow experiments carried out by Rutherford et al. (1996). The computational model was mapped on the commercial CFD code FLUENT (Fluent Inc., USA). The simulated results were analyzed in detail to understand flow around impellers and interaction between impellers. The model predictions were verified using the data of Rutherford et al. (1996). The results presented in this paper have significant implications for applications of computational fluid mixing tools for designing multiple impeller stirred reactors.     

Simulation of flows in stirred vessels agitated by dual rushton impellers using computational snapshot approach

Flow in baffled stirred vessels involves interactions between flow around rotating impeller blades and stationary baffles. When more than one impeller is used (which is quite common in practice), the flow complexity is greatly increased, especially when there is an interaction between two impellers. The extent of interaction depends on relative distances between the two impellers and clearance from the vessel bottom. In this paper we have simulated flow generated by two Rushton (disc) impellers. A computational snapshot approach was used to simulate single-phase flow experiments carried out by Rutherford et al. (1996). The computational model was mapped on the commercial CFD code FLUENT (Fluent Inc., USA). The simulated results were analyzed in detail to understand flow around impellers and interaction between impellers. The model predictions were verified using the data of Rutherford et al. (1996). The results presented in this paper have significant implications for applications of computational fluid mixing tools for designing multiple impeller stirred reactors.     

双层桨搅拌槽内部流场的实验研究

运用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法对双层桨搅拌槽内部流场进行数值模拟。考察了流体在不同桨叶类型、不同桨叶间距对搅拌槽内宏观流动场的影响。研究发现：流体在桨叶间距为150 mm的双层桨内部流场流动效果好。在此间距的基础上得出流体在六圆盘上斜叶桨的搅拌槽内比六圆盘直叶桨搅拌槽内混合效果好。     

Gas-liquid mass transfer studies: The influence of single- and double-impeller configurations in stirred tanks

The influence of impeller structure on the mass transfer characteristics was studied with the steady-state method for gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k _L a). The single-impeller configurations included eight impeller types (three radial flow impellers, four axial flow impellers and one mixed flow impeller), and the doubleimpeller included three configurations (RT+RT, RT+WH _D , WH _D +WH _D ). For single-impeller, the gas-liquid mass transfer rates of radial flow impellers were better than those of axial flow impellers under the same rotation speed and gas flow rate. The mass transfer performance (defined as the volumetric mass transfer coefficient per unit power input) of radial flow impellers were also better than that of axial flow impellers. With the same kLa value under a certain gas flow rate, the local bubble size distribution between radial flow impeller and axial flow impeller was similar. As for double impellers, RT+RT provided the highest mass transfer rate under certain rotation speed and gas flow rate, while WH _D +WH _D gave the highest values of gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient with the same power consumption.     

磷铵循环泵混流叶轮的计算机辅助设计

以一元设计理论为基础，以混流泵叶轮流道水力摩擦阻力最小为优化目标，建立了一套计算机辅助混流叶轮的设计和绘图程序，并对６万ｔ／ａ磷铵循环泵进行了实例演示。     

组合桨的气液搅拌特性实验研究

对 6种三层组合搅拌桨的功率准数及传质特性进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,1层径流型桨叶和2层混流型桨叶的组合 ,综合性能优于其他形式搅拌桨的组合 ,其功率准数比六直叶圆盘涡轮式桨叶减少 4 0 % ,且在通气下其功率下降最小 ,而传质系数Kla与最大的三层六直叶圆盘涡轮搅拌桨相当     

Flow Field Investigations of Two-Stage Stirrer Configurations Combining Axially and Radially Conveying Turbines

In this study, the flow fields of two-stage impellers, consisting of combinations of different impeller types on one shaft, are investigated using stereo particle image velocimetry. Based on the results of torque measurements, diameters for different impellers are determined in order to achieve matching power input of the individual turbines. When implemented adequately, both selected impellers are able to contribute their respective characteristics, resulting in flow fields that differ significantly from those induced by single-stage impellers as well as two-stage setups consisting of identical impellers.     

多级离心式压缩机小流量系数叶轮的内流特点和设计方法

本文从计算叶轮侧壁三元粘性边界层出发，分析了多级离心式压缩机后级经常用的小流量系数窄叶轮的内流特点，提出了一种预定叶片力的分布并求解动量积分方程的反问题设计方法。数值试验和对比分析证明了这一方法的合理性。在此基础上，对目前工业上应用的不同类型和特点的小流量系数叶轮进行了分析和评述。     

Effect of impeller type on continuous‐flow mixing of non‐Newtonian fluids in stirred vessels through dynamic tests

Mixing of non‐Newtonian fluids with axial and radial flow impellers is prone to a significant extent of nonideal flows (e.g., dead zones and channelling) within the stirred reactors. To enhance the performance of the continuous‐flow mixing of pseudoplastic fluids with yield stress, close‐clearance impellers were utilised in this study. We explored the effects of various parameters such as the type of close‐clearance impeller (i.e., the double helical ribbon (DHR) and anchor impellers), impeller speed (25–500 rpm), impeller pumping direction, fluid rheology (0.5–1.5% xanthan gum solution), fluid flow rate (3.20–14.17 L min^?1) and the locations of outlet (configurations: top inlet–top outlet, top inlet–bottom outlet) on the dynamic performance of the mixing vessel. The performance of the DHR impeller was then compared to the performance of various types of impellers such as axial‐flow (Lightnin A320) and radial‐flow (Scaba 6SRGT) impellers. The dynamic tests showed that the DHR impeller was the most efficient impeller for reducing the extent of nonideal flows in the continuous‐flow mixer among the impellers employed in this study. In addition, the mixing quality was further improved by optimising the power input, increasing the mean residence time, decreasing the fluid yield stress, using the up‐pumping impeller mode and using the top inlet–bottom outlet configuration. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering