Proliferation-attenuating and apoptosis-inducing effects of tryptanthrin on human chronic myeloid leukemia k562 cell line in vitro

Tryptanthrin, a kind of indole quinazoline alkaloid, has been shown to exhibit anti-microbial, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects both in vivo and in vitro. However, its biological activity on human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the proliferation-attenuating and apoptosis-inducing effects of tryptanthrin on leukemia K562 cells in vitro and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that tryptanthrin could significantly inhibit K562 cells proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner as evidenced by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. We also observed pyknosis, chromatin margination and the formation of apoptotic bodies in the presence of tryptanthrin under the electron microscope. Nuclei fragmentation and condensation by Hoechst 33258 staining were detected as well. The amount of apoptotic cells significantly increased whereas the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased dramatically after tryptanthrin exposure. K562 cells in the tryptanthrin treated group exhibited an increase in cytosol cyt-c, Bax and activated caspase-3 expression while a decrease in Bcl-2, mito cyt-c and pro-caspase-3 contents. However, the changes of pro-caspase-3 and activated caspase-3 could be abolished by a pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK. These results suggest that tryptanthrin has proliferation-attenuating and apoptosis-inducing effects on K562 cells. The underlying mechanism is probably attributed to the reduction in mitochondria membrane potential, the release of mito cyt-c and pro-caspase-3 activation.     

重组腺病毒Ad-NLS-RARα的构建及其在K562细胞中的表达

目的构建含NLS-RARα基因的重组腺病毒Ad-NLS-RARα,并检测其在K562细胞中的表达。方法以质粒pGBKT7-PML-RARα为模板,PCR扩增NLS-RARα基因,与穿梭质粒dTrace-TO4连接,构建重组穿梭质粒pAdTrack-TO4-NLS-RARα,经PmeⅠ酶切线性化后,转化含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的感受态大肠埃希菌BJ5183,获得重组腺病毒质粒pAd-NLS-RARα,经PacⅠ酶切线性化后,转染AD293细胞,获得重组腺病毒Ad-NLS-RARα,经4轮扩增后,测定重组腺病毒滴度,并进行PCR及测序鉴定;将重组腺病毒感染K562细胞,采用流式细胞术测定感染效率,RT-PCR法和Western blot法检测NLS-RARα在K562细胞中的转录及表达水平。结果重组腺病毒Ad-NLS-RARα经4轮扩增后,滴度可达6.9×108pfu/ml,PCR及测序鉴定证明构建正确,对K562细胞的感染效率可达70%左右;重组腺病毒Ad-NLS-RARα携带的NLS-RARα基因可在K562细胞中高效表达。结论已成功构建了重组腺病毒Ad-NLS-RARα,并在K562细胞中高效表达了NLS-RARα基因。     

白血病K562细胞株中CD34~+细胞群的分离及其生物学特性

目的分离白血病K562细胞株中CD34+细胞群,并分析其生物学特征,为从干细胞角度治疗白血病提供实验依据。方法采用免疫磁性分选法分离K562细胞中CD34+细胞群,台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞活性;流式细胞术检测CD34+细胞比例及细胞周期;单细胞克隆培养检测CD34+细胞自我更新能力;RT-PCR法检测CD34+细胞分化相关指标促红细胞生成素(Erythropoietin,EPO)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulatingfactor,GM-CSF)基因mRNA的转录水平;并检测CD34+细胞耐药蛋白P-gp(P-glycoprotein)的表达。结果免疫磁性分选法可有效分离出CD34+细胞群,细胞活性为99%～100%;分离的CD34+细胞含量占细胞总数的78.5%～85.3%,细胞大部分处于静止状态,G0/G1期细胞比例达80%左右,显著高于分离前的K562细胞;CD34+细胞群具有形成混合集落的能力;与K562细胞相比,CD34+细胞EPO和GM-CSF基因mRNA的转录水平明显下降(P<0.01),P-gp表达阳性。结论成功从K562细胞株中分离了CD34+细胞群,其具有自我更新和多向分化的能力,表明其具有白血病干/祖细胞的生物学特点。     

Notch2胞内段基因过表达对K562细胞增殖的影响及其机制

目的探讨外源性Notch2胞内段基因过表达对慢性粒细胞白血病(Chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)细胞株K562增殖的影响及其机制。方法将携带Notch2胞内段(ICN2)基因的质粒转染K562细胞,MTT法检测细胞的增殖;流式细胞仪检测细胞的细胞周期分布;RT-PCR检测Notch2基因全长mRNA的转录,Western blot检测Notch2蛋白的表达;RT-PCR检测Notch通路下游靶基因Hes1、Hey1及细胞增殖、凋亡相关基因numb、Bcl-2、NF-κB和TGF-β1的mRNA转录水平。结果与未转染组相比,转染组K562细胞数量减少,增殖显著受抑(P<0.01);转染48 h后的K562细胞G1期细胞比例显著增多(P<0.01),S期细胞比例显著减少(P<0.01);Notch2基因mRNA及下游靶基因Hes1和Hey1 mRNA转录水平均明显增强(P<0.01),Notch2蛋白表达量增加(P<0.01);numb基因mRNA转录水平无变化;Bcl-2表达下调,NF-κB和TGF-β1表达上调。结论Notch2胞内段基因过表达可抑制K562细胞增殖,其机制可能是通过上调TGF-β1和NF-κB基因表达及下调Bcl-2基因表达,将细胞阻滞于G1期来实现的。     

Pre-miR-10a重组腺病毒质粒的构建及其在K562细胞中的表达

目的构建pre-miR-10a(miR-10a前体)重组腺病毒表达质粒,感染K562细胞,并检测其基因表达水平。方法化学合成pre-miR-10a基因序列,克隆至腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV,将构建正确的重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV pre-miR-10a与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1共转化BJ5183感受态细胞,经同源重组获得重组腺病毒质粒pAd-pre-miR-10a,转染HEK293细胞,包装出重组腺病毒,经4轮扩增后检测病毒滴度。收集病毒后,以100 MOI感染K562细胞,RT-PCR法检测miR-10a基因的转录水平。结果重组腺病毒质粒pAd-pre-miR-10a经PacⅠ酶切,证明带有目的基因的重组腺病毒穿梭质粒已整合到腺病毒基因组中,4轮扩增后腺病毒滴度为1.5×1011pfu/ml,可高效感染K562细胞,感染效率达90%以上;重组腺病毒Ad-pre-miR-10a感染的K562细胞中miR-10a基因转录水平明显升高,过表达率为150.82%。结论已成功构建重组腺病毒表达质粒pAd-pre-miR-10a,并可在K562细胞中高效表达,为进一步从体内和体外水平研究其抗白血病效应奠定了基础。     

人参皂苷Rg1诱导人红白血病K562细胞株衰老与p16-Rb信号通路的相关性

目的探讨人参皂苷Rg1(以下简称Rg1)诱导人红白血病K562细胞株衰老与p16-Rb信号通路的相关性。方法以不同浓度的Rg1(0、5、10、20、40和80μmol/L)作用于K562细胞不同时间(24、48、72 h),MTT法筛选Rg1抑制K562细胞增殖的最佳作用浓度及作用时间,以该浓度干预K562细胞不同时间,流式细胞术检测细胞的细胞周期;以最佳浓度Rg1干预K562细胞最佳时间,集落培养法检测细胞集落形成能力;衰老相关-β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色检测阳性细胞百分率;透射电镜观察细胞的超微结构;Southern blot检测细胞的端粒长度;Western blot检测细胞中P16和RB蛋白的表达。结果 Rg1在体外可明显抑制K562细胞增殖,其最佳作用浓度及作用时间分别为20μmol/L和48 h;经20μmol/L Rg1诱导48 h的K562细胞与常规培养对照组相比,细胞出现G2/M期阻滞(P<0.05),集落形成能力明显减弱(P<0.05),SA-β-Gal染色阳性率增加(P<0.01),细胞体积增大,且溶酶体,线粒体体积增大,数目增多,端粒缩短加速(P<0.05),P16和RB蛋白表达上调(P<0.05)。结论 Rg1能诱导人红白血病K562细胞株衰老,可能与Rg1激活了p16-Rb信号通路有关。     

Compound C Inhibits Renca Renal Epithelial Carcinoma Growth in Syngeneic Mouse Models by Blocking Cell Cycle Progression,Adhesion and Invasion

Compound C (CompC), an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase, reduces the viability of various renal carcinoma cells. The molecular mechanism underlying anti-proliferative effect was investigated by flow cytometry and western blot analysis in Renca cells. Its effect on the growth of Renca xenografts was also examined in a syngeneic BALB/c mouse model. Subsequent results demonstrated that CompC reduced platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathways and increased ERK1/2 activation as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. CompC also increased the level of active Wee1 tyrosine kinase (P-Ser⁶⁴²-Wee1) and the inactive form of Cdk1 (P-Tyr¹⁵-Cdk1) while reducing the level of active histone H3 (P-Ser¹⁰-H3). ROS-dependent ERK1/2 activation and sequential alterations in Wee1, Cdk1, and histone H3 might be responsible for the CompC-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell viability reduction. In addition, CompC reduced the adhesion, migration, and invasion of Renca cells in the in vitro cell systems, and growth of Renca xenografts in the BALB/c mouse model. Taken together, the inhibition of in vivo tumor growth by CompC may be attributed to the blockage of cell cycle progression, adhesion, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of CompC against tumor development and progression.     

JIB-04, a Pan-Inhibitor of Histone Demethylases,Targets Histone-Lysine-Demethylase-Dependent AKT Pathway,Leading to Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibition of Cancer Stem-Like Cell Properties in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

JIB-04, a pan-histone lysine demethylase (KDM) inhibitor, targets drug-resistant cells, along with colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are crucial for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Despite the advances in CSC biology, the effect of JIB-04 on liver CSCs (LCSCs) and the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been elucidated yet. Here, we showed that JIB-04 targeted KDMs, leading to the growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest of HCC, and abolished the viability of LCSCs. JIB-04 significantly attenuated CSC tumorsphere formation, growth, relapse, migration, and invasion in vitro. Among KDMs, the deficiency of KDM4B, KDM4D, and KDM6B reduced the viability of the tumorspheres, suggesting their roles in the function of LCSCs. RNA sequencing revealed that JIB-04 affected various cancer-related pathways, especially the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is crucial for HCC malignancy and the maintenance of LCSCs. Our results revealed KDM6B-dependent AKT2 expression and the downregulation of E2F-regulated genes via JIB-04-induced inhibition of the AKT2/FOXO3a/p21/RB axis. A ChIP assay demonstrated JIB-04-induced reduction in H3K27me3 at the AKT2 promoter and the enrichment of KDM6B within this promoter. Overall, our results strongly suggest that the inhibitory effect of JIB-04 on HCC malignancy and the maintenance of LCSCs is mediated via targeting the KDM6B-AKT2 pathway, indicating the therapeutic potential of JIB-04.     

Octacosanol Enhances the Proliferation and Migration of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk Pathways

Atherosclerosis is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, fibro‐proliferative reactions and inflammation. Octacosanol is a high‐molecular‐weight primary aliphatic alcohol. As the main component of a cholesterol‐lowering drug, octacosanol could inhibit lipids accumulation and cholesterol metabolism. To explore the indication of octacosanol on endothelial protection, we evaluated its effects on the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cell viability assay using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine revealed that 3.125 μg/ml octacosanol promoted the proliferation of HUVEC. A cell migration assay indicated that 0.781 and 3.125 μg/ml octacosanol increased the migration of HUVEC. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Erk1/2 were significantly elevated under exposure to octacosanol. Blocking the activation of Akt and Erk with their potent inhibitors LY294002 and PD98059, respectively, markedly attenuated the octacosanol‐induced proliferation and migration of HUVEC. These findings demonstrated for the first time that octacosanol enhanced the proliferation and migration of HUVEC and mediated these effects through activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathways.     

神经生长因子对乙型脑炎病毒感染BHK-21细胞的抑制作用

目的观察神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)对乙型脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)感染地鼠肾细胞BHK-21的抑制作用。方法将不同浓度的NGF(100、50、25、12.5、6.3、3.1、1.6和0.8μg/L)加入BHK-21细胞中,采用MTT法检测NGF对BHK-21细胞的毒性作用;将不同稀释度的JEV(10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6、10-7)JEV感染BHK-21细胞,蚀斑计数法测定病毒滴度;在JEV感染的BHK-21细胞中加入不同浓度的NGF,观察细胞的CPE情况,并通过蚀斑减少率分析NGF对JEV的抑制作用。结果 NGF浓度在100μg/L以内对BHK-21细胞无毒性;JEV的滴度为Lg 8.70 pfu/ml;NGF(12.5μg/L)+JEV组BHK-21细胞病变程度明显减轻;随着NGF浓度的提高,蚀斑减少率也呈升高趋势(r=0.929,P<0.05),NGF浓度为3.1μg/L以上时,蚀斑减少率达10%以上,具有明显的抗JEV效果。结论 NGF在浓度为0.8～100μg/L的范围内,对JEV具有明显的抑制作用,为今后研究NGF抗病毒的作用机制奠定了实验基础。     

Neurotrophic effect of citrus auraptene: neuritogenic activity in PC12 cells

The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) leads to a number of cellular changes associated with the development of long-term memory. Using cultured cortical neurons, we previously showed that the n-hexane extract prepared from the peels of Citrus grandis (Kawachi bankan) induces the activation of ERK1/2 and that one of the compounds with this ability in the extract is 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), a Citrus polymethoxyflavone. In fact, we found that HMF has the ability to rescue mice from drug-induced learning impairment. This hexane extract contains auraptene (AUR), a coumarin derivative with a monoterpene unit, together with HMF. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of AUR in vitro. Our results show that 1) AUR had the ability to induce the activation of ERK1/2 in not only cortical neurons but also the rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12 cells), which is a model system for studies on neuronal proliferation and differentiation; and 2) AUR had the ability to promote neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells.     

GINS2基因siRNA真核表达质粒的构建及其对NB4细胞凋亡的影响

目的构建GINS2基因siRNA真核表达质粒,并检测其对NB4细胞凋亡的影响。方法人工合成针对GINS2基因的4组siRNA干扰序列和1组无同源性的序列,测序鉴定后转染低传代人早幼粒细胞系NB4细胞,经G418筛选后,通过QRT-PCR、Western blot检测重组质粒对NB4细胞中GINS2基因mRNA转录水平和蛋白表达水平的影响;流式细胞术检测NB4细胞的凋亡情况。结果 5组重组质粒经测序证明构建正确,4组干扰质粒转染NB4细胞后,细胞中GINS2基因mRNA的转录水平和蛋白的表达水平均有所降低,其中干扰组1基因干扰率达50%,蛋白相对表达量为56%;干扰组1细胞凋亡率为32.54%,较正常对照组和NC组明显上升(P<0.01)。结论成功构建了GINS2基因siRNA真核表达质粒,抑制GINS2基因的表达可促进NB4细胞的凋亡,为进一步研究GINS2基因在白血病中的作用奠定了基础。     

MAPK/ERK1/2对乳酸杆菌介导的子宫内膜上皮细胞增殖的影响

目的研究乳酸杆菌对子宫内膜上皮细胞增殖的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路的作用机制。方法将103个/mL乳酸杆菌与子宫内膜上皮细胞共培养20、40、60 min,各时间点收集细胞,采用Western blot法检测子宫内膜上皮细胞MAPK通路中ERK1/2、JNK、P38蛋白及其磷酸化水平。在子宫内膜上皮细胞中加入40 ng/mL U0126,再加入103个/mL乳酸杆菌,共培养20、40、60 min,各时间点收集细胞,采用Western blot及CCK-8法检测U0126对ERK1/2、JNK、P38、p90RSK蛋白磷酸化及细胞增殖的影响。结果乳酸杆菌能促进子宫内膜上皮细胞MAPK通路中ERK1/2蛋白发生磷酸化,共培养40和60 min组ERK1/2磷酸化水平显著增加,与对照(0 min)和20 min组相比,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05),但与40和60 min组比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05);MAPK通路中JNK和P38总蛋白水平和磷酸化蛋白水平均无明显变化(P> 0....     

阿苯达唑对人结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、凋亡及Bcl-2表达的影响

目的观察阿苯达唑(Albendazole,ABZ)对人结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、凋亡及其对Bcl-2表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法用不同终浓度的ABZ(0.5、1.0、2.0及4.0 mg/ml)处理SW480细胞24、48、72 h,设对照组(ABZ浓度为0 mg/ml),CCK-8法检测ABZ对SW480细胞增殖活力的影响,并计算增殖抑制率及IC50。用不同终浓度的ABZ(1.0、2.0 mg/ml)处理SW480细胞,设对照组(ABZ浓度为0 mg/ml),流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR及Western blot检测Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果与对照组比较,0.5、1.0、2.0及4.0 mg/ml ABZ处理组A值均明显降低(P﹤0.05),随着作用浓度的增加及作用时间的延长,抑制作用逐渐增强,且呈时间-剂量依赖性,2.0 mg/ml ABZ处理组24、48、72 h的IC50值分别为3.18、1.96和1.03 mg/ml;与对照组比较,1.0、2.0 mg/mlABZ处理组细胞凋亡率均明显增加(P﹤0.05),Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达均明显降低(P﹤0.05)。结论 ABZ能抑制结肠癌SW480细胞的增殖,并显著促进细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与下调Bcl-2表达有关。     

人肺癌ILK基因siRNA重组表达质粒的构建及其对A549细胞增殖的影响

目的构建人肺癌整合素连接激酶(Integrin-linked kinase,ILK)基因siRNA重组表达质粒,并检测其对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖的影响。方法人工合成靶向ILK基因的siRNA干扰序列,克隆至载体pGenesil-1中,构建重组表达质粒pGenesil-1-ILK,利用脂质体转染A549细胞,经G418稳定筛选后,采用RT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中ILK基因mRNA的转录水平及蛋白的表达水平,MTT法检测细胞的增殖活力。结果重组表达质粒pGenesil-1-ILK经SalⅠ单酶切及测序证明构建正确,其转染A549细胞后,细胞ILK基因mRNA的转录水平和蛋白的表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05),且细胞的增殖能力也显著降低(P<0.05)。结论成功构建了人ILK基因siRNA重组表达质粒,ILK基因沉默可显著抑制A549细胞增殖,为肺癌靶向基因治疗的研究提供了新的思路。     

人C-反应蛋白重组真核表达质粒的构建及其对人脐静脉内皮细胞LOX-1和TF表达的影响

目的构建人C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)重组表达质粒pTracer CMV2-CRP,并观察其在人脐静脉内皮细胞(Human umbilical vein endothelical cells,HUVEC)中的表达及其对凝集素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体-1(Lectin-type oxidizedLDL receptor-1,LOX-1)、组织因子(Tissue factor,TF)表达的影响。方法以质粒pCR-BluntⅡ-TOPO-CRP为模板,PCR扩增CRP基因CDS序列,克隆至pTracer CMV2载体中,转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5α,构建重组表达质粒pTracer CMV2-CRP,转染HUVEC,设实验组(转染pTracer CMV2-CRP)、阴性对照组(转染pTracer-CMV2)及正常对照组,各组细胞经G418抗性筛选,RT-PCR及Western b1ot检测CRP基因的过表达效应及CRP的表达对HUVEC中LOX-1和TF转录及蛋白水平的影响。结果重组真核表达质粒pTracer CMV2-CRP经双酶切鉴定及测序证明构建正确。实验组细胞中,CRP基因过表达,且LOX-1和TF基因的转录及蛋白水平明显高于正常对照组和阴性对照组(P<0.05)。结论已成功构建人CRP基因重组真核表达质粒pTracerCMV2-CRP,并在HUVEC中过表达CRP,且明显上调HUVEC中LOX-1和TF的表达,为进一步阐述CRP在动脉粥样硬化形成过程中的作用提供了新的实验依据。