Das Big Data Game

This article looks at how games and play contribute to the big data-driven production of knowledge in High-Energy Physics, with a particular focus on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), where the author has been conducting anthropological fieldwork since 2014. The ludic (playful) aspect of knowledge production is analyzed here in three different dimensions: the Symbolic, the Ontological, and the Epistemic. The first one points towards CERN as place where a cosmological game of probability is played with the help of Monte-Carlo simulations. The second one can be seen in the agonistic infrastructures of competing experimental collaborations. The third dimension unfolds in ludic platforms, such as online Challenges and citizen science games, which contribute to the development of machine learning algorithms, whose function is necessary in order to process the huge amount of data gathered from experimental events. Following Clifford Geertz, CERN itself is characterized as a site of deep play, a concept that contributes to understanding wider social and cultural orders through the analysis of ludic collective phenomena. The article also engages with Peter Galison’s idea of the trading zone, proposing to comprehend it in the age of big data as a Playground. Thus the author hopes to contribute to a wider discussion in the historiographical and social study of science and technology, as well as in cultural anthropology, by recognizing the ludic in science as a central element of understanding collaborative knowledge production.     

钨强劲反弹

针对国际钨品价格从9月份开始出现的强劲反弹,评述了我国钨品的产销状况,分析了国内外钨品的消费情况,并对之后国内外钨品市场状况进行了展望.     

Artificial Biosystems by Printing Biology

The continuous progress of printing technologies over the past 20 years has fueled the development of a plethora of applications in materials sciences, flexible electronics, and biotechnologies. More recently, printing methodologies have started up to explore the world of Artificial Biology, offering new paradigms in the direct assembly of Artificial Biosystems (small condensates, compartments, networks, tissues, and organs) by mimicking the result of the evolution of living systems and also by redesigning natural biological systems, taking inspiration from them. This recent progress is reported in terms of a new field here defined as Printing Biology, resulting from the intersection between the field of printing and the bottom up Synthetic Biology. Printing Biology explores new approaches for the reconfigurable assembly of designed life‐like or life‐inspired structures. This work presents this emerging field, highlighting its main features, i.e., printing methodologies (from 2D to 3D), molecular ink properties, deposition mechanisms, and finally the applications and future challenges. Printing Biology is expected to show a growing impact on the development of biotechnology and life‐inspired fabrication.     

Applications of Nanoparticles in Biology

The wide variety of core materials available, coupled with tunable surface properties, make nanoparticles an excellent platform for a broad range of biological and biomedical applications. This Review provides an introduction to nanoparticle–biomolecular interactions as well as recent applications of nanoparticles in biological sensing, delivery, and imaging of live cells and tissues.

     

Ethics & Big Data

Big Data is a digital phenomenon that enables the collection and use of massive amounts of data derived from both man and machine. This data is characterized in terms of its volume, variety, velocity, veracity, variability, and its complexity. While Big Data allows firms to rapidly capture, analyze, and exploit information, it can also enable access to data that compromises an individual's privacy. And this can happen either deliberately or inadvertently. Either way, Big Data fosters a discussion of ethical issues relative to the sharing and usage of data. Ethical debates are typically articulated within the context of ethical theories. These theories help to frame our understanding of moral issues. Their use affords insight into the context and the logic of the moral arguments being presented, thereby providing us with a rational mechanism by which to better evaluate whether an intended action or actual outcome is morally right or wrong. Four ethical theories are briefly reviewed in this paper: Kantianism, Utilitarianism, Social Contract Theory, and Virtue Theory. Each theory is than examined to show how it might be employed to examine Big Data issues.     

大数据：开启面向未来的标准化事业

在当今的信息时代,云技术、物联网和基于二者的大数据技术正推动经济社会发生着变革。未来经济在互联网等技术的作用下变得越来越个性化,对大数据技术的应用将有利于标准化事业对经济社会发展做出更大贡献,标准化的服务内容由经济主体自由选择,标准化机构和研究人员更多地关注经济主体的个性化培养,标准化机构由被动服务逐渐转变为主动服务。在逐步到来的大数据时代,网络标准化服务与实体标准化服务将逐渐分离,更多的交往互动、个性化服务和灵活的服务方式将使标准化事业获得新的生机。     

Big Data for Precision Medicine

This article focuses on the potential impact of big data analysis to improve health, prevent and detect disease at an earlier stage, and personalize interventions. The role that big data analytics may have in interrogating the patient electronic health record toward improved clinical decision support is discussed. Weexamine developments in pharmacogenetics that have increased our appreciation of the reasons why patients respond differently to chemotherapy. We also assess the expansion of online health communications and the way in which this data may be capitalized on in order to detect public health threats and control or contain epidemics. Finally, we describe how a new generation of wearable and implantable body sensors may improve wellbeing, streamline management of chronic diseases, and improve the quality of surgical implants.     

大数据驱动的用户体验设计综述

目的研究大数据技术在用户体验设计领域的理论研究与实践应用。方法通过国内外相关文献研究和各行业对大数据驱动用户体验优化设计实践应用的分析,总结归纳当前典型的应用场景,分析在大数据时代用户体验研究将发生的变革和未来发展的趋势。结论系统地探讨了大数据在用户体验设计领域的主要应用场景以及实现方法,重点阐述了内容推荐、用户画像、需求分析、可用性分析和智能判断与决策五个应用场景,并提供了相应的参考框架。针对当下的理论研究和实践经验,提出了大数据驱动的用户体验研究未来,将会成为用户体验研究主要方法的趋势,其研究方法还将从单一的定量研究,转变为定量与定性研究相结合,更多维度的社会化大数据将逐步得到广泛应用,涉及用户隐私的数据安全与隐私侵犯问题,也将逐步得到重视。人工智能技术与大数据技术的结合,将进一步扩展用户体验研究的应用范围,深度学习、认知计算、社会计算等新技术,将逐步覆盖传统大数据用户体验研究领域无法解决的问题。     

生物气溶胶在分子生物学方面的研究进展

主要介绍近年来生物气溶胶在分子生物学方面的研究进展。蛋白质气溶胶可以作为一种呼吸道疾病治疗药物和免疫源,因此如何释放蛋白质气溶胶并保持蛋白质活性是关键。基因治疗和基因免疫也是近年刚兴起的一个研究领域,质粒ＤＮＡ的气溶胶化技术和呼吸道吸入后的转染及表达研究,是呼吸道粘膜免疫和疾病治疗的重点。在生物气溶胶检测方面,近年也引进了多聚酶链反应技术,从而大大提高了检测的敏感性和空气传播的致病微生物的检测速度。     

Synthetic Biology Makes Polymer Materials Count

Synthetic biology applies engineering concepts to build cellular systems that perceive and process information. This is achieved by assembling genetic modules according to engineering design principles. Recent advance in the field has contributed optogenetic switches for controlling diverse biological functions in response to light. Here, the concept is introduced to apply synthetic biology switches and design principles for the synthesis of multi‐input‐processing materials. This is exemplified by the synthesis of a materials system that counts light pulses. Guided by a quantitative mathematical model, functional synthetic biology‐derived modules are combined into a polymer framework resulting in a biohybrid materials system that releases distinct output molecules specific to the number of input light pulses detected. Further demonstration of modular extension yields a light pulse‐counting materials system to sequentially release different enzymes catalyzing a multistep biochemical reaction. The resulting smart materials systems can provide novel solutions as integrated sensors and actuators with broad perspectives in fundamental and applied research.     

Biology of TiO2-oligonucleotide nanocomposites

Emerging areas of nanotechnology hold the promise of overcoming the limitations of existing technologies for intracellular manipulation. These new developments provide approaches for the creation of chemical-biological hybrid nanocomposites that can be introduced into cells and subsequently used to initiate intracellular processes or biochemical reactions. Such nanocomposites would advance medical biotechnology, just as they are improving microarray technology and imaging in biology and medicine, and introducing new possibilities in chemistry and material sciences. Here we describe the behaviour of 45-A nanoparticles of titanium dioxide semiconductor combined with oligonucleotide DNA into nanocomposites in vivo and in vitro. These nanocomposites not only retain the intrinsic photocatalytic capacity of TiO2 and the bioactivity of the oligonucleotide DNA (covalently attached to the TiO2 nanoparticle), but also possess the chemically and biologically unique new property of a light-inducible nucleic acid endonuclease, which could become a new tool for gene therapy.