基于矩阵恢复的红外偏振图像分区配准算法

由于红外偏振图像具有灰度分布差别大、特征信息不明显等特点,传统区域或特征的配准算法精度难以满足红外偏振信息解析要求。从图像间相似性出发,以矩阵秩作为图像相似性的度量,提出了一种基于矩阵恢复的红外偏振图像分区配准算法。将一组待配准图像组成变化矩阵,并分解成低秩和稀疏两部分。以低秩变换矩阵核范数与稀疏变换矩阵1范数的和为目标函数,利用增广拉格朗日乘子法求得目标函数值最小时的各区域变换参数,加权平均后得到图像组的配准结果。实验结果表明,该算法配准变换参数误差小于0.02 pixel,且对噪声不敏感。     

结合相位和ＳＩＦＴ特征相关的图像自动配准算法

提出一种鲁棒性较好的图像配准算法解决乱序输入图像序列自动拼接问题。首先为输入图像建立多分辨率金字塔,在较低分辨率图像层上进行相位相关区域搜索;接着对得到的相关区域进行SIFT特征相关验证,得到图像序列的配准关系和透视变换矩阵的初步估计;然后结合估计参数对原始图像的SIFT特征再次进行相关匹配,最终实现图像序列变换参数的精确求解。该算法结合相位相关和SIFT特征相关两种配准算法的优点并应用由粗到精的匹配策略提高了图像配准的速度和稳定性。     

基于LK和FAST的时间序列图像快速配准算法

LK光流算法是一种精确高效的特征跟踪算法,能够较大幅度提高图像配准的精度和速度。针对时间序列图像的配准问题,基于LK光流算法,通过基于图像金字塔的方式跟踪改进后的FAST特征角点,采用一种鲁棒的单应矩阵估计算法解算配准参数,提出了一种基于LK光流和改进FAST特征的实时鲁棒配准算法。通过一组时间序列图像从配准精度和配准速度两个方面对所提出算法的性能进行了验证分析,平均重投影误差为0.16,平均处理速度为30 Hz。实验结果表明,该算法能够提取稳定的FAST角点,快速准确地跟踪匹配序列图像之间的特征,较好地解决时间序列图像的实时配准问题。     

融合显性和隐性度量的多模图像配准算法

为解决基于隐性度量的图像配准算法初始配准误差大容易引起失配的问题,本文提出了一种融合显性度量和隐性度量的多模图像分层配准算法。首先采用金字塔分解算法得到低分辨率待配准图像。然后在每一层金字塔图像中,先采用互信息作为显性度量,利用粒子群算法获得初始的配准参数;以此作为初始值,采用基于隐性度量的配准算法,利用融合粒子群和鲍威尔搜索法的优化算法获取更准确的配准参数。基于低分辨率图像计算得到配准参数后,先对高分辨率待配准图像进行变换,然后利用提出的上述算法进行参数优化,根据每层得到的配准参数计算最终的配准参数。最后,采用可见光与红外图像、多波段SAR图像进行了配准实验。实验结果表明,提出的算法适用于多模图像配准,能够减小配准误差,具有一定的适用性。      

一种图像快速配准算法的研究

在基于小波分解和互信息测度的图像配准方法的基础上,提出一种改进的快速图像配准算法。首先,对图像进行小波分解,以分解后的图像的近似分量进行配准,利用互信息最大化作为相似性测度,并结合粒子群优化算法和鲍威尔算法为优化策略搜索最优配准参数。实验结果显示,此方法在得到较高的配准精度和鲁棒性的情况下,还大大减少了运算量,提高了配准的速度。     

基于参数分步估计的红外与可见光图像自动配准算法

 提出了一种仿射模型参数分步估计的红外与可见光图像自动配准算法.首先,使用矩阵正交分解方法,将仿射变换的6个自由度分离为易于估计的切变、尺度比例、旋转、尺度缩放以及x和y方向上的平移量等参数;然后基于方向一致性约束和线段间的对齐度分别构建用于参数分步估计的目标函数,并使用SGA(Stud Genetic Algorithm)算法搜索使目标函数取得近似全局最优解的参数值;最后,基于Powell算法对参数估计值进行局部求精.实验结果表明,当两幅需要配准的图像中含有丰富的关联线段及多样的线段方向分布时,本文算法能够利用这些线段间的方向一致性约束和位置分布信息,有效地实现红外与可见光图像的自动配准,且算法具有较好的配准精度.     

时序特征图像配准算法的抗噪性分析

提出了一种基于时序特征变化的图像配准算法,通过时序灰度特征的分析和提取,实现了可见光与红外非固形动态目标图像的有效配准。重点分析了该算法的抗噪能力,当噪声对配准精度产生明显影响时,设计了一种预处理滤波方法,通过减小噪声项在时序特征提取中的影响,从而降低了算法的误配率。利用蜡烛火焰作为探测目标,通过实验表明,在图像信噪比为10 dB的情况下该算法的抗噪性较好,能够实现非固形目标的可见光与红外图像配准。当目标图像信噪比等于6 dB时,该算法就无法完成图像配准,此时采用预处理滤波方法,算法的误配率得以降低,能成功实现非固形目标的可见光与红外图像配准。实验中计算得到预处理方法的关键参数m取0.25时效果最好。     

基于分数阶梯度驱动的主动Demons算法研究

图像非刚性配准在计算机视觉和医学图像有着重要的作用.Demons算法被证明是解决非刚性配准的有效方法,然而存在的Demons非刚性配准算法对灰度均匀和弱纹理区域的图像配准精度低,优化易陷入局部极小导致配准速度缓慢.针对该问题,将R-L（Riemann-Liouville）分数阶微分引入到主动Demons算法中,提出了基于R-L分数阶梯度驱动的主动Demons算法.本文将R-L分数阶梯度代替传统的梯度算子,不但可以增强图像的细节信息,而且可以增强灰度均匀和弱纹理区域的梯度信息,从而提高了图像配准精度和速度.另外,通过实验给出了配准精度与R-L分数阶模板参数之间的关系,从而为模板最佳参数的选取提供了依据.尽管不同类型的图像其最佳参数是不同的,但是其最佳配准阶次一般在0~1之间.理论分析和实验结果均表明,该算法可以用于灰度均匀和弱纹理区域的图像配准,且配准精度和速度都有明显的提高,本文方法是Demons算法应用的一个重要延伸.     

旋转扫描序列图像的投影矩阵和拼接应用

利用8参数投影矩阵(单应性矩阵)拼接旋转扫描序列图像的方法,由于矩阵估计误差的影响,配准精度不高,易导致拼接图像中的景物歪斜.针对这一问题,通过研究相机拍摄旋转扫描序列图像的透视关系,推导了一种5参数的投影矩阵,减少了单应性矩阵中8个参数之间的相关性,从而降低了投影矩阵估计误差对全景图拼接的影响,提高了配准精度.图像拼接实验结果显示,应用该5参数投影矩阵得到的全景图,能够保证场景正直,配准精度较高,视觉效果良好.     

基于传感器参数和感兴趣区域的图像配准算法研究

通过对光电成像型反舰导弹的成像过程分析,提出一种基于传感器参数和感兴趣区域的图像配准方法。红外和可见光图像配准时的变换模型为仿射变换,首先通过传感器参数的调整实现空间分辨率的配准,将仿射变换简化为刚体变换;然后用海天线提取算法提取出感兴趣区域,对感兴趣区域用形态学边缘检测方法求取目标的轮廓中心,并以此为控制点消除图像间的平移变化,实现图像的完全配准;最后利用均方根误差原则对算法的配准效果进行评估。仿真实验表明,该算法快速、准确,配准精度满足目标识别的要求,可以较好地解决异类传感器弱小目标图像配准的难题。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.