低复杂度的多视点视频编码宏块模式决策算法

为了降低多视点视频编码(MVC)的计算复杂度,提出了一种基于全局-局部率失真代价的低复杂度宏块模式决策算法。首先根据宏块候选模式的块尺寸和率失真代价特点,将所有候选模式分为大尺寸模式(Skip/Direct、Inter16×16和Intra16×16)和小尺寸模式(Inter16×8、Inter8×16、Inter8×8、Intra8×8和Intra4×4);接着统计已编码帧中这两类宏块模式的平均率失真代价,并利用这些平均率失真代价计算当前帧宏块模式决策的全局率失真代价;最后利用得到的全局率失真代价,并结合当前宏块已估计模式的局部率失真代价和空间邻近宏块的模式信息提前终止模式决策,具体包括对大尺寸宏块模式进行提前判定以及对小尺寸候选模式进行逐级选择。实验结果表明:与MVC参考代码中的全搜索模式决策算法相比,本文算法在时域预测视点和视点域预测视点上分别节省了74%和82%的平均编码时间,同时保持了良好的编码率失真性能;与现有模式决策快速算法相比,本文算法降低了更多的编码时间,并具有更好的编码率失真性能。     

适宜于质量可伸缩帧间编码的快速算法

根据质量可伸缩编码的特征,提出一种适合于中粒度质量可伸缩视频编码增强层的帧间快速编码算法。首先根据基本层宏块的模式和率失真值预测当前宏块编码模式采用的顺序;然后根据编码结构提出Direct编码方式判断,根据层间相关性提出了层间方式判断,利用空间相关性提出了相邻方式判断,最后根据已预测的模式顺序编码当前宏块,并利用这3种判断提前终止以提高编码速度。实验结果证明,与标准算法相比,所提算法的计算复杂度平均降低了68%,同时对编码质量和比特率几乎没有影响。     

采用率失真与模式特征的多视点视频编码快速模式选择

现有的多视点视频编码使用了分层B帧（Hierarchical B Picture, HBP）的预测结构,其帧内预测、帧间预测以及视点间预测的模式选择给多视点视频编码带来了庞大的计算复杂度。针对这一问题,我们在分析了JMVC模式分布比例的基础上,提出了一个快速帧间模式选择的算法。这种算法利用率失真代价和预测模式特征之间的关系来及时判定最优模式:如果上一尺寸预测模式的率失真代价小于当前尺寸预测模式的率失真代价则认为上一预测模式为最优模式,跳过检查其他更小尺寸的预测模式;反之,如果上一尺寸的预测模式的率失真代价大于当前尺寸的预测模式的率失真代价,则继续检查其他更小的尺寸。这样,通过提前终止一些不必要的模式选择过程,多视点视频编码的计算量得到大幅的降低。实验结果表明:所提算法能在保持JMVC中全搜索算法的编码效率同时,使计算复杂度减少了81.66%。      

H.264快速自适应帧间编码模式选择算法

提出了一种针对H．264标准的帧间编码模式快速自适应选择算法用以减少编码器的复杂度。该算法利用运动补偿后残差宏块的统计信息．将需要计算率失真代价函数的候选模式减少为一个模式组中包含的模式子集。由于该算法采用了重叠划分的模式组以及动态调整的门限．可以最大可能保证宏块的最佳编码模式处于所选择的模式组中，所以可以在编码质量下降很小的情况下，大幅度降低编码复杂度。实验表明，本算法平均可以节省编码时间52％．同时PSNR下降约为-0．05dB,不会影响主观视觉效果。     

H.264宏块模式的一种快速判决方案

H.264采用了可变块运动估计和率失真优化模式判决,极大地增加了编码器的复杂度.本文利用H.264参考软件对时间/空间相邻宏块模式之间的相关性进行了分析,相应地提出了一种快速算法以降低模式判决的运算复杂度.利用已编码相邻宏块的运动信息和模式类型比率信息预测当前宏块的候选模式类型,然后采用部分率失真优化决定当前宏块的编码模式.如果某些模式不在候选模式之列,就不再对其做运动估计.如果相邻宏块的平均失真超过了预定阈值,当前宏块就采用常规的率失真优化模式判决.实验结果表明,对于A、B类测试图像序列,采用本文方案可以明显降低编码复杂度,而编码质量只有轻微的下降.     

H.264帧内预测模式快速判定算法研究

帧内预测作为H.264中提高编码效率的重要部分,其采用了率失真优化技术（RDO）进行预测模式的选择,但同时编码复杂度和计算量也明显增加.为此,提出一种快速判定算法.该算法利用区域图像的质心坐标对区域图像的平坦性和方向性进行判断,算法通过判断宏块的平坦性提前选定块大小,根据4×4块的纹理方向,确定预测模式集,降低算法复杂度.实验结果表明,与H.264标准参考编解码器JM8.6相比,所提算法编码时间节省50％以上,峰值信噪比和码率变化不大.     

基于感知的多视点视频编码宏块模式选择快速算法

多视点视频编码(MVC)采取可变块模式选择技术和 多参考帧技术显著提高了编码的压缩效率,但同时带来了巨大的 编码计算复杂度。为了降低MVC的计算复杂度,提出基于感知的快速MVC宏块模式选择 算法。基于人眼视觉感知的特点,利用视觉恰可察觉失真(JND)的概念建立MVC宏块的最优模 式和JND的联系,并利用该联系确定早期结束最优宏块模式选择过程的阈值,根据当前编码 宏块的JND与阈值的 关系自适应地减少每个编码宏块的模式搜索次数,进而减少MVC的方向搜索和参考帧搜索的 次数,以降 低编码的复杂度,提高MVC速度。实验结果显示,对于不同运动特性、内容、纹理信息、相 机间距和图像 尺寸的测试序列,提出的快速算法在率失真性能几乎不变的情况下平均节约76.00% 编码时间。     

结合深度信息的多视点视频编码快速模式选择算法

多视点视频加深度(MVD,multi-view video plus depth)的编码格式包含多个纹理视频序列及其对应的深度图,深度图与对应的纹理视频具有相似的边缘信息。传统的编码模式不考虑两者的联系,单独编码导致复杂度高、编码时间过长。因此,合理利用深度图与纹理图的相似性进行编码,可以有效降低编码复杂度,同时应该确保编码质量不受影响。本文利用深度图的这一特点辅助纹理视频的编码,提出一种帧间快速模式选择算法,充分利用深度图与纹理图之间的相似性,建立一种联合复杂度模型,根据模型得到每个宏块的复杂度。对于复杂度低的宏块,在计算率失真代价之前跳过编码中一些不必要的模式,从而降低编码复杂度。实验表明,本文提出的快速模式选择算法,在保证率失真性能基本不变的情况下,能减少60.57%的编码复杂度,并最高能减少80.64%的编码时间。     

H.264的帧间宏块模式选择算法

H.264中定义了7种不同大小的帧间宏块模式,为了提高编码效率,编码时对每一种宏块模式都进行运动搜索,并利用率失真优化(RDO)分别计算编码代价,选择编码代价最小的模式作为帧间编码模式,但是计算量非常大,导致运动估计速度缓慢,很难实现实时编码。本文提出一种选择宏块模式的快速算法,通过宏块模式编码代价的比较,提前确定宏块模式,从而逐步减少不必要的宏块搜索和RDO计算。实验结果表明,此方法与全宏块模式搜索相比较,图像质量和码流只有少量变化,而编码速度有显著提高。     

适宜于粗粒度质量可伸缩的帧间编码快速算法

根据质量可伸缩视频编码（SVC）的特征,提出一种适合于粗粒度质量SVC增强层的帧间快速编码算法。首先,根据基本层宏块的模式和率失真值,预测当前宏块编码模式采用的顺序;然后,根据残差系数的分布特征提出了残差系数判断,根据空间相关性提出了率失真值判断;最后,根据模式已预测的顺序编码当前宏块,利用残差系数判断和率失真值判断进...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks