TiO2,MoO3,PEO掺杂的四元钨酸溶胶的稳定性研究

首次制备了TiO2,PEO,MoO3掺杂的四元钨酸溶胶,用旋转粘度计研究了不同配方掺杂的钨酸溶胶稳定性,筛选出了最佳配方,该配方制备的四元掺杂的钨酸溶胶在室温下可以稳定保存两个月以上.由该配方钨酸溶胶制的WO3电致变色薄膜材料的成膜均匀,性能优良.     

TiO2掺杂WO3粉体的制备及其性能研究

以Na2WO4和HCl为原料通过液相沉淀法制备了WO3粉体,再用钛酸四丁酯和制备的WO3粉体通过钛酸胶体浸渍法制备了TiO2掺杂的WO3粉体,并利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和紫外-可见分光光度计对产品的性能进行了表征。结果表明,当煅烧温度为550℃、TiO2掺杂量为5%、催化剂最佳用量为0.04g时,TiO2掺杂的WO3粉体的催化降解性能最好,对甲基紫的降解率可达88.56%。     

纳米WO3/TiO2的制备及光催化甲烷和水的反应性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了WO3/TiO2纳米复合催化剂,通过XRD、IR、UVDRS技术对材料的表面性质与构造、光响应性能进行了表征,并研究了该催化剂作用下光催化甲烷和水生成甲醇的反应性能;考察了煅烧温度、WO3掺杂量对光催化活性的影响,并研究了反应条件对甲醇产量的影响。结果表明:掺入WO3使TiO2光催化活性提高,扩大了光激发波长范围;催化剂煅烧温度为600℃、WO3摩尔分数为3%时,光催化性能最佳;在紫外光照射下,光激发WO3/TiO2表面产生光生空穴,催化甲烷转化为甲醇,甲烷转化率为16.2%,对甲醇的选择性达到76%。     

四元SCR催化剂V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2脱硝性能

以锐钛型TiO2为载体,V2O5为主要活性成分,同时负载WO3和MoO3作为活性助剂,制备了四元催化剂V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2,并对该催化剂的脱硝活性、催化选择性及微观表征进行了研究。结果表明,该四元催化剂脱硝性能优于相同负载量下单一负载W或Mo的三元催化剂,W可以提高催化剂高温(>400℃)活性,同时抑制Mo在高温区间导致的副反应发生,Mo可以提高低温(<300℃)活性,弥补W在低温区间的活性不足。该四元催化剂最大活性99%,温度窗口(脱硝活性>80%)为280～420℃,在180～380℃范围内SO2氧化率为零,在0～1000℃范围内存在3个失重峰,100～130℃结晶水蒸发,230～270℃有机添加剂分解,500～530℃无机盐分解,微观镜像表明该催化剂颗粒均匀致密,粒径大小一致,没有出现团聚现象,具有完整的微孔结构。     

Effects of CuO、MoO3 and WO3 dopping on magnetic properties of NiZn ferrites

研究了CuO、MoO3和WO3掺杂对NiZn铁氧体电磁性能的影响.研究表明,适量的CuO掺杂能提高材料烧结密度并降低磁晶各向异性常数,从而提高材料的起始磁导率,但居里温度也有一定程度的下降.当主配方中CuO含量(摩尔分数)为4%时能最好的兼顾材料高磁导率和高居里温度的要求.而MoO3和WO3掺杂则均能引起晶界附近阳离子空位增多,从而加速晶界移动,促进晶粒尺寸增大,进而提高材料的起始磁导率.同时,由于W离子具有较强的占据铁氧体A位替代Fe3 的趋势,需要更大的掺杂量才能达到磁导率的峰值,其居里温度和饱和磁感应强度也低于相应MoO3掺杂的材料.     

四元掺杂电致变色薄膜材料的制备及其性能的研究

用溶胶 凝胶法首次制备了组分为 WO3、TiO2、CrO3、PEO的四元掺杂电致变色薄膜材料,得到了较佳的组分配比,用 TG DTA,XRD 研究薄膜材料的结构变化,推断出最佳热处理温度。循环伏安和可见光透过率测试表明该薄膜材料有较好的电化学性能和阴极着色效应,可以作为电致变色器件中的阴极电致变色层薄膜材料。     

Ce对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的掺杂和扩渗改性研究

为改善Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3材料的电性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体.通过液相Ce掺杂和气相Ce扩渗两种方法,对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体进行了改性,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、阻抗分析仪和电阻仪对改性前后Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的组成、结构和电性能的变化进行了研究.结果表明:Ce元素的添加有助于Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体电阻率的降低,而扩渗改性使电阻率的降低更为显著,经600℃扩渗的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的电阻率由3.71×106Ω.m降至2.39×101Ω.m;稀土Ce掺杂使Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3的介电常数减小,而Ce扩渗使Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3的介电常数显著增大;Ce掺杂使粒径更加均匀,而随着气相扩渗温度的提高,晶粒粒径逐渐变大;Ce掺杂没有改变Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3的主晶相结构,但Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体经Ce扩渗后,出现了单质Bi及Bi2Ti2O7、Na2Ti9O19、Na2Ti6O13的特征峰.     

A2(MO4)3型化合物的晶体结构与热膨胀性质的研究

采用固相化学反应方法成功合成了GdY(WO4)3，Gd2(MoO4)3,DyGd(MoO4)3,DyTb(MoO4)3利用高、低温X射线衍射方法对其结构及其晶胞参数随温度的变化进行了研究。结果表明 GdY(WO4)3,Gd2(MoO4)3,DyGd(MoO4)3,DyTb(MoO4)3化合物的晶胞体积均随温度的升高而增大，为正热膨胀系数材料。通过对其晶体结构进行认真分析并与负热膨胀系数材料Sc2(WO4)3的结构进行对比，认为这四种化合物分别属于α—Gd2(MoO4）3型和CaWO4(白钨矿)型的结构相：其结构相对致密，氧原子不再只是两配位，不满足产生负热膨胀必要的结构条件，因此所合成的材料没有产生负热膨胀效应。     

稀土元素与N共掺杂TiO2光催化剂的研究进展

TiO2作为一种重要的光催化剂,对其进行掺杂改性可有效扩展其光谱响应范围,提高其光催化活性。介绍了稀土元素与N对TiO2进行共掺杂改性的机理及研究现状,分析了共掺杂对TiO2晶体结构、电子结构以及光学性能、氧化还原性能的影响,总结了稀土元素与N共掺杂改性TiO2存在的问题以及今后的研究前景。     

水热法制备Mo掺杂WO3纳米材料及其光致变色性质的研究

WO3是一种多功能半导体材料,光致变色是其重要性质之一。利用单质W和Mo与双氧水之间的反应,加入Na2SO4作为矿化剂,通过水热合成制备出具有新颖结构的六方相Mo掺杂WO3纳米材料。应用SEM,XRD,HRTEM,XPS等检测手段分别对掺杂纳米材料的形貌和尺寸、物相、掺杂成分等进行研究,证明了产物为纯六方相的MoxW1-xO3,并确认了掺杂的成功。通过与纯WO3纳米线对比,所制备的MoxW1-xO3材料所具有的由掺杂导致的带隙改变及其独特的复合纳米结构,都有利于提高电子传递效率,从而使光致变色性能明显提高。     

Hydrothermal Crystallization in the Systems La2(CO3)3 ? 6H2O-CaCO3(BaCO3)-R-H2O (R = Na2CO3, K2CO3, NaHCO3, KHCO3, NaCl, NH4Cl, CO(NH2)2)

Crystallization in the systems La₂(CO₃)₃ ⋅ 6H₂O-CaCO₃(BaCO₃)-R-H₂O (R = Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, KHCO₃, NaCl, NH₄Cl, CO(NH₂)₂) was studied under hydrothermal conditions (400–450°C). The solid reaction products were found to contain LaOHCO₃ and NaLa(CO₃)₂. Detailed thermal decomposition schemes were proposed for these phases, and their lattice parameters were refined. __________ Translated from Neorganicheskie Materialy, Vol. 41, No. 11, 2005, pp. 1366–1372. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Nikol'skaya, Dem'yanets.     

Theoretical study of the insulating oxides and nitrides: SiO2, GeO2, Al2O3, Si3N4, and Ge3N4

An extensive theoretical study is performed for wide bandgap crystalline oxides and nitrides, namely, SiO₂, GeO₂, Al₂O₃, Si₃N₄, and Ge₃N₄. Their important polymorphs are considered which are for SiO₂: α-quartz, α- and β-cristobalite and stishovite, for GeO₂: α-quartz, and rutile, for Al₂O₃: α-phase, for Si₃N₄ and Ge₃N₄: α- and β-phases. This work constitutes a comprehensive account of both electronic structure and the elastic properties of these important insulating oxides and nitrides obtained with high accuracy based on density functional theory within the local density approximation. Two different norm-conserving ab initio pseudopotentials have been tested which agree in all respects with the only exception arising for the elastic properties of rutile GeO₂. The agreement with experimental values, when available, are seen to be highly satisfactory. The uniformity and the well convergence of this approach enables an unbiased assessment of important physical parameters within each material and among different insulating oxide and nitrides. The computed static electric susceptibilities are observed to display a strong correlation with their mass densities. There is a marked discrepancy between the considered oxides and nitrides with the latter having sudden increase of density of states away from the respective band edges. This is expected to give rise to excessive carrier scattering which can practically preclude bulk impact ionization process in Si₃N₄ and Ge₃N₄.     

(K0.44,Na0.52,Li0.04) (Nb0.84,Ta0.10,Sb0.06)O3 Ferroelectric Ceramics

Recent progress in (K_0.44,Na_0.52,Li_0.043-based ceramics (KNN) with special emphasis on (K_0.44,Na_0.52,Li_0.040.84,Ta_0.10,Sb_0.06))O₃ (KNN-LT-LS) is reviewed concisely. The base KNN and its compositional derivatives are analyzed in terms of dopant-property relationships, which are then extended to the ternary derivatives. The effects of processing conditions such as humidity, precursor purity, and oxygen partial pressure during sintering are elaborated on from a phenomenological perspective. It is also shown that the spontaneous polarization is sensitive to the processing route chosen for synthesis (mixed oxide versus perovskite routes). Special attention is devoted to the discussion of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) dilemma in the KNN-LT-LS system, where it is shown that the origin of high piezoelectric activity is actually due to a polymorphic transition at room temperature. It is shown that prototype transducers based on pure and 1 mol% Ba²⁺ doped KNN-LT-LS exhibit performance metrics comparable to those fabricated using PZT-5H. Overall, KNNLT- LS ceramics show great promise for lead-free applications, although issues such as temperature dependence of properties and strong sensitivity to processing conditions remain as the 2 major challenges.     

Elastic modulus and hardness of CaTiO3, CaCu3Ti4O12 and CaTiO3/CaCu3Ti4O12 mixture

Three ceramic systems, CaTiO₃ (CTO), CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) and intermediate nonstoichiometric CaTiO₃/CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ mixtures (CTO.CCTO), were investigated and characterized. The ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C for 180 min. The surface morphology and structures were investigated by XRD and SEM. Elastic modulus and hardness of the surfaces were studied by instrumented indentation. It was observed that CCTO presented the higher mechanical properties (E = 256 GPa, hardness = 10.6 GPa), while CTO/CCTO mixture showed intermediate properties between CTO and CCTO.     

Flux growth of single magnetic sublattice antiferromagnetic garnets Ca3 Fe2 Ge3 O12 and Ca3 Mn2 Ge3 O12

Magnetic single crystals garnets Ca₃ X₂ Ge₃ O₁₂ with X = Mn³⁺ or Fe³⁺ containing Ca²⁺ and Ge⁴⁺ are of great interest due to the rise of an antifer-romagnetic order in one definite octahedral site. The optimal conditions for obtaining single magnetic-sublattice garnets of large size (1 cm in diameter) have been analyzed. Two groups of solvents have been tested: Bi₂ O₃ or PbO based flux. The best results were obtained with PbO flux and starting composition : % Moles 44 PbO 1b 35 GeO₂ 1b 15 CaO 1b 6 X₂ O₃.     

High pressure synthesis of Gd3InO6, Tb3InO6 and Lu3InO6

Three new compounds, X₃InO₆ (X = Gd, Tb, Lu) were prepared at 1–4 GPa, ～1050°C. They are monoclinic, space group $\text{P}\text{2}{}_1\text{n}$ with $\text{a}\text{? 8.9}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{b}\text{? 9.8}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c}\text{? 5.9}\text{A}\text{?}$, β ～ 95° and Z = 4.     

Effect of doping with Co2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and Mn2O3 on the properties of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2?δ

The effects of Co, Fe, Mn, and Ti oxide additions on the sinterability and crystal-chemical, thermal, and electrical properties of Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_2−δ have been studied. The results indicate that these oxides enhance the sinterability of the mixed oxide, regardless of whether they were introduced before or after synthesis. The most effective sintering aid is Co₂O₃. The lattice parameters of Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_2−δ samples containing different metal oxide additions (1 mol %) are refined in space group Fm3m. The temperature-dependent thermal expansion data are used to determine the linear thermal expansion coefficients of the samples. Manganese oxide additions reduce the electrical conductivity of Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_2−δ, whereas the other dopants increase it in the order Ti < Fe < Co. The activation energy for conduction increases in the order Co < Ti < Fe < Mn. Original Russian Text ? E.Yu. Pikalova, A.N. Demina, A.K. Demin, A.A. Murashkina, V.E. Sopemikov, N.O. Esina, 2007, published in Neorganicheskie Material, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. 830–837.     

Thermal characterization of KClO3 KBrO3 and KIO3

The specific heats, thermal decompositions and thermal properties of the phase transitions in KClO₃ KBrO₃ and KIO₃ crystals were measured. The thermal stability of the compounds decreased in the order KIO₃ > KCIO₃ > KBrO₃. Over the temperature range 250–600 K, no phase transitions were detected for KBrO₃: one at 545 K for KClO₃ and two for KIO₃ at 345 and 487 K.     

Microstructure, domain structures and ferroelectric properties in (Pb0.8,La0.1,Ca0.1)TiO3/Pb(Zr0.2,Ti0.8)O3 bilayered thin film

Ferroelectric (Pb_0.8,La_0.1,Ca_0.1)TiO₃/Pb(Zr_0.2,Ti_0.8)O₃ (PLCT/PZT) bilayered thin film was prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO₂/Si(100) substrate by RF magnetron sputtering technique. Pure perovskite crystalline phase, determined by X-ray diffraction, was formed in the PLCT/PZT bilayer. The bilayered film exhibited a very dense and smooth surface morphology with a uniform grain size distribution. The ferroelectric domain structures were investigated by a combination of vertical and lateral piezoresponse force microscopy (VPFM and LPFM, respectively). It is demonstrated by both VPFM and LPFM observations that out-of-plane and in-plane lamellar ferroelectric domains coexist in the bilayered thin film. The PLCT/PZT bilayered film possesses good ferroelectric properties with relatively high spontaneous polarization (2P_s = 82 µC/cm²) and remnant polarization (2P_r = 26.2 µC/cm²).     

K2(Rb2,Cs2,Tl2)TeBr6(I6) and Rb3(Cs3)Sb2(Bi2)Br9(I9) perovskite compounds

We systematize available experimental data on the crystal structure of the ternary halides K₂(Rb₂,Cs₂,Tl₂)TeBr₆(I₆) and Rb₃(Cs₃)Sb₂(Bi₂)Br₉(I₉), analyze the general trends in the properties of their single crystals, and examine the key features of the physicochemical interaction in related systems.