基于知识的飞行器外形设计系统研究

针对飞行器外形设计的复杂性、往复性特点,提出了基于知识的飞行器外形设计系统体系结构。利用飞行器方案设计专家系统推理的结果,开发了基于UG平台的飞行器外形设计系统,实现了飞行器外形的自动式建模和向导式建模。融合飞行器外形设计的设计规则和经验知识,设计了基于UG/KF的飞行器各部位的知识特征模型。由此设计完成的飞行器外形模型可脱离该设计系统进行修改设计,从而满足了重复设计的需要,提高了设计效率。     

基于多实体的混合设计方法应用研究

目前通常有两种可用的设计方法：自顶向下和自底向上。骨架式自顶向下设计得 到了广泛的研究,但过于抽象不易于掌握,且忽略现有资源的应用及零部件间的位置及特征对 关联零部件设计的作用;另外自底向上设计脱离设计布局,设计效率低下。为解决两种设计存 在的问题,提出了基于三维多实体的模块化混合设计法。首先根据不同产品的结构特点,划分 了三维多实体布局类型,并简要介绍了布局方法。然后结合各种情况详细地阐述了混合设计中 最重要的参数关联问题,其中重点探讨了如何将设计加速器的设计结果嵌入到智能布局零件中, 以此实现末端需求控制前端设计的反求设计思想。最后结合典型设计案例阐述了混合设计法的 应用,表明混合设计法是可行且有效的。     

基于生物学的电子电路设计

介绍了可进化硬件的机理和相关技术,着重阐述了一种基于进化论中遗传算法的大规模电子电路设计方法,分析了如何通过可进化硬件的机理来实现复杂系统的高容错性设计。介绍了进化电子电路设计的设计架构及基本设计步骤,实现进化电子电路设计的设计环境。展望了基于可进化硬件思想的电子电路设计的发展前景。     

关注触觉的产品设计

现代设计囊括了视觉设计、嗅觉设计、听觉设计等诸多方面。当现代设计还主要从视觉角度分析设计,理解设计时,日本却早已开始了新一轮由触觉体验引发的设计变革。本文将对触觉体验设计的发展和现状进行分析,概括地提出了关注触觉体验设计的新概念,辅以实例说明这种设计方法是如何开展的,得出了良好的触觉体验设计的判断标准。最后,对本文将对关注触觉体验的产品设计方法的发展趋势进行预测,以期对现代设计有所裨益。     

特征设计的形式化描述

特征设计方法在设计中的成功应用取决于其形式化设计理论的建立。文章从形式化定义和设计过程描述这两个方面研究了特征设计的形式化描述方法。文中提出了特征定义、特征表示的形式化方法,探讨了特征设计过程的操作性和过程性描述,并给出了相应的设计算法。为解决特征设计系统开发和运行缺乏统一方法学这一课题作了有益的尝试。     

风力机叶片气动外形三维设计方法研究与应用

本文针对风力机叶片气动外形的设计现状,采用Schmitz设计模型,结合小型叶轮设计实例,提出了风力机叶片的三维设计方法。利用图形几何变换原理求解叶片各截面叶素的空间坐标,运用三维设计平台进行叶片三维实体建模,设计过程交叉组合,提出了三种设计方法,并分析了各自的特点。方法具有普适性,有助于提高叶片的设计质量和设计效率,为叶片气动外形的三维快速设计提供了参考。     

论虚拟设计在现代产品开发中的重要作用

文中通过引入虚拟设计的概念,分析了虚拟设计对产品设计方式的影响;具体介绍了虚拟设计的两种设计方式———异地网络互动设计方式和基于虚拟现实系统的设计方式;通过与以前设计方式的比较,更深一步探讨了虚拟设计如何在现代产品开发中实现,提出了虚拟设计在现代产品开发中的重要作用;通过具体的实例以及对各个国家在虚拟设计方面所做的努力分析了虚拟设计在应用方面的问题,并对今后虚拟设计的发展前景进行了展望,指出虚拟设计有待于更进一步的发展。     

分布式实时协同设计环境的研究

计算机支持的协同设计是适应分布式产品开发的设计方式。实时协同设计是协同设计的难点问题。文章提出了分布式实时协同设计环境的框架,研究了模型共享、协同设计agent、并发控制机制等关键技术,提出了基于Pro/E的实时协同设计环境的实现方法。     

信息安全SOPC硬件平台的架构设计

平台化设计已经成为国际上渐趋流行的设计理念,SOPC给用户提供了一个最为灵活的设计平台。本文针对SOPC的特点进行信息安全平台设计,分析了信息安全平台的需求,总结其设计应遵循的原则;在此基础上提出一个信息安全SOPC硬件平台架构模型,并专门针对NiosII进行了详细设计。最后针对平台设计中的MCU、总线设计等关键问题提出了相应的解决方案。     

基于Protel DXP的电路设计技巧

Protel DXP作为一款专用的电子线路设计软件,其强大的设计功能得到了电子线路设计人员的青睐。从原理图设计和PCB设计两大模块出发,阐述了Protel DXP在使用中的一些设计技巧和原则。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.