3种植物挥发油混配对米象的熏蒸与触杀毒性研究

分析赤桉、直杆蓝桉和文旦3种植物挥发油的化学成分，并研究其混配对米象的熏蒸与触杀毒性。结果表明：赤桉、直杆蓝桉和文旦3种植物挥发油的主要成分分别为斯巴醇(22.69%)、1,8-桉油精(46.81%)、D-柠檬烯(63.28%)。赤桉与直杆蓝桉挥发油以体积比1∶9及9∶1混配，对米象熏蒸毒性的共毒系数分别为128.29%和121.96%,为增效作用；以体积比3∶7和4∶6混配，共毒系数分别为114.95%和97.42%,为相加作用。文旦与赤桉挥发油以体积比1∶9和7∶3混配，对米象触杀毒性的共毒系数分别为117.44%和85.05%,为相加作用；以体积比8∶2和2∶8混配，共毒系数分别为45.92%和61.82%,为拮抗作用。     

吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑混剂对花生褐斑病的防治

[目的]明确吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑混合对花生褐斑病毒力增效作用。[方法]室内联合毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果]筛选得到吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的增效型混剂。[结论]吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑以1:1混配对抑制菌丝生长增效最为明显,共毒系数为138.86。田间药效试验中,20%吡唑醚菌酯·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂对花生叶斑病的防治效果达到84.50%,显著优于2个单剂的防效。     

魔芋胶-黄原胶复配体系流变学特性及其凝胶形成动力学分析

为探究魔芋胶与黄原胶2 种食品胶复配使用后的协同作用,以魔芋胶和黄原胶为原料,控制总凝胶质量分 数为1%,以魔芋胶与黄原胶质量比分别为2∶8、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、8∶2进行复配后,考察复配体系的流变学特性并对 其凝胶形成进行动力学分析。结果表明：魔芋胶-黄原胶复配体系具有假塑性,当魔芋胶的添加比例逐渐增大时, 复配体系黏度系数K增大,流体系数n减小,且复配体系的动态黏弹性质也随着魔芋胶与黄原胶的质量比不同而改 变,当魔芋胶与黄原胶质量比为6∶4时,复配体系的K值达到最大、n值最小,具有最强的假塑性及黏弹性。同时, 魔芋胶与黄原胶的不同质量比对凝胶形成速率有较大影响,当质量比小于6∶4时,凝胶形成显示出较慢的速率,且 形成的凝胶强度较弱;当质量比为6∶4时凝胶形成速率加快,SDRa曲线和G’曲线上升明显,形成的凝胶强度增大, 当质量比继续增加时,凝胶形成速率反而降低。采用阿伦尼乌斯方程对凝胶形成过程中的动力学参数进行拟合,决 定系数均在0.98以上,表现出较高的拟合精度;凝胶形成过程中的活化能在魔芋胶与黄原胶质量比为6∶4时有显著 增加（P＜0.05）,高温段与低温段间的活化能也表现出明显差异。     

文献导读

<正>强筋与弱筋小麦配麦面粉及馒头和面条品质的研究以强筋小麦"新麦26"与弱筋小麦"皖麦47"为材料,按10∶0、9∶1至1∶9、0∶10共11个比例配麦处理,分析其籽粒、面粉、加工馒头和面条的品质及其相关性。结果表明,籽粒和面粉21个品质性状、馒头11个品质性状和面条8个品质性状处理间差异显著或极显著。"新麦26"与"皖麦47"在配麦8∶2和6∶4处理时,馒头评分均在75以上,其中以配比8∶2时馒头评分最高;配麦9∶1、8∶2和7∶3时,面条评分     

饲料中11种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的检测方法

建立了一步提取三步净化法-气质联用技术检测饲料中四氟甲醚菊酯、胺菊酯、联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯等11种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈-水(体积比2∶1)溶液提取,正己烷萃取,再经正己烷饱和的乙腈萃取,固相萃取三步净化过程,经DB-5MS色谱柱分离,以氦气为载气,以选择离子扫描方式(SIM)检测。结果表明,方法线性相关系数r≥0.9893,仪器定量限为0.10~5.00μg/kg。样品加标的平均回收率为82.82%~118.54%,相对标准偏差为3.11%~9.22%。     

杀虫剂混用对烟蚜的毒力及田间药效试验

试验目的在于为杀虫剂混用提供依据。选用"敌敌畏"1000倍 "敌杀死"2000倍、"功夫"1000倍 "辟蚜雾"1000倍、"氧化乐果"1000倍 "灭蚜宁"1000倍共3种混配杀虫剂进行室内毒力和田间小区药效试验,并与相应单剂作比较。田间药效试验结果表明,"敌敌畏"1000倍 "敌杀死"2000倍有增效作用,另两种混剂分别比对照的1种单剂为增效而比另1种为减效。农药成本混剂介于相应2个单剂之间。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定蜂蜜中双甲脒及其代谢物残留量

目的建立超高效液相色谱法(ultra-performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)同时测定蜂蜜中双甲脒及其代谢物(2, 4-二甲基苯胺)残留量的方法。方法样品经0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液提取、正己烷-异丙醇(2:1,V:V)混合液萃取,再采用ACQUITYUPLC?BEHC_(18)(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm)色谱柱进行分离,以乙腈和20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液作为流动相,柱温30℃、流速为0.20 mL/min,检测器波长在235 nm处进行检测,外标法定量。结果双甲脒及2,4-二甲基苯胺标准曲线在2.0～500.0 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限双甲脒为0.27μg/kg, 2,4-二甲基苯胺为0.42μg/kg,以样品加标做回收率测定,双甲脒与2,4-二甲基苯胺的回收率分别为99.6%～101.2%和99.3%～101.6%,测得的相对标准偏差均小于5%。结论该方法具有线性范围宽、检出限低,灵敏度、准确度高,重复性好等优点,能满足于蜂蜜中双甲脒及2,4-二甲基苯胺的快速检测要求。     

窖泥己酸菌和丁酸菌联合接种发酵液有机酸检测与分析

研究以窖泥己酸菌与丁酸菌为菌种联合接种培养,采用气相色谱仪对发酵液中有机酸含量进行定量检测,分析不同接种比例下的产酸特点,为两菌种在酿酒生产中合理利用提供依据。结果表明:不同接种比例的发酵液中的己酸、丁酸及丙酸含量均呈现先增加后降低的变化规律、乙酸含量则呈现不断增加趋势,其中己酸和丁酸积累量在9天时均达到峰值;将己酸菌、丁酸菌按配比1∶1联合接种发酵,第6天时菌体密度值最大,第9天时发酵液有机酸总含量最高(7.0mg/mL),四大酸己酸、丁酸、丙酸及乙酸的比例结构为:1∶0.6∶0.2∶0.3。结论:己酸菌与丁酸菌联合接种时,适宜配比1∶1,菌体生长密度高,发酵液中总有机酸度最大,丁酸、丙酸、乙酸含量高,己酸含量较高,四种有机酸比例较为协调。     

烟草青枯病菌对4种杀菌剂的敏感性及复配药剂联合毒力评价

为筛选出对烟草青枯病菌具有抑制作用的高效药剂,以链霉素为对照,采用生长曲线测定仪检测了烟草青枯病菌对氟啶胺、双苯菌胺、噻霉酮和春雷霉素的敏感性,并利用Wadley方法对氟啶胺与纳米硫、纳米铜、纳米银的9种复配比例进行联合毒力评价。结果表明,双苯菌胺和氟啶胺对烟草青枯病菌的平均EC₅₀分别为0.037 8 μg/mL和0.305 0 μg/mL,EC₅₀分布范围分别为0.018 7~0.053 4 μg/mL和0.147 1~0.890 4 μg/mL,链霉素、噻霉酮和春雷霉素对烟草青枯病菌的平均EC₅₀分别为0.546 3 μg/mL、2.429 9 μg/mL和9.927 3 μg/mL,说明杀真菌药剂氟啶胺、双苯菌胺可有效抑制青枯病菌生长,且抑菌效果优于链霉素等药剂。5种药剂对烟草青枯病菌的敏感基线均呈正态分布,为连续的单峰曲线,可用于田间烟草青枯病菌抗性菌株监测。氟啶胺与纳米农药按不同比例复配后的EC₅₀均小于纳米农药单剂的EC₅₀。当氟啶胺与纳米硫按体积比1 ∶ 40复配时具有增效作用,增效系数为1.60;氟啶胺与纳米铜按体积比80 ∶ 1复配时,相加作用最为明显（EC₅₀=0.142 2 μg/mL）;氟啶胺与纳米银的复配比例（体积比）为1 ∶ 20时,增效系数最高达1.41,具有相加作用。      

未挤压—挤压糙米粉配比对糙米面条品质的影响

将未挤压糙米粉(UEBR)与挤压糙米粉(EBR)按不同比例复配(0∶10、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3),然后将糙米粉与小麦粉以1:1的比例混合制成面条,研究未挤压糙米粉与挤压糙米粉配比对面条品质的影响。结果表明,随着未挤压糙米粉添加量的增加,面条干物质损失率逐渐减小,吸水率先增加后减小,比例为6∶4时,吸水率达到最大;当UEBR与EBR比例大于5:5时,干面条的弯曲距离和最大剪切力显著减小(P0.05);熟面条最大剪切力随UEBR增加而减小,在UEBR与EBR比例为0∶10~6∶4时硬度呈增加趋势。因此,综合分析以上指标,UEBR与EBR比例为5∶5时,糙米面条品质最好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the