光催化降解壬基酚聚氯乙烯醚的研究

研究了以悬浮态TiO2为催化剂，在H2O2存在的条件下，对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的光催化降解反应。分别考察了pH值、TiO2和H2O2的加入量、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的初始浓度以及光照时间对降解反应的影响。结果表明：在pH值为5，H2O2质量浓度为30mg／L的条件下，对初始质量浓度为50mg／L的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液光照4h后降解率达46．32％。     

UV／Fenton处理苯酚废水的研究

采用UV／Fenton联合体系降解苯酚模拟废水,苯酚的初始质量浓度为300mg／L,COD。的初始质量浓度为760mg／L。探讨了pH值、H202（30％）和FeSO4·7H2O投加量、反应时间等因素对苯酚和CODcr去除率的影响。结果表明,UV／Fenton联合体系降解苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件是：溶液pH值为3、H2O2投加量为2．5mL／L、FeS04·7H20投加量为0．020g／L、反应时间为90min。此时,苯酚的去除率为95％,CODcr的去除率为90％。UV／Fenton联合体系能较好地处理苯酚废水。     

Cu2O可见光催化降解环境内分泌干扰物双酚E

采用水解法制备Cu2O,以Cu2O为催化剂,对光催化降解水中环境内分泌干扰物双酚E（BPE）的性能和影响因素进行了研究。利用高效液相色谱法测定降解后水中BPE的含量,探讨了催化剂投加量、H2O2加入量、溶液的初始浓度及pH值对BPE降解效率的影响。在光照120min、催化剂投加量为0．4g／L、H2O2的投放浓度为7．5mL/L,BPE初始浓度为10．0mg／L、pH值=5．0的条件下降解效果达86．84％。     

用CuO/AC催化氧化降解水中LAS的研究

LAS是一类广泛使用的阴离子表面活性剂,具有一定的毒性,且不易降解.文章以CuO/活性炭(AC)为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂催化氧化降解LAS.结果表明:在H2O2浓度为4.9 mmol/L,温度=70℃,pH在5～6,反应时间为2.5 h的条件下,LAS降解率67.7%,COD去除率54.1%.     

铁-草酸配合物光解降解对氯苯酚的研究

研究了Fe(III)-草酸配合物在可见光及太阳光照射下，对氯苯酚的光解降解作用。结果表明，在pH=4．0、Fe(III)／H2C2O4=0.040mmol／L／1．44mmol／L(草酸分3次加入)、光照3h的条件下，20rag／L的对氯苯酚的降解率为89．80％。溶液pH值、铁与草酸浓度比和苯酚浓度均对降解效果产生影响。     

吸附-氧化法处理焦化废水的研究

以活性炭作为吸附剂处理焦化废水中的难降解有机物，COD去除率只有70％左右，与催化氧化法联合后，去除率大幅度提高。正交实验结果表明，H2O2-Fe^2 (Fenton试剂）的催化氧化效果比H202—Cu^2 好，最佳处理条件为：H201．5g／L，Fe^2 0．4g／L，反应温度80℃。经活性炭吸附-Fenton试剂催化氧化处理后，焦化废水的COD从1173mg／L降至43．2mg／L，去除率达96．3％。同时，H202作氧化剂对活性炭进行再生，再生率达到96％以上。     

臭氧／过氧化氢降解内分泌干扰物西草净

利用O3／H2O2体系降解内分泌干扰物类除草剂西草净,西草净质量浓度为2mg／L,过氧化氢与臭氧摩尔比为0．7,臭氧质量浓度为6．8mg／L,室温（23℃）,pH值为5—6的条件下,西草净的去除率最高可达92．9％,结果说明O3／H2O2体系氧化西草净的反应条件温和,易于工程应用。     

微波辅助光催化降解4-氯酚的研究

采用了一种新的水处理技术微波辅助光催化(MW／UV／P25)降解4-氯酚(4CP)模拟废水。初始质量浓度为30mg/L的4CP在微波光催化下发生了降解,反应120min,4CP的降解率达到82．85％,Cl^-质量浓度增加值为7．95mg/L。4CP的降解率与溶液的pH、通气条件、紫外灯光照度等因素有关,外加H2O2氧化剂能够加速4CP的降解。微波辅助光催化降解4CP服从一级反应动力学方程。     

碳酸钠对烷基苯磺酸钠／脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚／H2O体系相行为和流变性的影响

研究了NaCO3对烷基苯磺酸钠／脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚／H2O（LAS／Neodol25-9/H2O)体系相行为的影响,确认了L1 La与L1＋La相界面的存在,并得到了不同Na2CO3浓度下体系的相图,结果表明,碳酸钠的加入使L1相和La相缩小,H缩小至消失,层状分散扩大,但其分散稳定性下降,LAS／Neodol25-9混合体系的稳定性明显高于纯的LAS或Neodol25-9体系。     

石英棒负载TiO2膜光催化降解苯酚影响因素研究

采用浸涂粉末沉积-焙烧法在石英光导棒的表面制备了TiO2膜,并利用该固定膜催化剂光催化降解苯酚溶液,考察了各种反应条件对苯酚降解效果的影响。结果表明,曝气状态下的处理效果要显著优于非曝气状态。在1．05～8．28L／h范围内改变循环流量,苯酚的降解率随流量的增大而升高,当循环流量增大到一定程度(5．04L／h)时,外扩散不再成为反应的限制因素。以乙醇作为自由基清除剂,加入0、1mL和10mL体积分数为80％乙醇的苯酚降解率分别为94．10％、73．03％和65．83％。H2O2的投加量在0．05～5mL／L之间改变,苯酚降解率随H2O2投加量的增加而提高,但是在投加量超过0．1mL／L后,降解率趋于稳定。     

Microbial aspects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate degradation in coastal water

Viable and total bacteria were determined during linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) degradation in coastal seawater. Viable bacteria were determined by plate counts on marine agar media, while total bacteria were determined by flow cytometry after SYTO-13 staining. LAS degradation was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Seawater samples with LAS at 5 mg/L, incubated in the laboratory (20°C, 100 rpm, 30 d), showed in most cases a similar evolution in bacterioplankton abundance over time, characterized by three phases: (i) a progressive increase in bacterial density; (ii) a later decrease; and (iii) a fluctuating stationary phase. Bacterioplankton degraded the LAS by growing to populations with a high percentage of viable bacteria. The bacteria were rapidly grazed by protozoa, preventing anomalous high bacterial growth and ensuring the later channeling of LAS carbon to upper trophic levels.     

Future LAB feedstocks：the advent of pearl GTL

采用两种不同来源的正构烷烃合成了相应的烷基苯,经磺化、中和后得到两种烷基苯磺酸盐,测 定了其应用性能,评价了其对环境的影响。结果发现,来源于天然气液化油（GTL）的正构烷烃完 全可以替代来源于煤油的正构烷烃生产烷基苯及其磺酸盐。     

Effect of temperature on the biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate

The effect of temperature on the biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and alcohol ethoxylate (AE) was evaluated using method OECD 303 A, Confirmatory test (Husmann units). The experiments were performed using an initial surfactant concentration of 10 mg/L and working temperatures of 25, 15, and 9°C, keeping the biodegradation units inside a thermostatic chamber. In all cases, the removal of both surfactants tested, LAS and AE, was higher than 90%, regardless of the temperature used in the test. We observed that longer acclimation periods were needed by the microorganisms at lower temperatures.     

Using sonochemical reactor for degradation of LAS from effluent of wastewater treatment plant

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are anionic surfactants, which are found in relatively high amounts in domestic and industrial wastewaters. The effectiveness of using sonochemical reactor for the degradation of LAS from effluent of wastewater treatment plant has been investigated. In this study, experiments of LAS solution were performed using methylene blue active substances (MBAS) method. The effectiveness of sonochemical reactor for LAS degradation is evaluated with emphasis on the effect of sonication time and initial LAS concentration. Experiments were carried out at initial concentrations of 0.2 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L and 1 mg/L, frequency of 130 kHz, acoustic power value of 400 W, temperature of 18-20 °C and pH value of 6.8-7. This study showed that LAS degradation was found to increase with increasing sonication time. In addition, as the concentration is increased, the LAS degradation rate decreases in the sonochemical reactor.     

Methyl Ester Sulfonate: A High-Performance Surfactant Capable of Reducing Builders Dosage in Detergents

The detergency performance of α-sulfo fatty-methyl ester sulfonate (α-MES) under different water hardness conditions was compared against the dominant workhorse in Home Care products, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). Results demonstrate that α-MES has a higher soil removal index and its detergency performance is not drastically affected by water hardness, compared to that of LAS. The addition of α-MES to LAS also shows an improved cleaning performance and better water hardness resistance, due to the structural characteristics of α-MES, which allow the molecules to be relatively insensitive toward polyvalent ions such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. The washing performance of α-MES, α-MES/LAS, and LAS with different builders at various dosages was studied, and the results indicated that the dosage of builders in the detergent product could be reduced up to 33% with the application of α-MES, while the detergency is not sacrificed.     

The influence of sodium tripolyphosphate and zeolites on detergency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in the presence of Mg++

The influence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and zeolites on the detergency performance of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has been evaluated at different water magnesium ion levels. This study demonstrates that LAS/STPP gives better results in the presence of calcium than in the presence of magnesium, whereas the LAS/zeolite mixture gives better results in the presence of magnesium than in the presence of calcium.     

Formulating characteristics of high and low 2-phenyl linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in liquid detergents

Detergent range linear alkylbenzene (LAB) currently is manufactured by two different processes, using either aluminum chloride or hydrogen fluoride as the alkylation catalyst. The alkylates from the two processes are not exactly the same. Furthermore, the properties of the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) surfactants made by sulfonation of the LABs also differ. Because LAS is used in most types of detergent products, it is important to known how the properties of each type of LAS differ. This paper compares the formulating characteristics (such as viscosity, solubility and foaming) of high and low 2-phenyl LAS in some typical household cleaning product formulations. It is concluded that the two types of LAS should not be used interchangeably without first checking carefully all the physical properties required in a product. Presented at the AOCS meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii in May 1986.     

直链烷基苯磺酸异丙胺盐的性能及其在餐具洗涤剂中的应用研究

对直链烷基苯磺酸异丙胺盐(HIPN)的表面张力、润湿力、乳化力、发泡能力等基本性能进行研究,并与洗涤剂常用阴离子表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)和α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)进行了对比,研究了HIPN在手洗餐具洗涤剂配方中的表现。结果表明,在餐具洗涤剂中HIPN具有优异的增稠性能,能全部代替或者部分代替LAS和AES,实现和AOS复配的低成本无二烷配方。     

Study of the Effects of LAS and Zein Concentrations on Protein Solubilization

The effects of both linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and zein protein concentrations on protein solubilization were investigated to better understand the influence of increasing concentration of the surfactant on protein denaturation and skin irritation. Different methods have been used for the determination of the amount of protein dissolved. A wide range of LAS concentrations and zein amounts were used. The results confirm that protein solubilization increases with LAS concentration increase and demonstrate that a minimum LAS/Zein ratio exists for all the zein to be dissolved.     

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergency behavior in water containing magnesium ions

Detergency performance of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in water containing magnesium ions has been investigated. LAS showed the same behavior with magnesium as with calcium, on a qualitative basis. However, the detergency performance with magnesium is significantly higher than with calcium.