用于氧氮分离促进输送膜的研究

报道对氧的促进输送膜的研制和膜的性能测定工作以Ｃｏ（３ＦＳａｌｅｎ）为氧载体，用简便的方法制备了聚砜－硅橡胶－氧载体复合膜；研究了制备方法和制备条件对膜渗透和分离性能的影响实验结果表明，促进输送膜能有效地在提高氧氮分离系数αＯ／Ｎ的同时，也提高了膜对氧的透气速率ＰＯ．采用混合固体氧载体的制膜方法也有独特的优点．     

有于氧氮分离促进输送膜的研究

报道对氧的促进输送膜的研制和膜的性能测定工作。以Ｃｏ（３ＦＳａｌｅｎ）为氧载体，用简便的方法制备了聚砜－硅橡胶－氧载体复合膜；研究了制备方法和制备条件对膜渗透和分离性能的影响。实验结果表明，促进输送膜能有效地在提高氧氮分离系数α０／Ｎ的同时，也提高膜对氧的透气速率Ｐ０，采用混合固体氧载体的制膜方法也有独特的优点。     

新的载体媒介传递膜

总结了近几年研究和发展的几种载体媒介传递膜。与支撑液膜相比，这些膜具有好的稳定性和长的寿命。对某些物质，如重金属离子、小分子中性碳氢化合物、氨基酸等有高的选择性和通量。它们的传递机理为固定位置跳跃或移动和固定载体2种机理结合。这些研究有望在环境、生物等技术领域中应用。     

富氧促输膜用氧载体的研究进展

在促进输运载体型富氧膜的研究中，氧载体的研究是核心，本文系统地介绍了三大类与之相关的络合物氧载体，金属卟啉络合物氧载体，多胺类金属络合物氧载体，并对其结构作了详细的阐述，同时讨论了一系列氧载体性能评估的方法，并对分析测试方法进行了简要的介绍。     

分离CO2的促进传递膜

促进传递膜在分离机制上有别于普通分离膜，由于透过组分与膜中载体之间特异性的可逆反应使其性能优异．文章综述了国内外近年来在分离CO2促进传递膜方面的研究进展，特别介绍了本课题组在固定载体膜方面的研究结果，选择、研制固定工体膜材料所遵循的基本思路，以及对固定地体膜内传递机理所做的一些新探索．     

载体膜运输原理初探

本文探讨了移动载体膜对离子的运输机理,推导出了移动载体膜运输的基本方程。推导过程中引入了分配系数,得出了在膜的促进运输中可以应用的运输通量表达式;并简述了载体膜的应用。     

液晶化载体促进传递膜的研究

合成了两种侧链液晶高分子(PSC—Ⅱ),得到具有冠醚和液晶的双重功能的载体．用核磁共振光谱(^1HNMR)和红外光谱(IR)证实了它们的结构．示差扫描热分析(DSC)实验证明了它们都具有热致液晶性．用聚丙烯膜(Celgard 2400)作支撑体,侧链液晶高分子作载体,采用不同的制膜方法,研究了Na^ 、K^ 离子选择性渗透通过膜的传递性能．对实验结果进行了讨论,指出了选择合理的成膜方法对传递性能影响是主要因素．     

无机分离膜的进展

本文综述了十年来无机分离膜的制备工艺、基础理论和应用研究所取得的进展。介绍了无机分离膜的主要制备方法,制膜条件与膜孔隙的关系,无机分离膜的特性和它的应用,讨论了无机分离膜的今后发展趋向。     

质子交换膜中质子输送过程模拟的研究进展

质子的扩散系数、电导率等质子在质子交换膜中的输送参数可以用实验的方法来表征,这些实验技术大多仍停留在用宏观的参数来反映其微观的性能上.运用计算机模拟技术可直接在分子规模描述其输送过程.主要综述了几种质子在质子交换膜中输送过程的模拟方法,讨论了这几种模型在模拟质子输送过程中的一些假设及求解质子输送情况时的大概思路.     

Dynamic Curvature Nanochannel‐Based Membrane with Anomalous Ionic Transport Behaviors and Reversible Rectification Switch

Biological nanochannels control the movements of different ions through cell membranes depending on not only those channels' static inherent configurations, structures, inner surface's physicochemical properties but also their dynamic shape changes, which are required in various essential functions of life processes. Inspired by ion channels, many artificial nanochannel‐based membranes for nanofluidics and biosensing applications have been developed to regulate ionic transport behaviors by using the functional molecular modifications at the inner surface of nanochannel to achieve a stimuli‐responsive layer. Here, the concept of a dynamic nanochannel system is further developed, which is a new way to regulate ion transport in nanochannels by using the dynamic change in the curvature of channels to adjust ionic rectification in real time. The dynamic curvature nanochannel‐based membrane displays the advanced features of the anomalous effect of voltage, concentration, and ionic size for applying simultaneous control over the curvature‐tunable asymmetric and reversible ionic rectification switching properties. This dynamic approach can be used to build smart nanochannel‐based systems, which have strong implications for flexible nanofluidics, ionic rectifiers, and power generators.     

固载促进传递膜的研究进展

对固载促进传递膜的制备方法、传递机理等方面进行了详细的阐述，并展望了它的发展前景．     

聚丙烯微孔膜亲水化研究进展

以聚丙烯为膜材料制成的微孔膜具有力学性能好、化学稳定等特点,可直接用于电池隔膜和双极膜基材,而经亲水化处理后的聚丙烯微孔膜在水处理工业中显示了更广阔的应用前景。文中介绍了制备聚丙烯微孔膜的热致相分离法和熔融挤出-拉伸法。并针对聚丙烯微孔膜表面亲水化改性方法的特点和工艺条件,进行了较全面地综述,如引发剂引发、臭氧处理、辐射(紫外光、电子束、离子束、γ射线)处理、低温等离子体处理以及共混等。最后简要叙述了聚丙烯膜亲水处理后,微观结构和应用性能的变化。     

Electronic Transport via Proteins

A central vision in molecular electronics is the creation of devices with functional molecular components that may provide unique properties. Proteins are attractive candidates for this purpose, as they have specific physical (optical, electrical) and chemical (selective binding, self‐assembly) functions and offer a myriad of possibilities for (bio‐)chemical modification. This Progress Report focuses on proteins as potential building components for future bioelectronic devices as they are quite efficient electronic conductors, compared with saturated organic molecules. The report addresses several questions: how general is this behavior; how does protein conduction compare with that of saturated and conjugated molecules; and what mechanisms enable efficient conduction across these large molecules? To answer these questions results of nanometer‐scale and macroscopic electronic transport measurements across a range of organic molecules and proteins are compiled and analyzed, from single/few molecules to large molecular ensembles, and the influence of measurement methods on the results is considered. Generalizing, it is found that proteins conduct better than saturated molecules, and somewhat poorer than conjugated molecules. Significantly, the presence of cofactors (redox‐active or conjugated) in the protein enhances their conduction, but without an obvious advantage for natural electron transfer proteins. Most likely, the conduction mechanisms are hopping (at higher temperatures) and tunneling (below ca. 150–200 K).     

无机致密透氧膜研究进展

介绍了无机致密透氧膜材料的发展以及研究现状和发展趋势。     

磺化SEBS质子交换膜的研究进展

燃料电池商业化的实现要求要有性价比高的质子交换膜,磺化SEBS以其低廉的价格、独特的微相结构、良好的力学性能和高的质子导电率正成为大家关注的焦点.着重评述了磺化SEBS质子交换膜近年来的研究进展,较为详细地讨论了其制备、微相结构、性能特点和改性后在直接甲醇燃料电池等方面的应用,并扼要阐述了其发展方向.     

聚四氟乙烯膜的制备及性能

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜载体,由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)分散乳液制得PTFE疏水膜,分析和讨论了膜烧结后的组成、动态力学性能的变化,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了膜表面形貌。结果表明:(1)制备的PTFE膜较PTFE在组成上无明显变化;(2)经定长和松弛状态烧结的PTFE膜,其DMA谱图的α转变较PTFE未发现较大变化;(3)经定长状态下烧结后所得PTFE膜中原纤网络结点之间构成了较为疏松的微孔结构,而在松弛状态下烧结所得膜的微孔结构较为致密。     

小型富氧器的研制

用改性甲基硅橡胶膜制成了富氧组件。当膜两侧的压力比为0.26或集气管的绝对压力为20cmHg时,其富氧性能:流量0.80—1.40升/分,富氧空气的氧气含量27.7—33.5%。由组件制成了7组件富氧器,这个富氧器在实验室进行了操作,其操作条件,膜两侧压力比(P_L/P_H)对富氧空气流量及富氧空气中氧含量或分离系数有巨大的影响。     

Transport of ions through a cylindrical membrane: Effect of radius

Abstract

The performance of a cylindrical ion‐selective membrane of arbitrary radius is investigated theoretically. In particular, the effect of the radius of the membrane on its current efficiency is examined without assuming local electroneutrality and Donnan equilibrium. Two types of fixed charge distribution are considered, namely, linear and sinusoidal. The results of numerical simulation reveal that the boundary condition at the axis of a membrane should be assumed appropriately. We show that if the inner radius of a membrane is smaller than its thickness, assuming bulk conditions at the membrane axis is inadequate. Also, the potential drop across a membrane will change its sign, which is disadvantageous to the transport of ions.