导电涤纶织物的制备及其性能研究

采用化学镀的方法制备镀铜和镍导电涤纶织物.分别用四探针法和双轴传输线法测量了导电涤纶织物的表面电阻和电磁屏蔽效能.采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了不同的粗化时间对织物表面粗糙度的影响和化镀铜和镍过程中的表面形态变化.采用自主设计的"透明胶带法"测量金属与织物纤维的结合力.采用条样法测定织物镀金属前后的断裂强力和断裂延伸率.     

Effect of parameters on adhesion strength for slurry spray coating technique

In this article, slurry spray technique (SST) has been adopted for depositing mullite–nickel based environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) on some ASTM 1018 low-carbon steel. Considerable value of adhesion strength of a deposited cermet is critical for the coating to comply with service condition. The effect of identified process parameters like stamping pressure, fly ash content, sintering additive, sintering time, and sintering temperature on optimizing adhesion strength is evaluated. Parametric assessment of the developed coatings is done utilizing Taguchi L₁₈ orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the analytical study of the experimentation, the dependence of adhesion strength of slurry sprayed coatings on the process parameters has been studied. Maximum adhesion strength value of 18.15?MPa was attained during experimentation within the range of the selected control parameters. The enhanced adhesion strength was found for increased sintering temperature up to 950°C which may be attributed to the improved sintering of mullite mixed fly ash due to lowering of secondary mullitization temperature. Furthermore, it has been proven experimentally that the quality of coatings achieved in this work is acceptable and approaching to the quality of thermal coatings manufactured with commercially available fabrication methods.     

ASTM金属材料拉伸试验方法介绍

介绍了ASTM E8(E8M)标准中的金属材料屈服强度、屈服点伸长率、均匀伸长率、抗拉强度、伸长率和断面收缩率的测量方法，并与我国相应的标准试验方法进行了比较。     

A comparative study on mechanical properties of carbon fiber/PEEK composites

The aim of this work was to improve mechanical properties such as flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) thermoplastic polymer which has very high processing temperature due to its high melting temperature. Carbon fiber (CF) surface was modified by two different methods: oxidative and non-oxidative. Piranha solution and chromate solution were used for chemical treatment (oxidative treatment), and silicone based polymers were used for polymer coating (non-oxidative). The changes on the surface structure and surface chemistry were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. FTIR results indicate that coating fibers decreases carbon element content, whereas increases the oxygen and silicone content as well as their functional groups on the surface. Flexural strength and ILSS properties of CF/PEEK composites were measured according to ASTM D-790 and ASTM D2344, respectively.     

两种测试纤维增强塑料冲压式剪切强度标准的对比

冲压式剪切强度是玻璃纤维增强塑料重要的力学性能指标。探讨了GB／T1450．2—2005和ASTM D732-2002两个标准之间的区别，并用相同纤维增强塑料样品进行冲压式剪切强度试验。对试验的结果进行了比较，发现采用ASTM标准方法试验结果的离散率相对较低。     

Effect of fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of cocoa pod husk fibers reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites

In this study, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk (CPH) fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was prepared by melt compounding method using Haake Polydrive R600 internal mixer. The composites were prepared with different fiber loading: 20%, 30% and 40% (by weight), with the optimum processing parameters: 190 °C, 11 min, and 40 rpm for temperature, time and speed, respectively. Five samples were cut from the composite sheet. Mean value was taken for each composite according to ASTM standards. Effect of fiber loading on mechanical (i.e. tensile, flexural properties and impact strength) and morphological properties was studied. TPU/CPH composites showed increase in tensile strength and modulus with increase in fiber loading, while tensile strain was decreasing with increase in fiber loading. The composite also showed increase in flexural strength and modulus with increase in fiber content. Impact strength was deteriorated with increase in fiber loading. Morphology observations using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed fiber/matrix good adhesion.     

Development of kenaf-glass reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite for structural applications

The main aim of this paper is to develop kenaf-glass (KG) fibres reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite on a source of green composite using sheet moulding compound process. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) and KG fibres in mat form were used at a ratio of 70:30 (by volume) with treated and untreated kenaf fibre. The kenaf fibre was treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) diluted solution for 3 h using mercerization method. The hybrid composites were tested for flexural, tensile and Izod impact strength using ASTM D790-03, ASTM D618 and ASTM D256-04 standards respectively. The highest flexural, tensile and impact strength were obtained from treated kenaf with 15/15 v/v KG fibres reinforced UPE hybrid composite in this investigation.Scanning electron microscopy fractography showed fibre cracking, debonding and fibre pulled-out as the main fracture mode of composites and kenaf treated 15/15 v/v KG reinforced hybrid composite exhibited better interfacial bonding between the matrix and reinforcement compared to other combinations.     

The effect of bond coat on mechanical properties of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 and Al2O3-13 wt% TiO2 coatings on AISI 316L stainless steel

In this study, Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃-13 wt% TiO₂ were plasma sprayed onto AISI 316L stainless-steel substrate with and without Ni-5 wt% Al as bond coat layer. The coated specimens were characterized by optical microscopy, metallography and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Bonding strength of coatings were evaluated in accordance with the ASTM C-633 method. It was observed that the dominant phase was Al₂O₃ for both coatings. It was also found that the hardness of coating with bond coat was higher than that of coating without bond coat. Metallographic studies revealed that coating with bond coating has three different regions, which are the ceramic layer (Al₂O₃ or Al₂O₃-13 wt% TiO₂), the bond coating, and matrix, which is not affected by coating. The coating performed by plasma-spray process without bond coating has two zones, the gray one indicating the ceramic layer and the white one characterizing the matrix. No delamination or spalling was observed in coatings. However, there are some pinholes in coating layer, but they are very rare. The bonding strength of coatings with bond coat was higher than that of coating without bond coat. The strength of adhesion and cohesion was determined by means of a planemeter. It was seen that percentage of cohesion strength was higher than that of adhesion strength.     

Investigation on processing of ASTM A131 Eh36 high tensile strength steel using selective laser melting

ABSTRACT

In this paper, selective laser melting (SLM) technique was used to investigate the processing of EH36 high tensile strength steel commonly used in the shipbuilding applications. EH36 powder was produced according to ASTM A131 standards using gas atomisation process. SLM process parameters, including scanning speed and hatch spacing, were investigated to produce test specimens with high density. Parts were successfully built using SLM without cracks. Density tests were performed according to ASTM B962 standards. Light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed slight porosities and martensitic microstructure respectively. The study concluded that EH36 parts could be produced using SLM and this provided foundation work for the technical feasibility of fabricating high tensile strength steel components for the shipbuilding industry.     

The effect of synthetic polyethylene fiber on the strain hardening behavior of engineered cementitious composite (ECC)

This research investigated the effects of polyethylene (PE) fibers on the toughness and compressive and flexural strengths of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) cubes and slabs. In particular, this study discussed the reinforcing index (R.I.) as the main parameter. Tests were conducted in direct tension to evaluate the strain-hardening behavior of ECC with different PE fiber contents. Flexural toughness was also assessed following the ASTM C1018 procedure and post-cracking strength technique (PCS_m). Results showed that the compressive strength linearly decreased with the increase of the reinforcing index, which in turn decreased the first crack load and significantly increased the ultimate load and failure deflections, and the ultimate strength of slabs. The toughness indices I₂₀ to I₁₀₀ significantly increased with the increase in reinforcing index and even exceeded the considered limitations. Based on the observed results, a new definition for the ECC PE was proposed as an extension to the definition given in ASTM C1018. All the residual strength factors increased when the reinforcing index increased, indicating a higher amount of the retained strength. Similarly, the retained strength had a higher amount when the PCS₂₄ values increased with increase in the reinforcing indices.     

聚丙烯悬臂梁冲击强度测试的不确定度评定

以聚丙烯树脂为测试材料,采用ASTM D 256:2010规定的方法为标准测试手段,在悬臂梁冲击试验仪上测定23℃下的冲击强度,对测试过程中的不确定度分量进行分析和评定,并给出了具体数值。通过试验得出聚丙烯常温悬臂梁冲击强度测试的扩展不确定度为7.6J/m,k=2,置信概率p≈95%。     

Effect of C content on the mechanical properties of solution treated as-cast ASTM F-75 alloys

The mechanical properties of solution treated ASTM F-75 alloys with various carbon contents have been studied. Alloys cast under the same conditions were subjected to solution treatment for several periods and then their tensile properties were evaluated. In the as-cast conditions, the alloys exhibited higher strength values with increasing carbon content whereas their ductility was not significantly affected. For the solution treated alloys, the variation of the strength was characterized by a progressive increase for short treatment times until a maximum value was achieved, which was followed by a diminution in this property for longer treatment times. This behavior was more accentuated for the case of the alloys with medium carbon contents, which also exhibited the highest values of strength. Furthermore, the alloy’s ductility was enhanced progressively with increasing solution treatment time. This improvement in ductility was significantly higher for the medium carbon alloys compared with the rest of the studied alloys. Thus, high and low carbon contents in solution treated ASTM F-75 alloys did not produced sufficiently high tensile properties.     

High School Gymnasium Roof Truss Support Collapse

Roof truss supports from a high school gymnasium were evaluated after the roof collapsed under a heavy load of snow. The roof collapsed when the truss supports buckled. Three significant structural deficiencies were identified during the evaluation: (1) Truss supports were not gusseted, allowing for side-to-side movement. (2) Yield strength of the support was 9% below the minimum specified yield strength specified for the base material, ASTM A36. (3) Full penetration was not achieved on the butt weld between the truss and support.     

Laboratory investigation of rheological properties and scaling resistance of air entrained self-consolidating concrete

An experimental investigation was undertaken to analyze the influence of various admixtures on the rheological properties and scaling resistance of self-consolidating concrete. Such concrete is intended for use as a repair material for filling highly restricted areas, such as forms with closely spaced reinforcing steel bars. Several self-consolidating concrete mixtures having slump flow of 550+50 mm were prepared with water-to-cement ratios varying between 0.35 and 0.41. The mixtures were cast with 0 and 3 percent silica fume, with and without air-entraining admixture. All concretes incorporated superplasticizer and viscosity-modifying admixture to enhance deformability and stability. Rheological parameters (yield value and plastic viscosity) were measured using a concrete viscometer. The air content, unit weight, and consistency were also determined. The consistency was assessed using the slump flow and L-Flow methods. Tests performed on hardened concrete included compressive strength at 28 days (ASTM C 39), scaling resistance (ASTM C 672), durability to freezing and thawing (ASTM C 666) and measurement of the air-void parameters (ASTM C 457). Relationship between the simple slump flow and yield value and plastic viscosity measurements determined using a concrete viscometer are also discussed. In general, the laboratory test results indicate that it is possible to produce a frost durable, self-consolidating concrete with low yield value and high plastic viscosity (for such fluid concrete) which can be use as a repair material to fill highly restricted areas.     

Understanding the factors affecting the compressive testing of unidirectional carbon fibre composites

An investigation was conducted to establish the effects of specimen preparation and configuration on the measured compressive strength of unidirectional carbon fibre. The compressive strength was determined through ASTM D 695 M [ASTM D 695 M, Standard test method for compressive properties of rigid plastics. http://www.astm.org] test method. Specimens conforming to this standard were produced with different thickness, edge and surface preparation. Optical and electron (SEM) microscopical techniques were used to assess initiation of failure and to quantify the damage encountered by the compressive test specimen. The findings correlated well with the mechanical test results, additionally; from the mechanical testing there was significant evidence to suggest that the failure mechanism is dependent upon the quality of the preparation of the test specimen.     

Crack growth resistance curves of GLARE 3 5/4 0.3 fiber–metal laminates at low temperature

The objective of this work was the evaluation of crack growth resistance curves ( J–R curves) of commercial GLARE® 3 5/4 laminates at −50 °C. The experimental evaluation of these curves was performed on 50‐mm‐wide compact tension specimens through the unloading compliance technique. The tests were based on the ASTM E1820 standard with minor modifications. Additionally, tensile tests were also performed at −50 °C on dogbone specimens according to the ASTM E8M standard. Comparisons between low and room temperature properties indicate that the material preserves both its tensile strength and fracture toughness at −50 °C, although low temperature J–R curves presented smaller slopes than the room temperature ones after the onset of stable crack growth.     

Characterization and biodegradability of polypropylene composites using agricultural residues and waste fish

The objective of this research was to study the potential of waste agricultural residues such as rice-husk fiber (RHF), bagasse fiber (BF), and waste fish (WF) as reinforcing and biodegradable agents for thermoplastic composites. Addition of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as coupling agent was performed to promote polymer/fiber interfacial adhesion. Several composites with various polypropylene (PP) as polymer matrix, RHF, BF, WF, and MAPP contents were fabricated by melt compounding in a twin-screw extruder and then by injection molding. The resulting composites were evaluated through mechanical properties in terms of tensile, flexural, elongation at break and Izod notched impact following ASTM procedures. Biodegradability of the composites was measured using soil burial test in order to study the rates of biodegradation of the composites. In general, the addition of RHF and BF promoted an increase in the mechanical properties, except impact strength, compared with the neat PP. According to the results, WF did not have reinforcing effect on the mechanical properties, while it could considerably improve the biodegradation of the composites. It was found that the composites with high content of WF had higher degradation rate. Except impact strength, all mechanical properties were found to enhance with increase in cellulosic fiber loading In addition, mechanical properties and biodegradability of the composites made up using RHF was superior to those of the composites fabricated with BF, due to its morphological (aspect ratio) characteristics.     

干涉对复合材料层合板连接系统的极限挤压强度影响

本文对复合材料层合板单面螺纹抽钉紧固件干涉配合连接结构和高锁螺栓间隙配合连接结构的静挤压强度进行了试验研究.分别考虑了不同干涉量配合和间隙配合对紧固件连接结构极限挤压强度的影响.在静拉伸试验中,采用了卡口引伸计来实时监测孔的变形量.根据ASTM D 5961挤压试验方法标准,得到极限挤压强度及偏移量为2%的2%偏移挤压...     

表面浸润性对冰粘附强度的影响研究

表面浸润性对冰粘附强度有较大影响,通过对裸铝表面进行NaOH溶液化学刻蚀、氟硅烷修饰制备得到不同表面试片,测量试片的表面接触角获得其浸润性,再采用ZDY法计算各试片的表面能,通过冰粘附强度实验装置测量试片表面的冰粘附强度。结果表明,疏水表面冰粘附强度普遍小于亲水表面的粘附强度,表面能较小的试片,冰粘附强度也较小。     

Bond of ribbed galvanized reinforcing steel in concrete

The ASTM beam end test (ASTM A944) has been used to compare the bond and slip behaviour of deformed (i.e. ribbed) galvanized, epoxy-coated and black steel bars in concrete. The objective was to determine whether galvanizing adversely affects bond strength. From a series of thirty specimens, the average bond strength of black steel and galvanized steel reinforcement used in these tests has been determined and bond stress has been shown to act uniformly over the embedded bar area. A slip value of approximately 0.4 mm has been confirmed to be associated with bond failure by concrete splitting. The results indicated that while epoxy coating resulted in a significant loss in bond strength of the order of 20% compared to black steel, there is no adverse effect on bond with the use of galvanized steel. Chromate treatment of galvanized bars is deemed unnecessary since there was no evidence of long term reduction in bond due to the possible effects of hydrogen gas evolution resulting from the reaction between zinc and wet concrete.