搅拌铸造法制备SiCp／A356铝基复合材料的研究

利用搅拌铸造技术制备SiCp/A356铝基复合材料.通过金相观察(OM),扫描电镜(SEM)及力学性能测试对所制备的颗粒增强铝基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,SiC增强颗粒较均匀地分布于基体中,SiC/Al界面处存在明显的Si溶质偏聚,复合材料的孔隙率为4.2%;与基体合金相比,SiC颗粒的加入提高了复合材料的硬度和屈服强度,抗拉强度及延伸率略有下降;断口分析表明,搅拌铸造SiCp/A356铝基复合材料主要的断裂机制为SiC/Al界面脱粘及基体合金的脆性断裂.     

A356/SiC_p垂直向上吸铸增强颗粒的流动与分布

采用搅拌铸造法制备A356/10%SiCp(100μm)垂直向上吸铸件,采用显微数字图像分析系统定量分析铸件不同位置SiC颗粒的含量。基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法,建立颗粒增强铝基复合材料充型过程的数学模型,完成了实验铸件复合材料流动与SiC颗粒分布的模拟。对模拟和实验结果进行比较和验证分析。结果表明,在充型开始部位型壁附近出现SiC颗粒富集层;随着充型距离的增加,SiC颗粒向铸件型腔中心运动,在铸件前端中心部位SiC颗粒含量稍高;沿充型方向,铸件中SiC颗粒含量降低。     

影响铝基复合材料中SiC颗粒分布均匀性的工艺因素

利用组织分析的方法,研究了工艺措施对液态机械搅拌铸造法制备的SiCp/6061A1复合材料中SiC颗粒分布均匀性的影响.结果表明:真空状态下650℃预处理3h.可提高SiC颗粒表面的活性,改善增强颗粒与铝液之间的润湿性;在Ar气流量0.4 m3/h.温度760℃,搅拌速度1500 r/min,搅拌时间25rain的工艺条件下,可得到增强颗粒分布均匀、气孔和夹渣极少的铝基复合材料.     

Mg含量对SiC颗粒增强A356合金基复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用半固态搅拌工艺制备了Mg的质量分数分别为1%、2%和3%的SiC颗粒增强A356合金基复合材料。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及硬度计等研究了镁含量对复合材料中SiC颗粒的分布、孔隙率以及硬度的影响。试验结果表明:以550 r/min的搅拌速度搅拌30min制备的含2%Mg的A356合金基复合材料,其SiC颗粒分布较均匀,孔隙率降低到了2. 4%,硬度提高至102. 10 HB,具有较好的耐磨性能。     

搅拌摩擦加工制备A356铝基复合材料的显微组织与力学性能(英文)

通过搅拌摩擦加工技术将SiC颗粒加入到A356铝合金中制备铝基复合材料,搅拌摩擦加工参数为:旋转速度1800r/min和行进速度127mm/min。基体金属A356铝合金为亚共晶AlSi枝晶组织,而搅拌区的组织与基体金属区不同。共晶Si和SiC颗粒均匀分布于初始铝固溶体中,而经历了剧烈变形的热力影响区的共晶Si和SiC颗粒呈沿旋转方向分散的特征。搅拌区的硬度比基体金属的高,因为在搅拌区存在的缺陷明显减少,共晶Si和SiC均匀分布在其中。     

颗粒尺寸对SiCp/6061铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌铸造方法制备颗粒尺寸为20～50 μm的SiCp/6061铝基复合材料,研究了SiC颗粒尺寸对6061铝基复合材料显微组织、拉伸力学性能和耐磨性能的影响.结果表明:通过搅拌铸造方法制备6061铝基复合材料,SiC颗粒在6061铝基复合材料中分布较为均匀,且随SiC颗粒尺寸增大,6061铝基复合材料中SiC颗粒的分布均匀性提高.SiC颗粒尺寸越小,6061铝基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率越高.在SiC颗粒尺寸为20μm时,6061铝基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为296MPa、5.5％.随SiC颗粒尺寸增大,6061铝基复合材料的耐磨性能提高,磨损率逐渐下降.     

搅拌工艺对SiCp/A356复合材料中SiC颗粒分布及性能的影响

采用不同的半固态搅拌工艺(变化搅拌速度和搅拌时间),制备了SiC颗粒增强A356复合材料。利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和磨损试验机研究了搅拌工艺参数对复合材料中SiC颗粒的分布、孔隙率以及磨损量的影响。结果表明,在搅拌速度550 r/min、搅拌时间30 min下,制备的SiCp/A356复合材料SiC颗粒分布均匀,孔隙率相对较低,耐磨性好。     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料半固态成形件组织及性能

采用机械搅拌、连铸和电磁搅拌相结合的方法制备了SiC/A356铝基复合材料的非树枝晶坯料,经过二次加热和半固态成形技术得到压铸件试样,对其组织和性能进行了分析探讨。结果表明,SiC/A356复合材料在不同状态下的组织形貌与A356对应状态下的组织形貌是相似的;复合材料的抗拉强度随着SiC含量的增加先增高后减低,其弹性模量随着SiC含量的增加而增加。     

SiCp/Mahle142铝基复合材料的油润滑摩擦磨损性能研究

用液态搅拌法制备了SiCp/Mahle142铝基复合材料,研究了2%-15%SiC/Mahle142铝基复合材料和基体合金Mahle142与球墨铸铁对磨时的油润滑摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,SiCp/Mahle142复合材料的油润滑耐磨性随SiCp体积分数的增加而显著提高,在本研究条件下,980N载荷时,15%SiCp/Mahle142铝基复合材料的耐磨性优良,磨损率仅为基体合金的10.3%,而摩擦系数相当;扫描电镜对磨损表面形貌的观察分析表明,SiCp/Mahle142铝基复合材料磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.     

低过热度浇注SiC_p/Gr/ZL101复合材料组织与性能研究

采用半固态搅拌、低过热度重力浇注的方法制备了SiCp/Gr颗粒复合增强ZL101铝基复合材料。通过显微组织观察、拉伸试验以及阻尼性能测试,研究了不同体积分数SiCp/Gr对铝基复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,通过半固态搅拌、低过热度重力铸造法,使ZL101合金中的初生相α-Al由枝晶形态变为蔷薇状,晶粒明显细化。随着SiCp体积分数的增加,复合材料的抗拉强度先升高后降低,伸长率逐渐下降,复合材料的最高抗拉强度达到191MPa,比ZL101合金提高了32%。SiCp与Gr的加入改善了ZL101合金的阻尼性能,复合材料的内耗值Q-1明显高于基体合金,并且随着SiCp体积分数的增加,复合材料内耗值Q-1逐渐提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.