液相进样直接甲醇燃料电池性能研究

报道了用研制的Pt-Ru/C催化剂, 采用特殊工艺制备了膜电极, 并组装了直接甲醇质子交换膜单电池系统。考察了电极扩散层制备方法、催化剂层中催化剂、Teflon-C以及Nafion液的用量等电极制备工艺条件以及空气作为氧化剂对单电池性能的影响。结果表明：采用刷涂法制备电极扩散层比喷涂法好,催化剂层中催化剂的优化含量为0.6mg·cm-2,Teflon-C、Nafion液的最佳用量分别为0.3 mg·cm-2、0.5 mg·cm-2。当工作温度为80℃时,输出电压为0.3V,氧气作为阴极气体的输出电流密度为36mA·cm-2;而空气作为阴极气体的输出电流密度为22.5mA·cm-2。膜电极有效面积为9cm2的的液相进样直接甲醇/氧气燃料电池三电池电堆的最大功率为0.285W,此时输出电压为0.7V,输出电流为0.407A;而液相进样直接甲醇/空气三电池电堆的输出电压为0.635V,输出电流为0.252A时,最大功率为0.160W。     

被动式直接甲醇燃料电池的性能影响因素研究

研究了制约被动式直接甲醇燃料电池(被动式DMFC)性能的因素。通过测定电池的极化曲线、功率密度曲线、长时间放电曲线等手段研究了被动式甲醇燃料电池在不同阴极供料方式、不同阳极供料方式、不同催化剂载量、不同电池温度等条件下的放电特性。测试结果表明:阴极氧气扩散速率较慢是导致被动式电池性能较低的一个主要因素,阴极采用主动进料时电池的性能相比被动式DMFC提高了23.5%,最大功率密度达到8.4mW?cm?2。而且阴极的水淹问题也制约了被动式DMFC的长时间放电性能。提高阴阳极的催化剂载量能显著提高电池的性能,阴阳极催化剂载量为4.0mg?cm?2时,最大功率密度达到11.4mW?cm?2。但是催化剂载量的提高会影响电池的长时间放电性能,特别是,提高阴极催化剂载量能显著提高电池的温度,所以能较大提升电池的性能。     

直接甲醇燃料电池研究进展

介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池的工作原理、研究现状及最新进展,认为直接甲醇燃料电池是目前较理想的燃料电池,有广阔的发展前景。     

微型直接甲醇燃料电池阳极传质分析

针对微型直接甲醇燃料电池,将阳极流场板简化为规则结构的多孔介质,运用多孔介质理论建立了包括流场板在内的阳极传输模型。模型考虑了阳极流道内液体饱和度沿流动方向的变化、催化层的厚度以及甲醇渗透,计算并讨论了阳极流道内液体饱和度的分布和流量对电池电流密度的影响,分析了阳极过电位对甲醇浓度分布和电池性能的影响以及质子交换膜内的传质特性。     

直接甲醇燃料电池技术及应用

本文回顾了直接甲醇燃料电池（ＤＭＦＣ）的研究开发历史,系统阐述了ＤＭＦＣ系统中电催化剂选择与设计基本原则、电解质膜材料与甲醇渗透的关系。分析了电池工作温度、工作压力和甲醇进料方式对ＤＭＦＣ电化学性能的影响。     

被动式微型直接甲醇燃料电池燃料供应技术进展

作为便携式电子设备下一代电源的可能选择之一,微型被动式直接甲醇燃料电池受到越来越多的关注.微型化及被动式的特点给电池反应物的供给带来了新的挑战.本文对近年来被动式燃料电池的各种供液方式,包括气态供料、直接浸泡阳极、二氧化碳驱动供液,利用毛细作用和表面张力等进行了综述,对其技术特点及前景做了分析与讨论.     

直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

综述了质子交换膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中的作用和要求,目前质子交换膜的研究进展,重点介绍了适用于直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的各种材料的改性方法。按照物理和化学两种方法对几类质子交换膜材料进行改性。同时对比了改性前和改性后各种聚合物膜的物性特点。     

直接甲醇燃料电池用Nafion膜及其改性研究进展

讨论了 Nafion膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用 ,综述了国内外对直接甲醇燃料电池用 Nafion膜改性的最新进展。     

直接甲醇燃料电池研究取得成果

2011年5月8日,中科院长春应用化学研究所承担的国家高技术研究发展计划（863）课题一直接甲醇燃料电池技术开发通过科技部验收,为直接甲醇燃料电池实用化和产业化奠定了重要基础。     

直接甲醇燃料电池中甲醇穿透对电池性能的影响

根据已经建立的液体进料直接甲醇燃料电池一维模型讨论甲醇穿透对电池性能的影响.结果表明:电流密度较低时,甲醇穿透对电池性能的影响较大;随着电流密度增大,甲醇穿透对电池性能的影响越来越小.     

MEA design for low water crossover in air-breathing DMFC

The water crossover behavior in air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was studied with varying structural variables of membrane electrode assembly (MEA), such as existence of microporous layer (MPL) in cathode diffusion layer, hydrophobicity of cathode backing layer, and membrane thickness. Water crossover from anode to cathode was lowered by the introduction of MPL to cathode backing layer, the reduction of hydrophobicity of cathode backing layer, and the reduction of membrane thickness. To account for the observed water crossover behavior, water back flow caused by the hydraulic pressure difference between the cathode and anode was considered. It was also found that the methanol crossover was lowered with the reduction of water crossover. The MEA designed for low water crossover revealed improved stability under continuous operation.     

Modification of cathode structure by introduction of CNT for air-breathing DMFC

Optimization of the structure and texture of the cathode catalyst layer for air-breathing DMFC has been studied. Application of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as an additive to the cathode catalyst layer resulted in the increase of BET surface area and porosity of the catalyst layer due to filamentous morphology of CNT. Best performance was observed at the intermediate CNT/catalyst ratio of 0.05. I–U polarization and impedance analysis indicated that the faster oxygen reduction reaction at the open cathode is responsible for the power density improvement. Excessive cathode porosity was not favorable due to the decrease of the effective ionic conductivity of the catalyst layer.     

乙醇溶液液滴降压蒸发过程传热传质特性

针对单个乙醇溶液液滴在降压环境下蒸发的传热传质过程建立了数学模型。模型基于液相的能量守恒和 传质扩散理论,利用经典拓展模型计算液滴的质量蒸发率,并引入活度系数考虑液滴表面的蒸气分压。采用液 滴悬挂法进行实验,分别记录了乙醇溶液液滴和乙酸溶液液滴在降压蒸发过程中的液滴内温度变化。将实验数 据与计算结果对比,验证了模型的有效性。通过模型计算获得了液滴内部温度分布以及浓度分布随时间的变化。 结果表明:快速降压阶段空气流动较快,加之乙醇工质易挥发,液滴表面温度下降迅速,液滴内部温差和乙醇 浓度梯度较大;压力稳定后,空气流速为零,液滴内部温差和乙醇浓度梯度逐渐减小。由于液滴内部的热扩散 速率大于传质扩散系数,内部温度随时间的变化比浓度随时间的变化更快。     

Hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics in an internal loop airlift reactor with sieve plates

Effects of the sieve plate on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in an annulus sparged airlift reactor (0.08 m³, 1.3 m tall, and 0.284 m in diameter) were investigated. It is found that the sieve plate can significantly enhance gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient. The sieve pore plays an important role in breaking up bubbles. With a given free area ratio, the sieve plate with a larger sieve pore diameter is more efficient in increasing the volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Four different free area ratios between 37% and 73% are tested, and then an optimal free area ratio is determined. The effect of the sieve plate is found to be related to sparger types. The sieve plate leads to a larger increase of volumetric mass transfer coefficient with the O-ring distributor as compared to the 4-orifice nozzle. Empirical correlations and a hydrodynamic model are proposed to predict gas holdup, volumetric mass transfer coefficient and liquid velocity in airlift reactors with sieve plates.     

Mass transfer characteristics and overall mass transfer coefficient in the ozone contactor

The overall mass transfer coefficient k_La,F in the flow characteristics was determined by the measurement of the diffusivity of ozone, density of aqueous solution, and viscosity. However, the measured values k_La,F in the range of 0.0096–0.0622 min^-1 show large changes in hydraulic retention time, and the dissolved ozone concentration C_L,F presented under 0.1 mg/l is lower than the dissolved ozone observed. The overall mass transfer coefficient k_La,M in the ozone decomposition was determined by measurement of the equilibrium dissolved ozone, overall decomposition rate constant, and overall Henry’s law constant. The measured values k_La,M are in the range of 0.0441–0.0749 min^-1, and they present small changes depending on the hydraulic retention time. Furthermore, the measured dissolved ozone concentration C_L,M presents a larger value than the C_L,F. Then, the k_La,M is selected as an input overall mass transfer coefficient to predict the dissolved ozone requirement in the ozone contactor.     

Adsorption and mass transfer characteristics of metsulfuron-methyl on activated carbon

Removal of a synthetic organic herbicide, metsulfuron-methyl (MSM), from aqueous solutions has been studied in batch and stirred tank adsorbers charged with granular activated carbon particles. Two kinetic parameters, film mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion coefficients, were estimated from concentration decay curves obtained in the batch adsorber. Based on these kinetic parameters, the concentration profiles measured in the stirred tank adsorber were simulated. From experimental and simulated results, it was proven that the film mass transfer at external surfaces of carbon particles controls the overall mass transfer, particularly at low mixing (rotation of blades), during the adsorption of MSM by granular activated carbon particles.     

微通道反应器的一维放大及气液传质特性

微通道反应器能有效增强气液间传质,但处理能力受限。为了提高微通道的处理量,对微通道反应器的一维放大及气-液传质特性进行了研究。以乙醇胺（MEA）和甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）混合水溶液吸收CO₂为研究物系,在通道深度恒定时,考察了微通道宽度、气液流速对传质特性的影响。结果表明,传质系数和体积传质系数均随通道宽度先增大后缓慢减小,在通道宽度为1000 μm时达到最大值。比表面积随通道宽度的增大而降低。因此,合理增大微通道宽度,可在提高处理能力的同时,仍然保持良好的传质特性。