大麦发芽过程中金属离子对大麦酶系中淀粉酶活力影响研究

在大麦发芽过程中通过浸泡方式添加金属离子K+、Na+、Cu2+、Mg2+、Zn2+来提高制麦酶系中α和β淀粉酶的活力, 使麦汁中的离子构成及含量更加合理,这对于啤酒发酵是非常重要的实验发现,Na+、Cu2+对α和β淀粉酶活力影响较大;Mg2+和Zn2+对α-淀粉酶活力有一定的影响, 对β-淀粉酶活力有影响,但幅度较小;K+对α-淀粉酶活力有影响,而时β-淀粉酶活力有一定的影响;当Na+、K+、Mg2+、Zn2+和Cu2+浓度分别达到80、60、40、20、20mg/kg 时,两种淀粉酶活力都达到最大值。      

大麦发芽过程中金属离子对大麦酶系中淀粉酶活力影响研究

在大麦发芽过程中通过浸泡方式添加金属离子K 、Na 、Cu2 、Mg2 、Zn2 来提高制麦酶系中α和β淀粉酶的活力, 使麦汁中的离子构成及含量更加合理,这对于啤酒发酵是非常重要的实验发现,Na 、Cu2 对α和β淀粉酶活力影响较大;Mg2 和Zn2 对α-淀粉酶活力有一定的影响, 对β-淀粉酶活力有影响,但幅度较小;K 对α-淀粉酶活力有影响,而时β-淀粉酶活力有一定的影响;当Na 、K 、Mg2 、Zn2 和Cu2 浓度分别达到80、60、40、20、20mg/kg 时,两种淀粉酶活力都达到最大值。     

浸麦过程中添加金属离子对麦芽内源抗氧化活力的影响

以大麦为实验材料,通过在浸麦阶段添加不同量(0、20、40、60、80、100mg/kg)金属离子(K+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ca2+和Cu2+),测定所制得成品麦芽的相关氧化还原酶(SOD、CAT、POD和PPO)活力、总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除率、还原力和TBARs值,以考察浸麦过程中添加的金属离子对麦芽内源性氧化还原酶与抗氧化活力的影响。结果表明:不同添加量的各金属离子对麦芽氧化还原酶类的影响不尽相同;适宜添加量的上述金属离子均有效增强了麦芽的总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除能力和还原力,降低了麦芽的TBARs值。     

关于添加金属离子对国产大麦芽酶系酶活力影响的研究

国产大麦芽的酶活力不如进口大麦芽的酶活力强,其中原因之一是国产大麦中某些金属离子含量低,而这些离子对大麦中的某些酶有抑制和激活作用。实验发现:当添加Na+、K+、Mg2+、Zn2+和Cu2+浓度分别达到80×10-6、60×10-6、40×10-6、20×10-6、20×10-6时,制麦酶系中的α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶活力都达到最大值,提高幅度明显。故可通过添加某些金属离子来强化制麦酶系的酶活力,提高其生产性能。     

制麦过程中添加金属离子与赤霉素对大麦发芽过程淀粉酶系影响的研究

大麦发芽过程中,添加不同浓度的金属离子Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+、K+、Na+和赤霉素(GA3)对α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和极限糊精酶活性有一定的激活和抑制作用;实验发现,添加量分别为:Mg2+50mg/kg,Ca2+50mg/kg,Zn2+20mg/kg,K+60mg/kg,Na+80mg/kg,GA30.5mg/kg时,对上述3种淀粉酶酶活均有一定的激活作用。与单独用金属离子或赤霉素浸麦相比,金属离子和赤霉素的配合使用对3种淀粉酶的酶活提高作用更为显著。     

金属离子对蛋白酶活力和热稳定性的影响

分别详细考查了3种金属离子对1398中性蛋白酶活力和热稳定性的影响。采用福林法测定了蛋白酶的最适反应温度和pH值,并在最适条件下确定了3种不同金属离子的最适反应浓度,考察和比较了它们对蛋白酶活力及热稳定性影响的差异,结果表明:这3种金属离子对酶活均有提高,而钙离子还具有增强酶热稳定性的作用。     

高梁和大麦芽中金属离子对蛋白酶活生的影响

钙离子能增强大麦芽的蛋白酶活性，镁离子在高粱芽中产生了相似的作用。在高粱和大麦芽里，金属离子，如锌离子和铁离子抑制了谷芽中的蛋白酶活性.研究‘Chariot’大麦和一些高梁品种，蛋白酶活性在第三天增加且在第四天降低，研究‘Puffin’大麦和其它一些高粱品种，蛋白酶活性在第四天增加且在第五天降低。结果认为：在谷芽制造期间，高粱和大麦品种的遗传特性影响了蛋白酶水解的模式，且有其它不了解的谷类品种特性。     

大麦发芽过程中的添加物质

大麦制麦芽过程中的添加物质在许多情况下，多种添加物质配合使用比单独使用效果更地，文中叙述了脱落酸和赤霉酸，乙烯利和ＧＡ３，配合使用在制麦芽过程中效果较好，激素类添加物ＵＦ比单独使用ＧＡ３效果好。     

金属离子对纤维素酶活力影响的研究

对10种金属离子对绿色木酶所产纤维素酶活力的影响进行研究.结果表明,Fe3+、Mg2+、Co2+、Fe2+离子浓度在一定范围内,对纤维素酶活力有激活作用;Cu2+、Hg2+、Zn2+、Al3+、Mn2+等离子浓度在一定范围内,对纤维素酶有抑制作用,其中,Fe3+激活作用明显,Cu2+抑制作用明显.Ca2+在实验浓度范围内对酶活影响不大.添加Fe3+使纤维素酶对乙醇的耐受力提高,并可加快纤维素酶的吸附速度,提高水解效率.     

高梁和大麦芽中金属离子对蛋白酶活性的影响

钙离子能增强大麦芽的蛋白酶活性,镁离子在高粱芽中产生了相似的作用.在高粱和大麦芽里,金属离子,如锌离子和铁离子抑制了谷芽中的蛋白酶活性.研究'Chariot'大麦和一些高粱品种,蛋白酶活性在第三天增加且在第四天降低,研究'Puffin'大麦和其它一些高粱品种,蛋白酶活性在第四天增加且在第五天降低.结果认为:在谷芽制造期间,高梁和大麦品种的遗传特性影响了蛋白酶水解的模式,且有其它不了解的谷类品种特性.     

大麦发芽过程中蛋白质组的变化研究

通过双向电泳技术监测大麦发芽过程中水溶蛋白质组的变化,明确大麦发芽过程中蛋白质组的变化规律,为麦芽制造提供一定理论依据。以澳麦\     

青稞萌发工艺优化及营养成分分析

以青稞为原料,通过单因素和正交试验,研究了萌发条件对青稞总酚和β-葡聚糖含量的影响,优化了青稞萌发的最佳工艺参数;在最佳萌发工艺的基础上,研究了青稞萌发前后营养成分及酶活性的变化。结果表明:青稞萌发最佳工艺条件为萌发时间2d、萌发温度30℃、pH 6.4,在该工艺参数下,青稞萌发后其总酚含量为1.18 mg/g,β-葡聚糖含量为2.35%;青稞萌发后,青稞中总酚含量显著增加,同时β-葡聚糖的减少量较小,此外多酚氧化酶及β-葡聚糖酶的活力均显著增强。该试验旨在通过对青稞萌发后的营养分析,为研究新型功能性食品提供理论依据。     

Physicochemical changes in barley starch during malting

The objective of this work was to study the physicochemical modifications of starch during the malting of barley. The results showed that malting modifies the physicochemical properties of the starch over time by the action of barley enzymes. The gelatinisation temperature of starch increased as a function of the malting time owing to the selective enzymatic attack. The viscosity of starch decreased through malting. During germination, scanning electron microscopy showed that the enzymes degrade some starch granules which exhibited micro‐holes on the surface. X‐ray diffraction showed an apparent increase in the crystallinity during the first three days of germination, reflecting the consumption of amorphous regions. Such changes have not been previously reported. Infrared spectroscopy (1200–1500 cm^?1) showed the unfolding of carbohydrates as a result of enzymatic action. Such changes in the physicochemical properties of starch indicate that the amorphous area is consumed in the early stages of malting. © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

青稞麸皮营养成分及提取物抗氧化活性研究

为提高青稞麸皮的综合利用和附加值,以白青稞麸皮和黑青稞麸皮为研究对象,检测了青稞麸皮中各营养素含量及提取物抗氧化活性。结果表明,两种麸皮主要成分为淀粉、蛋白质、粗纤维,并且粗蛋白、粗纤维、灰分含量高于青稞全谷物,其中Mg、P、Ca含量较高,氨基酸种类丰富,总多酚分别为6.30,9.05mg/g,黑青稞麸皮中花青素含量为7.0mg/g,总多酚和花青素均高于青稞全谷物。DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力随着麸皮样品浓度的增加而增强。此外,黑青稞麸皮中花青素和总多酚含量均显著高于白青稞麸皮,而其它营养组分较接近。因此,黑青稞麸皮可作为潜在的深加工原料应用于功能性食品或作为营养强化剂添加到食品中以提升其加工附加值。     

Variations in mass and enzyme activity of rumen microorganisms: Effect of barley and buffer supplements

Four ruminally cannulated cows were used to investigate effect of barley with or without buffer on modifications of mass and enzyme activity in rumen microorganisms. Animals were given restricted feed (80% of ad libitum intake) of 7 kg DM day^?1 and with three successive diets. The diet H consisted of 100% Cocksfoot hay. The diet HB was 65% hay with 35% pelleted ground barley with infusion of bicarbonate salt for the diet HBB. The rumen was sampled before (-1 h) and after feeding (+ 5 h) to isolate liquid-and solid-associated microbial population. ¹⁵(NH₄)₂SO₄ was continuously infused into the rumen as a microbial marker. For all diets microorganisms associated with particles constituted a mean of 74% of the total rumen microbial mass. The density of microorganisms adherent to particles was similar (P > 0.05) for the different diets and the two sampling times, but fibrolytic enzymes activities (xylanase, CMCase, glycosidases) in this microbial population were maximal (P < 0.001) 23 h after feed intake. Xylanase (P < 0.05) and CMCase (P < 0.01) activities just before feeding varied according to diet; they were highest with diet H and similar between barley supplemented diets. Higher glycosidase activities were measured with diet H and HBB than with diet HB 5 h after feeding.     

Evaluation of antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of typical malting barley varieties

Fourteen typical malting barley varieties from China were evaluated for their DPPH radical, ABTS radical cation and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities, reducing power, metal chelating activities, and total phenolic contents (TPC). All barley samples exhibited significant antioxidant activities determined by different assays, and contained significant levels of phenolic compounds. Gan4 and Wupi1 barley exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity and reducing power. Gan4 and Humai16 barley showed the highest TPC, whereas the highest superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity were found in Huaimai19 and Ken3 barley, respectively. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the TPC showed strong correlations with DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, and reducing power (P < 0.01), whereas its correlations with superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity were poor (P > 0.05). Moreover, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity and reducing power were well positively correlated with each other (P < 0.01). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to understand the interrelationships among the measured antioxidant activity evaluation indices, and to gain an overview of the similarities and differences among the 14 barley varieties.