The state primary standard for the unit of mean laser power

An upgraded state primary standard is considered for the unit of mean laser radiation power. The technical characteristics and working principle are given. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 7, pp. 3–6, July, 2007.     

Assurance of the Uniformity of Measurements of the Power of Laser Radiation

On the basis of an analysis of the principle underlying the construction of standards and systems designed for reproduction of the unit of mean power and energy of laser radiation, it is shown that these standards consist of unified subsystems that carry the principal metrological load. By means of such a division, it is possible to realize a systems-engineering synthesis of standards with preassigned error. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 20–23, November, 2005.     

The calibration of a system for measuring the transmission of the atmosphere for laser radiation

A method of calibrating a system for measuring the transmission of laser radiation through the atmosphere along paths about 1 km long is proposed and tested on a model “experiment.” Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 52–54, September, 2008.     

振动板辐射噪声的结构主动控制

以平板为例，在时域里建立结构一声辐射模型，采用时域瑞利积分构造辐射算子，给出时域声辐射模态的计算公式；研究表明这些辐射模态能独立的辐射声功率，因此可实现对某一阶辐射模态进行单独控制而不影响其它各阶；并且时域辐射模态的一个重要特点是振动结构辐射的声功率主要由第一阶辐射模态的声功率所决定，在此基础上运用状态空间法进行平板结构辐射噪声的结构主动控制研究，并通过数值计算对控制效果进行了验证。     

Application of Laserstar Power Meter for Determination of the Stability of Laser Radiation Power

The potential for the use of the Laserstar power meter for the determination of the stability of laser radiation power is considered. A relation is established between the discreteness of the reader and the resolution in the determination of the stability of laser power. Examples illustrating the determination of the stability of the radiating power of certain lasers are presented.     

Simulation of the detection of underwater objects from air

Simulation modelling of the detection through a water-air boundary of underwater objects by means of a CCD camera is performed. The situation using active illumination by pulses of laser radiation is considered. Calculation is performed for the special case of the minimum size of an object detected at a prescribed depth of submersion in relation to its reflection factor. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 9. pp. 32–36, September, 2007.     

Evaporation and Condensation of Uranium Dioxide in an Electromagnetic Field

New physical phenomena related to the interaction of laser radiation with high evaporation materials, in particular with uranium dioxide, have been experimentally revealed by a subsecond heating technique. The first phenomenon, interpreted as an absorption flash, was observed in laser heating the sample and was manifested as a sharp drop in temperature on the heating curve. The second phenomenon, interpreted as a threshold condensation of vapor on the sample, was revealed during the cooling stage of the sample initially heated by laser radiation. This was manifested as an exothermal condensation peak on the cooling curve. The study of these phenomena has shown that there was a stable vapor zone above a sample in the field of laser radiation. The size and shape of the small particles produced due to laser evaporation and mainly formed in this vapor zone depended on the power of the laser radiation and the pressure of the inert gas. A change in the parameters of the vapor zone by changing the power of the laser radiation and the pressure of the inert gas gives the potential to produce nanoparticles of targeted sizes. Thus, the study of physical processes and mechanisms of forming nanoparticles of refractory materials at high temperatures motivates further development of the method of laser evaporation for producing nano-dimensional powders of targeted sizes and properties. Paper presented at the Seventh International Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, October 6–8, 2004, Orléans, France.     

Method of Reducing the Error of Transferring the Size of a Unit of Laser Radiation Energy

A method is considered of reducing the error of transferring the size of a unit of laser radiation energy for a secondary standard of the units of average power and energy of laser radiation by using the readings of a relative-level sensor. A procedure is developed for processing the readings of this sensor.     

聚焦超声的辐射力计算与高强度聚焦超声功率测量实验

研究聚焦超声场的辐射力计算。应用几何声学方法,推导了聚焦超声作用于测试靶上的辐射力通用公式,讨论了全反射靶和全吸收靶上的辐射力。最后给出了应用辐射力法测量高强度聚焦超声装置的声功率的实例,其结果与良热法测得的声功率接近,偏差不大于3%。     

一端周向激励的圆柱壳声辐射特性研究

针对一端受周向均布激励的圆柱壳建立了新的理论模型,结合线激励下平板的有效传递导纳理论对圆柱壳表面的振动响应及声辐射功率进行仿真计算和分析,结果表明一端受均布激励作用的圆柱壳表面的声辐射功率在中低频段随频率的增大而增加,在临界频率处出现较大的波动,在环频处达到最大值,之后仍有较小波动并略有下降。实验测量结果证明了理论模型的有效性。     

Measurement of transmission coefficient of laser radiation of the atmosphere on a lengthy route

The measurement of the transmission coefficient of laser radiation in the atmosphere is considered. The measurement is performed by means of a triple prism situated at the opposite end of the route and that returns a portion of the radation in the opposite direction and a receiver that records a portion of the scattered radiation, integrated over the area of the detecting plate. The influence of atmospheric turbulence on the precision of measurements by means of the proposed method is studied in a phase screen model. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 33–37, August, 2008.     

地基中波红外测量系统的灰度漂移补偿

灰度漂移是地基中波红外测量系统标定和测量的主要误差来源之一。通过研究外场辐射标定时环境温度对中波红外测量系统输出灰度的影响,发现了灰度随环境温度漂移的规律,找到了灰度漂移的原因,推导了环境温度与灰度漂移的关系,提出了基于环境温度的灰度漂移补偿方法。实验结果表明,文中所提方法能有效补偿红外测量系统的灰度漂移量,降低中波红外测量系统受环境温度变化引起的灰度漂移。     

结构声辐射的源强声辐射模态分析方法

为了解决不易获取复杂结构振速声辐射模态和利用其计算复杂结构外辐射声场困难的问题,提出源强声辐射模态分析方法。该方法利用简单源积分公式将结构表面连续的源强分布等效为一组简单源源强分布,利用这组简单源源强分布构造了结构辐射声功率2次型表达式,其2次型系数定义一个辐射阻矩阵,辐射阻矩阵的特征向量就构成了源强声辐射模态,从而实现复杂结构总辐射声功率的解耦。只要获得声辐射模态的展开系数,声场中的声压、质点法向速度等声学量都可由源强声辐射模态叠加得到。球形声源和棱台体声源的分析表明：源强声辐射模态保留了传统的声辐射模态优点,更方便解决复杂结构声辐射问题。     

Solution of statistical problems for a class of exponential distributions of random variables

For a class of exponential-type distributions with the power index ranging from 0.25 to 8, a simple formula for an approximate evaluation of the distribution function is presented. The formula is then used for solving certain statistical problems. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 9–12, August, 1998.     

Highly accurate wide aperture calorimetric measurement transducers for energy values characterizing medium and high levels of laser radiation

Problems of developing and improving the accuracy for thermal measurements of laser radiation energy parameters are considered. The effect on measurements of different non-informative parameters and factors is analyzed. Construction principles and technical solutions are proposed for working and standard calorimetric transducers aimed at effective suppression of the negative effect of these factors. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4. pp. 22–26, April, 2007.     

Increasing the precision and reliability of thermal energy transducers and the mean power of the broad beams of laser radiation

Questions related to increasing the precision with which the energy and mean power of laser radiation is measured and the development of a technique of precision calorimetric transducers functioning in this area are considered. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 33–37, March, 2006.     

High-precision wide-aperture calorimetric measuring transducers of the energy of intensive laser radiation

Questions related to increasing the precision of measurements of the energy of laser radiation and the development of high-precision, wide-aperture calorimetric transducers that function in this area are considered. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 17–21, September, 2006.     

Non-Selective Standard Indicator for the Average Power of Laser Radiation

A technical solution for the average power laser radiation standard applied to the ultraviolet range is suggested and characteristics of the standard are provided.__________Translated from Izmeritelnaya Tekhnika, No. 2, pp. 32–35, February, 2005.     

Precision high-aperture calorimetric sensors for high-energy laser beams

Aspects are discussed of raising the accuracy of a wide-aperture calorimetric converter for high levels of pulsed and quasicontinuous laser radiation. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 28–33, January, 2007.     

Comparison of two methods of location of a target in devices with multi-element radiation detectors

Expressions for the statistical characteristics of devices with multi-element radiation detectors that make use of methods of target location through a determination of the centroids of the target and through scanning of the target are derived. A comparison of the precision of these methods is presented. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 31–33, December, 2005.