内墙涂料VOC释放标识体系的比较与探讨

介绍了涂料产品VOC含量与VOC释放量的不同点,突出了VOC释放测试的重要性.综述了内墙涂料VOC释放测试的相关标准以及影响VOC释放量的关键因素,并详细阐述了不同VOC释放标识体系的指标要求,最后探讨了当前标识体系存在的问题及未来的发展方向.     

实木家具VOC释放组分水平分析

实木家具是室内空气污染的重要来源。到目前为止,我国实木家具有害物质检测还一直停留在单一甲醛项目的检测控制上,因此迫切的需要对实木家具中除甲醛外的污染物散发种类及含量进行研究评价,进而推动我国家具产品VOC限量标准尽早出台。     

高效脱除聚丙烯熔喷专用料中VOC的工艺技术

随着新冠肺炎疫情在全球爆发,医疗物资匮乏,特别是生产防护口罩所需的聚丙烯熔喷专用料供不应求,但受产品生产工艺的限制,专用料存在VOC含量高、气味触感明显的问题。介绍了一种采用以双锥回转汽蒸反应器作为关键设备的脱VOC技术,运行结果表明:经过115℃处理2h后的聚丙烯熔喷专用料VOC含量降低至50ppm,总挥发分小于0.15%,黄色指数小于2,气味等级3.5～4.0,产品质量接近甚至优于进口原料,该工艺流程简单、技术可靠且可操作性强。     

水性涂料中VOC的危害与控制

分析了水性涂料中VOC的危害程度,提供了水性涂料降低VOC的方法,并初步探讨了这些方法有可能带来的缺陷和解决手段。     

室内装修中人造板的甲醛释放规律研究

本文对室内装饰用的人造板的甲醚释放规律进行研究。试验结果表明,人造板甲醛释放量随温度升高而增加;随含水率增加而增大：随人造板放置时间增长,而逐渐降低。人造板封边与否,则明显影响甲醛释放量。本论文的研究可以为室内甲醛污染的治理提供依据。     

乳胶漆中VOC含量与室内健康

分析了乳胶漆中VOC的毒性问题,如何认识乳胶漆中VOC含量与室内健康的关系     

煤中氮在热解过程中释放规律的数学模拟

以化学渗透模型(CPD)为基础构建煤的结构，以实验数据为基础，通过对煤中氮在热解阶段反应历程的描述，以及对NOx的主要前驱体HCN和NH3生成的动力学表达，建立了煤热解阶段氮释放的模型，将模型的计算结果与五种煤在管式固定床反应器中热解阶段形成HCN和NHx的测定结果进行比较，研究发现：模型能够相对准确的预测HCN形成(误差在20％以内)，但由于没有考虑惰质组的影响，对部分煤NHx的模拟误差较大(甚至超过50％)，模型也表达出在快速热解条件下随温度升高，HCN和NHx的生成量增加；随煤阶增加，HCN生成量减少；随惰质组含量增加，NHx的生成量增加的释放规律。     

丙烯酸酯乳液中VOC含量测定方法优化

通过顶空进样器(HS)和气相色谱(GC)联用,以氢火焰离子检测器为基础测定乳液中挥发性有机物(VOC)种类和含量。本实验主要通过优化分析条件包括:顶空温度、平衡时间、内标物种类和更换色谱柱类型方面进行研究,对比不同条件下GC的塔板数,同时测定该分析条件下各组分的检出限。实验结果证明延长平衡时间和更换色谱柱类型能有效地改善丙烯酸酯体系类的乳液中VOC含量的测定,绝大多数VOC组分的定量检出限低于5 mg/kg。     

涂料中VOC测试方法简述

从挥发性有机化合物（VOC,Volatile Organic Compound）的定义和VOC对环境和人体造成的危害出发,介绍了几种国际标准测定方法及原理,着重介绍了气相色谱在测定VOC中的应用、定性定量分析方法和影响测定结果的因素,阐明了对涂料中VOC测试方法研究的意义。     

Evaluation of VOC emission and sorption characteristics of low-VOC adhesive-bonded building materials

To reduce the risk of indoor air pollution caused by synthetic building materials, low-volitile organic compounds (VOC) building materials, including adhesives, are commonly used in building construction. Although adhesives do not directly contact indoor air, they affect VOC mass transfer at the surface of finishing materials by diffusion. This study investigates VOC emission and sorption behaviors of building materials with low-VOC adhesives. Small chamber emission and sorption experiments were designed in parallel to field measurements to examine the onsite VOC emission and sorption rates of adhesive-bonded building materials. It was found that the onsite emission rates from a wallpaper composite (polyvinyl chloride wallpaper?+?paper adhesive?+?gypsum board) were higher than the emission rates detected in the small-scale chamber, which demonstrates the possible sorption effect of the wallpaper composite. The results of the sorption chamber experiment confirm that the wallpaper is a sorptive building material and that the bonding of wallpaper to gypsum board increases the sorption and re-emission rates. These results indicate that even though low-VOC adhesive-bonded materials are used, additional indoor air quality control techniques should be applied to minimize re-emission by sorption processes over long periods of time.     

建材VOC散发过程模拟与传质参数测定新方法

建材中挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的散发是一个复杂传质过程。为准确把握传质特性,首先建立了一套描述干建材散发行为的显性完全解析模型,适用于模拟对人体最不利的无换气情况;代入有关文献中的传质参数预测了环境舱浓度,与文献中对应的实验数据及数值算法预测值吻合良好。然后基于对模型的分析提出一套简便快捷的实验方法,能够利用不同VOC背景值下干建材在密闭舱中散发的平衡浓度或逐时浓度,求取预测散发过程的4个重要的传质参数:可散发浓度C₀、扩散系数D、分配系数K和对流传质系数h_m;实验部分测算了两类密度板中甲醛散发的C₀、D、K、h_m,代入数值算法预测了密闭舱和直流舱的环境舱浓度,与实验数据吻合良好。该套模型和测定方法能够应用于建材散发的模拟研究。     

A multi-phase model for VOC emission from single-layer dry building materials

A multi-phase model for the emission of VOC from dry building materials is developed. Dry building materials are viewed as porous media. A general adsorption isotherm is used to construct the concentration equation in the porous media. The boundary conditions at the material-air interface are presented for both CFD model and one compartment model. With the use of Henry’s law for the adsorption isotherm, an analytical solution is obtained and further is validated with the comparison of the experiment performed by Yang et al. [1], yielding a relatively good agreement. The effects of the model parameters on the emission are investigated in detail. Increasing the effective diffusion coefficient and the partition coefficient tends to promote the emission and increase the peak value of the concentration in the air. The effect of the porosity depends on the degree of the dependence of the effective diffusion coefficient on the porosity. When a weak dependence exists, the increase of the porosity tends to suppress the emission and decrease the peak value of the concentration in the air. However, when a strong dependence exists, the increase of the porosity tends to promote the emission and increase the peak value of the concentration in the air.     

Development of a test method using a VOC analyzer to measure VOC emission from adhesives for building materials

A volatile organic compound (VOC) analyzer is a portable device to measure the four main aromatic hydrocarbon gases: toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene. With the VOC analyzer, a semiconductor gas sensor eliminates the need for the carrier gas which is required for conventional gas chromatography. In addition, since the semiconductor gas sensor is supersensitive to gas components, it is not necessary to use a conventional gas concentrator or other complicated equipment. Compared with other measurement methods, the VOC analyzer is useful for measuring toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene in new buildings because of its ease in obtaining field results and repeating the test. For easy, fast and economic testing of total (TVOC) emission from adhesives used for building materials, we developed a test method using the VOC analyzer and compared its measurement of VOC emissions from building materials such as adhesives, paints and wood-based panels with that of the 20-l chamber method, which is the standardized test method in Korea. There was a good correlation between the TVOC emission concentrations determined by the VOC analyzer and the TVOC emission factor (EF) by the 20-l chamber. Based on this good correlation, the VOC analyzer is expected to gain widespread use in the manufacturing field application where a quick and easy test for VOC emission from adhesives for building materials is required. Furthermore, the VOC analyzer offers the potential to become an easier, faster and more economical technique than the currently used standard methods.     

Semi-conductor metal oxide gas sensors for online monitoring of oak wood VOC emissions during drying

This study presents a semi-conductor metal oxide gas sensor system for the online flue gas monitoring during oak wood drying. Oak wood flakes and solid oak wood were heated on laboratory scale. The emissions were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and monitored by a semi-conductor metal oxide gas sensor setup. The calibrated sensor system was able to detect different drying and degradation stages of the oak wood flakes by online monitoring acetic acid and furans/methoxyphenols at 25–240?°C. The system also allowed a monitoring of acetic acid emission from solid wood at 75?°C. This sensor application has the potential to online monitor the flue gas of oak lumber drying and optimize the drying process.     

建筑结构胶的耐湿热老化性能研究

耐湿热老化是建筑结构胶的重要性能指标,正在受到越来越多的关注。研究了不同种类的固化剂对改性环氧树脂类建筑结构胶的耐湿热老化性能的影响,同时也对增韧剂、无机填料及助剂等因素进行了探讨。采用自制的固化剂所配制的建筑结构胶耐湿热老化性能优良,完全满足国家标准的要求。     

直流舱测定材料VOC散发关键参数的浓度轨迹法

室内及车内环境中材料散发的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)是造成空气品质低劣的重要因素之一, 显著影响着人们的舒适度和身体健康。材料VOC散发特性由3个关键参数表征:初始可散发浓度C₀、扩散系数D_m和分配系数K。测定上述散发关键参数是研究材料VOC散发规律进而预测人体暴露和健康风险的基础。基于目前应用最广泛的直流舱中材料VOC的散发过程, 提出了同时测定C₀和D_m的浓度轨迹法。该方法通过预设K值, 然后对环境舱浓度的对数进行线性拟合, 根据斜率和截距获得关键参数C₀和D_m。敏感性分析表明, 不同的K值对测定的C₀和D_m值影响很小。通过对文献中的直流舱散发实验数据进行处理, 结果表明该测定方法具有较高的精度。     

建筑密封材料标准化进展

介绍了国内外建筑密封材料标准发展历史、现状及其新进展,分析了国外标准的特点,评述了国内标准采标与水平、差距与建议。     

胶鞋整鞋VOC释放量的快速无损检测方法研究

胶鞋整鞋在规定的实验条件下释放出VOC,用Tenax TA吸附管采集一定体积的含VOC成分的混合气体,混合气体中的VOC成分被捕集于吸附管中,收集到的VOC成分通过热脱附仪解吸后进入气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行定性并定量测定,外标法定量。标准曲线线性良好,各目标挥发性有机物的检出限为0.3 μg/双,方法稳定可靠。