基于分数低阶协方差谱的频谱感知算法研究及其FPGA实现

在对非高斯噪声情况下主用户频谱感知问题的理论研究之上,采用α稳定分布模型描述认知通信系统的非高斯噪声,给出了一种基于分数低阶协方差的感知方法,并采用分数低阶协方差谱对α稳定分布噪声下的主用户信号进行了谱估计,较好地解决了在非高斯噪声情况下传统的功率谱估计性能失效的问题。在此基础上针对FPGA的特性,进一步优化了算法,在FPGA上设计并实现了基于该算法的感知系统。系统利用FPGA产生中心频率为25 MHz、带宽为12.5 MHz的QPSK信号和特征指数为1的α稳定分布噪声作为主用户信号,设计相应的数字信号处理模块,并在此系统中验证了基于分数低阶协方差的感知方法能够有效地从α稳定分布噪声中检测出主信号的存在。该系统运行稳定,可移植性强,适用于不同的主用户频谱检测方案在此系统上进行实现与验证。     

非线性系统中稳定有色噪声建模及FLOC谱特性

用多项式自回归模型对非线性系统中稳定有色噪声建模,利用扩展的迭代重加权最小[p]范数算法进行模型参数估计。系统研究了分数低阶协方差谱的性质,并对无限方差非高斯多项式自回归有色噪声进行频域特性分析。理论分析和仿真实验表明,EIRLP算法是在高斯和分数低阶稳定分布噪声条件下具有良好韧性的参数估计方法。仿真通过对稳定有色噪声条件下的正弦信号进行谱估计,结果表明,分数低阶协方差谱具有良好韧性的谱估计性能。     

分数低阶α稳定分布的功率谱估计新方法

传统的α稳定分布噪声下信号功率谱估计方法有两种,分别为共变谱估计与协方差谱估计。这两种谱估计方法都是以自相关这个二阶矩作为频域分析对象,而自相关是个损失了信号中相位的信息,不能用于时频域分析。针对这一问题,提出了一种新的分数低阶功率谱估计方法,计算机仿真结果表明,与现有方法相比,该新方法不仅在进行分数低阶功率谱估计时具有更优良的性能,而且可进一步应用于时频域分析,具有更广泛的应用价值。     

基于α稳定分布的空间瞬态光频谱估计

分析待探测的瞬态光信号,对其进行频谱估计,推导出空间瞬态光信号是一种随机信号。通过分析基于FLOM估计的共变谱估计,得出当 <1时,这种方法并不适应。为此,提出一种分数低阶协方差谱的估计方法,对这2种 稳定分布噪声中正弦信号的估计与分辨进行仿真实验,结果表明该方法可以获得较好的谱估计性能,对 稳定分布噪声具有广泛适用性,且瞬态光信号为 稳定分布噪声。     

脉冲噪声环境下基于相关熵的AR模型α谱估计方法

在高脉冲水平条件下,基于分数低阶统计量的α谱估计方法对脉冲噪声变得敏感,并且分数阶参数值的选取影响估计精度,其性能会出现不同程度的下降。根据信号的相关熵函数对非高斯噪声不敏感的特点,提出了一种基于相关熵的模型α谱估计方法。仿真结果显示,在相同混合信噪比条件下,所提方法具有无需预设分数阶参数值和顽健性强的特点,特别在高脉冲水平噪声下相比其他方法频率分辨能力更具优势。     

基于稳定分布噪声的分数低阶自适应时频分布

信号中的α稳定分布噪声会使自适应时频分布方法失效.针对该问题,利用分数低阶统计量理论,提出一种改进的分数低阶自适应时频分布.为了实现带噪信号的实时在线处理及长时间信号的时频分布分析,给出一种分数低阶短时自适应时频分布.仿真结果表明,2种方法都能在含有α稳定分布噪声和高斯噪声的环境下进行有效的时频分布分析.     

分数低阶alpha稳定分布的STFT时频分析方法

对于α稳定分布噪声的非平稳信号,仅用频域的一维分析方法是不够的,需要考虑进行二维的时—频域分析方法。在基于传统的短时傅里叶变换(STFT)基础上,针对分数低阶α稳定分布的特性,提出了分数低阶STFT新方法。计算机仿真结果表明,该分数低阶STFT方法能克服传统的STFT方法在对α稳定分布进行时频分析时的性能退化问题,为α稳定分布在时频域的研究开拓了全新的途径。     

基于BLPN算法的AR SαS过程共变谱估计方法

研究了一种新的AR SaS过程的谱估计算法.该算法将整个数据作为一个整体,利用分数低阶P阶矩从前向、后向两个方向对数据进行处理,获得了一种高分辨率的参数估计算法--双向最小P范数法(Bidirectional Least p Norm,BLPN).利用得到的参数,结合共变谱的定义,构建了AR SaS过程下的共变谱估计表达式,并分别对AR SaS过程参数估计,α稳定分布噪声中的正弦信号的谱估计进行仿真.仿真结果表明,基BLPN的ARSαS模型的共变谱估计方法对于不同的口值均具有良好的韧性,特别是在α值较小或者短时数据时,本文方法的性能明显优于基于FLOM的AR SαS模型共变谱估计方法.     

Spatial Time-frequency DOA Estimation Under a Stable Distribution Noise

当信号中存在α稳定分布噪声时,传统空间时频多重信号分类(STF-MUSIC)算法的空间波达方向(DOA)估计性能会降低甚至失效.为此,利用分数低阶矩(FLOM)代替二阶协方差矩阵,定义分数低阶矩空间时频分布矩阵(FLOM-STFDM).对FLOM-STFDM进行特征分解,得到适用于稳定分布噪声环境的空间时频TF-FLOM-MUSIC算法,分析该算法的信噪比及误差估计,并给出算法实现步骤.仿真结果表明,TF-FLOM-MUSIC算法可有效降低DOA估计的均方误差,提高估计的分辨率和平滑性.     

最小p范数准则α谱估计及载波频率检测

针对共变系数矩阵和分数低阶协方差矩阵估计ARSαS信号α谱精度不高的情况,提出了一种最小p范数准则的α谱估计方法。该方法对传统的奇异值分解（SVD）方法估计ARSαS信号模型最小阶数进行改进,得到一种分数低阶的奇异值分解方法（FLO-SVD）,然后利用最小p范数准则和IRLS算法求出信号模型参数,用于作α谱估计。应用于脉冲噪声环境下的QPSK信号的仿真表明,改进后的方法对α谱有更好的估计,对载波频率有更准确的检测性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。