Nd_2(Fe_(1-x)M_x)_(14)B(M=C,Si)合金的磁性

本文研究了Nd_2(Fe_(1-x)M_x)_(14)B的磁性。少量类金属原子C和Si取代部分Fe,能形成四方结构,且具有单轴各向异性。碳取代Fe,使化合物的Curie温度降低,低温下粘结体样品的内禀矫顽力减少;而Si对Fe的取代可使Curie温度升高,并在x=0.15附近达到极大值。含Si样品在0≤x≤0.10范围内,矫顽力显著增加,室温下从x=0的62.7kA/m增加到x=0.06的138.7 kA/m,并且在x=0.06附近,剩磁有一个极值,饱和磁化强度减少不多。     

Nd_x(Fe_(0.933)B_(0.067))100-x纳米合金的磁性

台湾清华大学研究了Ndx(Fe0.933B0.067)100-x合金的磁性．将合金成分Fe／B比率固定在14，变化Nd含量、试验合金Ndx(Fe0.933B0.067)100-x（x=3，4，5，6，8和11）用单辊快淬法制备，辊速40fn／s，M气保护．热处理采用加热速度大于600℃／min的快速退火工艺．实验结果表明，热处理后Ndx(Fe0.933B0.067)100-x内禀矫顽力从X=3的27.2hA／m升到X=11的725．6bA/m，剩磁风从x=3的1．44gT降到x=11的1．04Th，科磁比在0．71～0．78及最大磁能积(BH)max为150.4kJ/m3．平均形核场从：x=3时80kA／m，x—4.5时200hA／m,x—6时320hA／m，x—8时40…     

Co1_(-x)Pt_x薄膜的结构与磁学性能

采用直流磁控溅射法制备了Co1_(-x)Pt_x合金薄膜,并详细研究了其结构和磁学性能随x变化的规律。通过XRD结构分析可知:溅射态的薄膜当x≤28%时,为hcp结构;x=35%和40%时,为hcp和fcc的混合结构;x≥46%以后,为fcc结构。VSM测试结果表明:随x的增大,溅射态薄膜的矫顽力先增大后减小,当x=23%时,矫顽力达到最大值2147×79.6A/m,在x=46%处矫顽力急剧下降至100×79.6A/m左右,x>46%以后,矫顽力随x的增大不再明显变化。退火后,hcp结构的薄膜矫顽力基本不变,而接近等原子比的fcc结构的CoPt薄膜,由于部分转变为fct结构,矫顽力有很大提高;fcc结构的CoPt3薄膜矫顽力有所增大,但是增大不多。     

Nd含量对磁控溅射Si(111)/Cr/Nd-Co/Cr薄膜结构与磁性的影响

采用磁控溅射技术制备了系列Si(111)/Cr(10 nm)/NdCox(400 nm)/Cr(10 nm)薄膜,其中,Co/Nd原子比x=2.5～7.2。利用XRD、SEM、AFM/MFM、VSM等手段研究了Nd含量对制备态薄膜垂直磁各向异性(PMA)与磁畴结构及退火态薄膜相结构与磁性的影响规律。结果表明,随着Nd含量的变化,制备态Nd-Co薄膜的垂直磁各向异性能Ku在x=5.2附近存在一个较宽的峰,峰值处Ku=(80±5) kJ/m~3。MFM图像的相移均方根偏差(Δφrms)在临界成分x=5.2处也存在最大值,其成分依赖关系与Ku-x的变化趋势一致。薄膜应力诱导的磁弹各向异性是导致溅射Nd-Co非晶薄膜PMA的主要原因。经过在600℃真空快速退火后,所有薄膜均析出了Nd2Co17、NdCo2、Nd4Co3等金属间化合物,而NdCo5±x相纳米晶只在Nd过量(至少4%,原子分数)的x=2.5和3.8薄膜中才被观测到,同时还伴随着Nd_2Co_7共生相的析出。室温磁性测试结果表明,NdCo5±x和Nd_2Co_7相纳米晶的析出,导致x=2.5和3.8薄膜面内矫顽力(分别为Hc-in=54和51 kA/m)显著增强;而x≥4.4样品的面内矫顽力保持在低值(Hc-in=4～8 kA/m)范围内。     

Fe含量对高温稀土永磁Sm(CobalFexCu0.1Zr0.03)7.5 (x=0.09～0.21)磁性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了高温稀土永磁Sm(CobalFexCu0.1Zr0.03)7.5 (x=0.09～0.21),研究了Fe含量对磁体磁性能的影响.结果表明:随着Fe含量的增加,剩磁Br和最大磁能积(BH)max逐渐增加,在x=0.21时获得最大值,分别为0.96 T和176.7 kJ/m3;内禀矫顽力Hci先增加后降低,在x=0.15时获得峰值2276.6 kA/m.最佳工艺制备(x=0.15)的磁体温度稳定性良好,B-H退磁曲线在温度为500 ℃时保持为直线;内禀矫顽力温度系数β为-0.16%/℃,最高使用温度(OT)max达到533 ℃.     

添加Sm对快淬Nd_2Fe_(14)B薄带磁性能的影响

研究了快淬Nd_(12-x)Sm_xFe_(84)B_6(x=0~12)薄带的磁性能。结果表明:快淬速度为30 m/s,矫顽力和磁化强度都随Sm含量的增加而减少。剩磁比随Sm含量的增加呈现先降后升再降的趋势。由于Sm_2Fe_(14)B的磁晶各向异性低于Nd_2Fe_(14)B,随Sm替代量的增加,Nd_(12-x)Sm_xFe_(84)B_6合金的磁晶各向异性逐渐降低,导致矫顽力逐渐减少。     

Cu对纳米晶复合合金Nd_(9.5)Fe_(76-x)Cu_xCo_5Zr_3B_(6.5)(x=0～2)磁性能的影响

采用快淬后真空晶化处理的方法制备出纳米晶复合合金Nd9.5Fe76-xCo5Zr3CuxB6.5(x=0～2),系统地研究了Cu元素对其磁性能的影响。结果表明:适量Cu元素的添加,可以提高磁体的剩磁Br、内禀矫顽力jHc和最大磁能积(BH)max,并且可以有效地提高磁体的剩磁温度系数α,但使磁体的矫顽力温度系数β略有降低。当Cu含量为0.25 at%时,该磁体具有最佳的综合磁性能:(BH)max=79 kJ/m3,jHc=685 kA/m,Br(T)=0.713 T;剩磁温度系数α20～150℃=0.071%/℃;矫顽力温度系数β20～150℃=0.36%/℃。     

纳米晶Fe0.13(CoxNi1-x)0.87微细纤维的制备及磁各向异性

以柠檬酸和金属盐为原料,采用有机凝胶-热还原法制备了纳米晶Fe0.13(CoxNi1-x)0.87(x=0.20,0.30,0.50,0.80)微细纤维.采用FTIR,XRD和SEM等对纤维前驱体和热还原产物的结构、物相和形貌进行了分析;采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对纤维的磁性进行了测试.结果表明:纤维直径分布在0.3-2 μm之间,表面光滑,长径比大,组成纤维的晶粒尺寸约为34 nm-Fe0.13(CoxNi1-x)0.87微细纤维表现出明显的磁各向异性,该性能主要受磁晶各向异性,形状各向异性和静磁相互作用等因素影响.纤维的易磁化方向为其轴向方向,难磁化方向为径向方向,所制备的Fe0.13(Co0.50Ni0.50)0.87纤维的剩磁比Mr/Ms(剩余与饱和磁化强度比)最大,达到0.48.     

PtxCo1-x(x=0.48~0.51)合金的磁性能和晶体结构

系统研究了等原子比附近不同Pt、Co原子比的PtCo合金的磁性能和晶体结构.采用电弧炉熔炼方式制备了原子比为.Pt_xCo_(1-x)(x=0.48～0.51)的合金,热处理后磁测量结果显示,随着Pt含量的增加,合金的剩磁逐渐减小,矫顽力逐渐增大.合金的X射线衍射结果表明:时效热处理后,随着Pt含量的增加,合金面心四方结构的有序相的c/a值逐渐减小,c/a值的减小增大了四方晶格结构的a与c方向的不对称性,使有序相的磁晶各向异性场增大,提高了合金的矫顽力.     

(Nd_(0.7)Pr_(0.3))_(60-x)Fe_(30)Al_(10)Cu_x(x=0,1,2,4)大块非晶合金磁性及矫顽力机理

采用铜模吸铸法制备了(Nd0.7Pr0.3)60-x Fe30Al10Cux(x=0,1,2,4)大块非晶合金,利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了该合金的磁性能和磁粘滞行为。结果表明,这几种合金都呈现出较好的硬磁性。随着Cu元素的添加,矫顽力略有增加,但是合金的剩磁却没有变化。利用扫描速率法研究了(Nd0.7Pr0.3)60-x Fe30Al10Cux(x=0,1,2,4)大块非晶合金的磁粘滞行为,得到了这几种合金的相关磁性参数:热扰动场Hf为12.1~15.2 m T,热激活体积va为1.5×10-18~1.9×10-18 cm3。在所研究的合金中都存在明显的铁磁交换耦合作用,同时矫顽力与温度之间的关系符合Gaunt提出的畴壁钉扎模型,合金的硬磁性可能是这两方面共同作用的结果。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。