热处理对Mg-12Gd-2Y-0.5Sm-0.5Sb-0.5Zr显微组织的影响

采用OM、SEM、EDS、TEM和SAED等技术研究了Mg-12Gd-2Y-0.5Sm-0.5Sb-0.5Zr合金在铸态、时效态及固溶态的显微组织变化。结果表明,与铸态合金显微组织相比,时效态合金析出相更加细小弥散;铸态合金析出相有α-Mg、Mg5Gd相和Mg24Y5相,固溶态有α-Mg、Mg3Gd相和Mg24Y5相,时效态有α-Mg,Mg41Sm5,β'相。β'相形态为多个纺锤形相联结而成,相互夹角呈120°,具有周期结构。     

热处理过程中Mg-8Gd-3Y-1Nd-0.5Zr合金的组织演变及性能

采用透射电镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射及力学性能等测试手段,研究热处理工艺对水冷铸造的Mg-8Gd-3Y-1Nd-0.5Zr(质量分数)合金显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。合金铸态显微组织由α-Mg、Mg(Gd,Y)相、富Zr小颗粒相和β-Mg_(24)Y_5网状共晶组成。在520℃固溶24 h后,合金中共晶相固溶进基体,固溶演变过程为α-Mg+β-Mg_(24)Y_5相+Mg(Gd,Y)→过饱和α-Mg固溶体+Mg(Gd,Y)相。225℃时效,合金的析出序列为Mg(S.S.S.S)→β″(DO19)→β′(CBCO)→β_1(FCC)→β(FCC),时效24 h达到峰时效态,合金的室温抗拉强度达到231MPa,伸长率为3.4%。时效处理能提高合金耐腐蚀性能,225℃时效72 h时合金析出稳定β(FCC)相,平均析氢速率最小,为0.22 mL/(cm~2·h),合金的耐腐蚀性能最强。     

热处理对Mg-12Gd-3Y-Sm-0.5Zr合金组织和性能的影响

通过OM,SEM,TEM,XRD和力学拉伸实验,研究了固溶和时效热处理对Mg-12Gd-3Y-Sm-0.5Zr(质量分数,%)合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-12Gd-3Y-Sm-0.5Zr合金铸态组织由α-Mg基体和含Mg5Gd相和Mg41Sm5相的粗大枝晶组成,经过固溶和时效处理后,时效析出了Mg24Y5相,Mg5Gd相演变为Mg3Gd相,固溶时效态合金纳米尺寸的长条状相的脱溶析出可有效强化合金。合金在不同状态下的室温抗拉强度为:铸态219.4 MPa、固溶态224.0 MPa和时效态299.8 MPa。     

Zn添加对铸造Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

研究Zn添加对Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr(wt.%)合金在铸态、固溶态和峰时效态下显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,不含Zn的铸态合金由α-Mg和Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_5相组成,而含0.5wt.%Zn的铸态合金由α-Mg、(Mg,Zn)_3(Gd,Y)和Mg_(24)(Gd,Y,Zn)_5相组成。随着Zn含量增加到1 wt.%,Mg_(24)(Gd,Y,Zn)_5相消失,一些针状堆垛层错沿晶界分布。此外,在含2wt.%Zn的铸态合金中观察到18R型长周期结构相。固溶处理后,Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_5和Mg_(24)(Gd,Y,Zn)_5共晶相完全溶解,(Mg,Zn)_3(Gd,Y)相、针状堆垛层错和18R型长周期结构相均转化为14H型长周期结构相。适当体积分数的14H型长周期结构相和细小的椭球状β′相共同赋予峰时效态下含0.5 wt.%Zn合金优良的综合力学性能,该合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为338 MPa、201 MPa和6.8%。     

Mg-11Gd-3Y合金组织与力学性能分析

采用XRD、SEM和拉伸力学性能测试方法,分析了铸态和固溶时效态Mg-11Gd-3Y合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,热处理没有改变Mg-11Gd-3Y合金相的组成,合金铸态和固溶时效态组织均由α-Mg基体、Mg_5Gd和Mg_(24)Y_5相组成。固溶时效态合金的强化机制主要为固溶强化和时效强化,其最大抗拉强度为230 MPa,比铸态合金提高了12%。     

砂型铸造Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.5Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、显微维氏硬度测试与拉伸测试研究了砂型铸造Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.5Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:铸态GW94合金主要由等轴晶琢-Mg固溶体、晶界处的共晶相Mg24(Gd,Y)_5以及少量的方块相Mg_5(Gd,Y)组成,优化后的固溶处理工艺为525℃伊6 h。固溶后的组织主要由琢-Mg过饱和固溶体、铸态残留相Mg_5(Gd,Y)以及固溶过程形成的方块相组成。GW94合金具有极高的时效硬化响应能力,250℃时效18 h后即达到峰值硬度(HV122)。室温拉伸时,峰值时效态合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为300MPa和247 MPa,而伸长率仅为0.9%。250℃以内拉伸时,抗拉强度均高于300 MPa,表现出极佳的耐热性能,而且出现了抗拉强度随温度升高而升高的反常力学行为,这可能是由于茁忆相与位错相互作用所致。峰值时效态合金断裂机制由室温的穿晶断裂为主转变为高温的沿晶断裂。     

Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr合金的显微组织与力学性能

对Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr(NZ30K)合金铸态、固溶态(T4)和时效态(T6)的显微组织、室温力学性能和断裂行为进行了研究。研究结果表明,NZ30K合金铸态时由α-Mg与分布在晶界的Mg12Nd相组成;固溶处理态时由过饱和α-Mg固溶体和晶粒内部细小的含Zr化合物组成;时效处理态时细小片状析出相从棱柱面析出,同时晶粒内部细小的含Zr化合物仍然存在。不同的时效处理工艺下时效析出相种类不同,200℃峰值时效态时为β″亚稳相,250℃×10h时效态时为β′亚稳相。合金经过200℃峰值时效处理后具有最佳的室温力学性能,屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为142MPa、305MPa、11%。合金的断裂方式与其状态有关,铸态合金以沿晶断裂为主,固溶处理态和200℃峰值时效态合金以穿晶解理断裂为主,250℃×10h时效态合金为穿晶和沿晶混合型断裂。     

Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的组织和性能北大核心CSCD

采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪以及拉伸试验机,研究了不同热处理对Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:不论是铸态、固溶态,还是时效态,合金组织都主要由α-Mg基体以及稀土化合物Mg5(Gd,Y,Zn)、Mg24(Y,Gd,Zn)5和Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)组成;但铸态下合金中第二相主要为Mg5(Gd,Y,Zn),在晶内呈平行的流线状排列,晶粒粗大。通过固溶时效处理,Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)相在晶界处析出并向晶内生长,成为合金的主要强化相,其强化方式主要为固溶强化和时效强化。室温下,铸态合金抗拉强度为138 MPa,伸长率为2.16%,时效态合金抗拉强度为223 MPa,伸长率为3.94%,合金力学性能得到明显提升。     

热处理对Mg-7.28Li-8.02Y合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

用真空熔炼、真空热处理方法研究了超轻Mg-7.28Li-8.02Y合金的显微组织和力学性能,以及热处理工艺对该合金显微组织和力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,铸态Mg-7.28Li-8.02Y合金主要由β(Li)相基体和α(Mg)相以及沿晶分布呈网状结构的γ(Mg24Y5)相组成.对铸态Mg-7.28Li-8.02Y做固溶热处理后发现,随着淬火温度由300 ℃升高至500 ℃,Mg及γ(Mg24Y5)相在β相中的固溶程度增加,合金淬火硬度增加,γ(Mg24Y5)相呈圆球状均匀分布,其共同作用使合金抗拉强度大幅度提高;但150 ℃时效后,一方面有晶粒长大,另一方面长时间时效使Mg在β相中固溶度降低,α相沿β相晶界析出,导致合金硬度、强度及塑性有所下降.     

时效处理对Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金组织和性能的影响

通过X射线衍射、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、极化曲线、阻抗谱等对铸态、时效态Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr镁合金的显微组织、力学性能及耐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:铸态Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金由α-Mg、树枝状相Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_5及颗粒状相Mg_5(Gd,Y)组成,合金经515℃×8 h固溶+225℃×36 h时效处理后,树枝状Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_5转变为大量薄片状及细长条状的Mg_5(Gd,Y)相。室温力学性能测试结果表明,经时效处理后的合金显微硬度增加27.8%,达到101.97 HV0.1,抗拉强度增加52.5%,达到305 MPa,规定塑性延伸强度增加121.3%,达到239 MPa。极化曲线及阻抗谱表明,时效处理后合金的腐蚀电流密度减小,容抗弧半径增大,电荷传递电阻增大,合金耐腐蚀性能增强。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。