基于自适应脉冲耦合神经网络图像融合新算法

针对传统的基于脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)的融合算法中每个神经元链接强度取同一常数的不足,提出了一种基于自适应PCNN图像融合新算法。作为显著性特征,使用像素的拉普拉斯能量(EOL,energy of Lapla-cian)和标准差(SD,standard deviation)分别作为PCNN对应神经元的链接强度值。实验结果表明,本文方法融合结果优于Laplacian方法、小波方法和传统的PCNN方法。     

人工鱼群算法优化的小波图像融合

针对甲状腺肿瘤的B超、核素图像和颅腔横断面的CT,MRI图像,提出一种使用人工鱼群算法寻优的小波图像融合方法。利用小波变换将源图像进行小波分解,得到源图像的低频部分和高频部分。低频部分的系数使用加权融合算法进行融合,为使融合结果包含足够的信息量,以综合熵作为适应值对低频部分使用人工鱼群算法进行优化,得到融合系数的最优权值。高频部分的系数采用取绝对值最大的融合规则。通过小波逆变换得到融合图像。实验过程中,分别对这两组医学图像进行融合。客观评价参数表明该算法能够得到更优的融合图像。     

粒子群进化学习自适应双通道脉冲耦合神经网络图像融合方法研究

针对双通道脉冲耦合神经网络图像融合方法中参数选取不易确定之挑战,提出了一种基于进化学习的自适应双通道脉冲耦合图像融合方法.通过引入自适应学习能力的进化学习算法和构建新的优化目标对双通道脉冲耦合神经网络模型参数来进行优化,提出的新算法能够有效地找到双通道脉冲耦合神经网络模型的近似最优参数,克服了经典双通道脉冲耦合神经网络图像融合方法需要人工交互穷举尝试不同参数来获取较优参数之缺点.实验研究亦表明了上述优点.     

一种自适应PCNN多聚焦图像融合新方法

该文通过分析脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)参数模型,结合多聚焦图像的基本特点和人眼视觉特性,提出了一种自适应PCNN多聚焦图像融合的新方法。该方法使用图像逐像素的清晰度作为PCNN对应神经元的链接强度,经过PCNN点火获得每幅参与融合图像的点火映射图,再通过判决选择算子,判定并选择各参与融合图像中的清晰部分生成融合图像。该方法中,其它参数如阈值调整常量等对于融合结果影响很小,解决了PCNN方法的参数调整困难的问题。实验结果表明,该方法的融合效果优于小波变换方法和Laplace塔型方法。     

Curvelet域自适应脉冲耦合神经网络的图像融合方法

为解决传统图像融合准则不能充分利用图像全局特征的问题,将脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)模型用于Curvelet变换的图像融合中,提出了由表征子带图像局部特征的支撑值(SPV)作为刺激PCNN模型的外部激励输入,同时考虑Curvelet变换后低频子带信息与高频子带信息间的相关性,设定PCNN模型参数(连接强度和连接范围)随低频子带图像的特征自适应地变化,并且利用PCNN模型中各神经元的首次点火时间构造融合准则中的显著性度量。用PCNN模型模拟人眼视觉神经系统的生物特性,并利用其全局耦合特性对源图像进行智能地分析判断和融合处理,从而提高融合图像的整体效果。实验结果表明,由于PCNN具有全局耦合特性和脉冲同步特性,因此当它用来参与选取细节系数时,能够更好地利用子带图像的全局信息。     

基于NSST和自适应PCNN的图像融合算法

针对红外和可见光图像的特点,本文提出了一种基于非下采样剪切波变换(NSST)和自适应的脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)相结合的红外与可见光图像融合的新算法。对经过NSST变换后的低频子带系数采用带高斯权重分布矩阵的局域方差和方差匹配度相结合的融合规则,对高频子带系数采用一种改进的空间频率作为PCNN输入,且采用改进的拉普拉斯能量和作为PCNN的链接强度,利用PCNN全局耦合性和脉冲同步性选择高频子带系数,最后经NSST逆变换后得到融合结果。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法与传统的图像融合算法相比不仅在主观视觉上取得较好的效果,而且在客观标准上也有了一定的提高。     

基于FDST和双通道PCNN的红外与可见光图像融合

为提高融合图像的细节表现力和信息冗余度,针对红外与可见光图像,提出一种基于有限离散剪切波变换（FDST）和双通道脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）的图像融合方法。首先,利用FDST分解红外与可见光图像得到各自的高低频子带系数;再对高低频子带系数分别采用不同链接强度的改进的空间频率激励的双通道PCNN进行融合;最后,通过FDST反变换得到融合图像。实验结果表明该算法能够有效增强图像清晰度和整体视觉效果,融合效果跟其他融合方法相比,在互信息、边缘信息传递量、标准差多个客观评价指标上具有明显提高。     

基于多聚类中心和PCNN的医学图像融合算法

提出一种基于K-means Clustering和脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)的图像融合的方法,首先,以多特征信息为聚类方式利用K-means Clustering分割提取源图像的对应特征点,通过归类合并建立多模医学图像的特征点集合,根据特征点分布将图像划分为纹理区域和非纹理区域,纹理区域对应系数输入PCNN得到点火映射图,根据点火次数选择融合系数,非纹理区域的系数通过双通道PCNN进行融合。实验结果表明,该算法能够精确划分图像纹理区域,进而利用PCNN和双通道PCNN在图像不同区域系数选择各自的优势,融合图像纹理清晰,质量改善。     

NSCT域内结合边缘特征和自适应PCNN的红外与可见光图像融合

针对传统的基于多尺度变换的红外与可见光图像融合,对比度不高,边缘等细节信息保留不充分等问题,结合NSCT变换的多分辨率、多方向特性和PCNN全局耦合、脉冲同步激发等优点,提出一种基于NSCT变换结合边缘特征和自适应PCNN红外与可见光图像融合算法.对于低频子带,采用一种基于边缘的融合方法;对于高频方向子带,采用方向信息自适应调节PCNN的链接强度,使用改进的空间频率特征作为PCNN的外部激励,根据脉冲点火幅度融合子带系数.实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于NSCT和PCNN的可见光与红外图像融合算法

提出了一种基于Contourlet变换的非下采样变换(Nonsubsampled ContourletTransform,NSCT)和脉冲耦合神经网络(Pulse Coupled Neural Network,PCNN)的可见光与红外图像融合算法。该算法首先对源图像进行NSCT分解,得到低频子带系数和各带通方向子带系数。然后对低频子带系数提出一种基于可见光与红外图像自身特性的加权平均融合方法,再对各带通子带系数提出基于PCNN的融合方法。最后经过NSCT逆变换得到融合图像。实验证明,该方法优于小波方法和传统的NSCT方法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.