湿法球磨改性蒙脱土及其稳定液体石蜡/水Pickering乳液的制备

以钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)为原料,采用湿法球磨法制备双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)插层的改性蒙脱土(DDA-MMT),并在超声作用下乳化液体石蜡制得O/W型Pickering乳液。通过XRD、TEM、FT-IR、接触角测量仪和Zeta电位及激光粒度仪对DDA-MMT进行了表征。考察了DDA-MMT颗粒质量浓度、水相p H和离子强度对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,在球磨机械力作用下DDAB成功插入Na-MMT的片层间,使Na-MMT的平均粒径、Zeta电位和三相接触角分别由910.7 nm,-26.8 m V和121.7°变为603.8 nm,38.3 m V和86.9°。与Na-MMT颗粒相比,DDA-MMT颗粒更容易在油/水界面间聚集而具有更好的乳化稳定性。随着DDA-MMT颗粒质量浓度的增大,Pickering乳液液滴粒径减小,乳液体积分数增大,稳定性增强。当水相p H=6.26~8.36,c(Na Cl)=20 mmol/L时,由DDA-MMT颗粒乳化制备的Pickering乳液稳定性较佳。     

利用麦麸纤维素稳定低脂Pickering乳液

以农副产物麦麸为原材料,经过碱煮、漂白等工艺提取麦麸纤维素,从而制备稳定的低脂Pickering乳液。考察麦麸纤维的质量分数、p H及Zeta电位等因素对乳液的静置稳定性和乳液滴粒径分布的影响。结果表明,随麦麸纤维质量分数的增大,乳液的稳定性逐渐增强;Zeta电位绝对值随着p H的增加而增大,p H为3时乳液的稳定性最好;纤维质量分数为1.00%的乳液样品,乳液滴D_((3,2))为3.5μm;从乳液滴的粒径分布分析,乳液的失稳主要发生在储存前期(3 d),随着时间延长乳液逐渐趋于稳定。     

阴离子多聚糖修饰Pickering乳液的制备及表征

为了提高淀粉纳米晶(SNC)与季铵盐壳聚糖(QCS)共同稳定的Pickering乳液在p H变化时的稳定性,以阴离子多聚糖海藻酸钠和果胶为原料,通过静电作用对乳液进行表面修饰,制得两种Pickering乳液。通过测定乳液粒径、Zeta电位和体外消化情况,对乳液的稳定性和消化特性进行了表征。结果显示:当水相中海藻酸钠和果胶质量分数均为0.1%(以水相为基准)时,修饰后的两种Pickering乳液在p H=2~7内均能保持粒径不变,且该乳液在25℃下放置90 d,粒径无变化,无乳析现象发生。此外,在体外模拟消化条件下,阴离子多聚糖的加入还能抑制Pickering乳液中油脂和淀粉的消化。     

羟乙基纤维素/纳米纤维素稳定的Pickering乳液及其流变特性研究（英文）

以纤维素粉（α-Cellulose）为原料，通过酸水解法制备得到纳米纤维素（CNC），并对其结构和微观形貌进行了表征。选用大豆油为油相，羟乙基纤维素（HEC）/CNC复合物为乳化剂，制备得到稳定的Pickering乳液。研究CNC质量分数、油水体积比和HEC质量分数对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响，并通过流变学的手段对其进行分析。结果表明，随着HEC质量分数的增加，Pickering乳液稳定性增强。在油水体积比为8∶2,CNC质量分数为0.2%和HEC质量分数为0.4%时，乳液稳定性最强，其乳滴粒径约为20μm，稳定时长可达100天以上。与单独使用CNC稳定的Pickering乳液相比，HEC/CNC复合物稳定的Pickering乳液具有更强的稳定性和更小的液滴直径。HEC/CNC复合物稳定的Pickering乳液呈现“剪切变稀”的流变特性，即溶液中HEC质量分数增加时，乳液剪切黏度随着剪切速率的增大而降低，剪切应力则相应地增强。     

Ugi反应海藻酸衍生物协同疏水改性高岭土稳定Pickering乳液的制备

通过Ugi反应疏水改性海藻酸钠(Alg),制备了两亲性的海藻酸衍生物(Ugi-Alg)。以聚甲基氢硅氧烷(PMHS)作为疏水改性剂,利用干法球磨对高岭土(KL)微粒表面疏水改性。并利用FTIR、1HNMR、接触角测量仪、激光粒度和Zeta电位分析仪对改性产物进行表征。用改性后的高岭土(MKL)协同Ugi-Alg制备稳定的Pickering乳液,并探究了水相p H对Pickering乳液形貌和液滴大小的影响。结果表明:Alg通过Ugi反应成功地疏水改性;PMHS在球磨的机械作用下吸附在KL微粒表面,使MKL成为具有高疏水性能的活性微粒;Ugi-Alg在超声作用下协同吸附在MKL微粒表面,改变了MKL微粒表面的润湿性,可提高Pickering乳液的稳定性;随着水相p H的升高,MKL/Ugi-Alg稳定的Pickering乳液液滴粒径逐渐减小,当p H=10.32时,其液滴粒径达到7.4μm。     

壳聚糖/三聚磷酸钠凝胶粒子稳定Pickering乳液的研究

通过阳离子壳聚糖(CS)和聚阴离子三聚磷酸钠(STPP)发生离子交联反应制备得到粒径为50 nm左右的CS/STPP凝胶纳米粒子。用CS/STPP纳米粒子乳化液体石蜡制得Pickering乳液,并研究了不同因素对乳液的影响。结果表明:增加颗粒质量分数,乳液稳定性变好,液滴粒径变小;通过调节分散相p H和Na Cl浓度可成功制备出均一稳定的乳液;乳液的流变性分析表明,随着颗粒质量分数的增加,乳液黏度更高并表现出更强的弹性行为。     

火山矿泥Pickering乳液的制备及其pH稳定性

以五大连池火山矿泥颗粒为乳化剂,以橄榄油为油相,去离子水为水相,通过L9(34)正交试验优化制备工艺,制备火山矿泥Pickering乳液,对制备后乳液的粒度、微观形貌、Zeta电位进行分析,并对其pH稳定性进行研究.结果表明,按质量分数橄榄油20％,矿泥乳化颗粒3％,去离子水77％的配方,在40℃,80 MPa下进行高...     

非离子表面活性剂形成微乳体系的规律性研究

研究了非离子型表面活性剂形成微乳液体系的相行为,同时采用单因素变量法考察了乳化温度、组分含量、多元醇链长、添加剂以及p H对微乳液液滴粒径及Zeta电位值的影响。结果表明:较优乳化温度为80℃,在此乳化温度下微乳液液滴粒径较小、体系各组分的较优质量分数为1%甜杏仁油、10%聚氧乙烯(21)硬脂醇醚、10%1,2-丙二醇、0.4%Na Cl以及78.6%去离子水。此外,添加1,2-丙二醇作助乳化剂,当p H相对较低时生成的微乳液液滴粒径较小,体系较稳定。     

基于纳米氢氧化铝颗粒的Pickering乳液制备

以异丙醇铝为原料,采用醇盐水解?水热法制备勃姆石型纳米氢氧化铝颗粒,优化制备条件;以所制颗粒为稳定剂、角鲨烯为油相,通过超声破碎法制备Pickering乳液,考察了颗粒浓度、水相成分、超声时间及功率对Pickering乳液粒径及稳定性的影响。结果表明,水热温度200℃、水热时间2 h条件下,可制得结晶度高且均一的勃姆石型纳米氢氧化铝颗粒,平均粒径为55.70?9.20 nm,多分散性指数(PDI)为0.187?0.011;所制Pickering乳液平均粒径为1870?55 nm,PDI=0.120?0.010,可在室温下稳定储存120 d以上,且生物相容性良好,有望应用于生物医药领域。     

再生木浆纤维素的制备及其稳定辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯乳液的性能研究

以高纯木浆板为原料制得再生木浆纤维素(W-RC),并用TEM、FT-IR和XRD对其进行表征,说明W-RC属于典型的纳米基纤维素Ⅱ型颗粒。以辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯(GTCC)为油相,W-RC为乳化剂,制得O/W型Pickering乳液,并通过光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、FE-SEM及流变仪对乳液进行表征。荧光显微镜与FE-SEM的结果显示W-RC吸附在油/水界面并在微球表面及微球间形成三维网状结构。流变学表明W-RC及由其稳定的乳液具有典型的剪切变稀特性。W-RC具有优良的乳化性能,在W-RC质量分数为0.6%、分散相体积分数高达60%时,也能得到稳定的乳液。     

细菌纤维素硫酸酯的制备及吸附Cu~(2+)的研究

以细菌纤维素为原料,合成细菌纤维素硫酸酯,用于吸附去除水中的Cu2+。采用红外光谱仪对细菌纤维素硫酸酯的结构进行了分析,探讨了反应时间、温度、H2SO4浓度等因素对交换容量的影响,在优化条件下交换容量为2.87mmol·g-1,并对其吸附Cu2+的性能进行了研究。结果表明,细菌纤维素硫酸酯对Cu2+有强的吸附能力,且易于再生。     

细菌纤维素再生前后结构与性质上的差异

对比研究了细菌纤维素和再生细菌纤维素的结构与性质上的差异,揭示了细菌纤维素在氯化锂（LiCl）／二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）溶剂体系下溶解,经水浴凝固再生前后的形貌、大分子结构、晶型及尺寸、物理机械性能、含水保湿性上的变化,为再生细菌纤维素的应用提供理论依据。     

离子液体法制备再生细菌纤维素纤维

以离子液体(氯化1-甲基-3-正丁基咪唑)溶解高聚合度细菌纤维素(BC),采用湿法纺丝制备再生细菌纤维素(RBC)初生纤维;通过红外光谱分析(FTIR)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)分析、热失重(TG)分析、扫描电镜( SEM)、单丝强度拉伸等表征了RBC初生纤维的结构和性能.结果表明:该溶剂体系通过10 h的快速搅拌溶...     

Solubility of bacterial cellulose and its structural properties

Based on experiments conducted, it has been found that bacterial cellulose, like spruce cellulose, is soluble in an aqueous NaOH solution with the concentration of 8.5% at a temperature of −5°C if the polymerization degree of the cellulose does not exceed 400. When 1% of urea is added to the NaOH solution, the solubility of cellulose increases; and, in this solvent, bacterial cellulose may be dissolved so long as its polymerization degree is below 560. The results of these experiments are of great practical importance since they point to the possibility of the preparation of cellulose spinning solutions suitable for fiber formation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1871–1876, 1998     

硝化细菌纤维素的制备及表征

以细菌纤维素为原料,用硝硫混酸法合成出硝化细菌纤维素(NBC)。结果表明,采用硝硫混酸法合成硝化细菌纤维素未造成细菌纤维素的网状结构明显断裂降解,且合成出的硝化细菌纤维素安定性能达到A级硝化纤维素标准。用差示扫描量热法对产物进行了表征,并计算出硝化细菌纤维素的热分解活化能为212.53kJ/mol,表明硝化细菌纤维素热的稳定性优于硝化棉。     

A Review on Nanocellulose and Its Application in Supercapacitors

Commercially available supercapacitors offer very limited advantages over other energy storage devices. Balancing their electrochemical performance such as capacitance, energy density, and cyclability is challenging. Studies have shown that this challenge can be overcome by using light and cheap substrates that are highly stable with solvents, and have high loading capacities and compatibility with nanomaterials. Nanocellulose, derived from wastes or biomass, is a good candidate for integrating with other nanosize conductive materials, such as carbon, conducting polymers, and metal oxides, as active materials or nanocomposites for supercapacitors. This review focuses on the properties and preparation of nanocellulose sourced from wastes (biomass) and bacteria, and extends to emerging materials, such as metal–organic frameworks and MXene, for nanocellulose-based supercapacitors. Even though supercapacitors are mainly composed of electrodes, electrolytes, and separators, this paper focuses on the overall electrochemical performance of nanocellulose-based supercapacitors to evaluate the influence of nanocellulose. In addition, the potentials and possible limitations of nanocellulose in supercapacitors are discussed. Overall, the incorporation of waste-derived nanocellulose into energy storage applications is an initiative that improves the circular economy and supports environmental sustainability.     

细菌纤维素纳米纤维的细胞相容性评价

细菌纤维素是一种天然的纳米纤维材料,在组织工程材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。在前期研究的基础上,以细菌纤维素(BC)及细菌纤维素/聚丙烯酰胺双网络水凝胶(BC/PAM)复合材料为研究对象,大鼠成纤维细胞L929及血管内皮细胞为细胞模型,采用扫描电子显微镜观察细胞在材料上的黏附形态,并通过MTT法对细胞的增殖行为进行评价,以此考察BC及BC/PAM复合材料的细胞相容性,初步评价上述纳米纤维作为组织工程材料的应用可能性。结果表明,内皮细胞在纯BC材料上表现出良好的黏附形态和增殖行为,而成纤维细胞在纯BC及BC/PAM复合材料上的增殖趋势均低于空白对照组。     

细菌纤维素结构与性质的初步研究

对A. xylinum X-2的发酵产物进行纤维素酶水解液的纸层析实验,发现样品的Rf值与标准葡萄糖液的Rf值相近,水解液主成分为葡萄糖。通过对细菌纤维素的的X-射线衍射图谱和固体CP/MAS 13C-NMR谱分析,表明细菌纤维素结晶度高,Iα/Iβ比例大。对细菌纤维素干膜进行渗透性实验,发现干膜透气性小,透湿性大,结构致密,含有大量极性基团。     

Nanocellulose water treatment membranes and filters: a review

This review covers the use of nanocelluloses in water treatment applications with particular focus on membranes and filters made either entirely from (nano)cellulose or in composite approaches. Nanocelluloses are among the emerging materials of this century, having found an abundance of potential applications in the fields of composites, medicine, functional additives or water treatment. Water treatment applications in particular have received significant academic and commercial attention, with a large variety of approaches developed in order to address arguably one of the largest problems that humanity is confronted with in the 21st century: clean water. In this regard, treatment of both potable water and wastewater is of high importance. The reason for the viability of nanocelluloses as base material relies upon their high specific surface area and abundance of OH groups that already exhibit certain attraction toward pollutants carrying ionic structures or dyes and also can be easily modified to significantly increase the affinity of nanocelluloses toward these pollutants. Nanocelluloses in their various forms (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, bacterial cellulose) have been applied in water treatment, with membranes and filters (size exclusion, e.g. for nanoparticle filtration, or affinity membranes) as well as adsorbents (e.g. heavy metal ions, dyes, nitrates) being the most studied. © 2020 The Author. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

细菌纤维素研究进展

细菌纤维素是一种新型生物合成原料,它有许多优于植物纤维的特点。目前已经发现有九个菌属可以产生细菌纤维素,其中以醋酸杆菌属的木醋杆菌产纤维素能力最强。本文就目前关于细菌纤维素的研究做一综述。