Colloidal Structures of Petroleum Residues Long-Lived in Metastable States

Experimental studies showed that colloidal subsystems of resins and asphaltenes in metastable state are most probably the basic carriers of the “thermal memory” effect of petroleum fluids. The structural transformations of the colloidal system of asphaltenes revealed probably are universal in character and are characteristic of petroleum residues of different geographic origin. It was found that not only thermodynamic but also kinetic control should be conducted in processes of transformation of the disperse phase of petroleum residues.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 42 – 44, May – June, 2005.     

石油地质学中几个有争议的问题

油气有机成因说认为，岩石中的分散有机质是生成油气的原始物质，但大量的实际资料证实，岩石中的分散有机质并未参与油气生成过程，在自然界中也并不存在实验室中从岩样粉末中抽提出有机质所要求的条件。在地球深处有取之不尽的游离氢和挥发性碳化物，它们在幔源的高温高压条件下发生反应，形成烃类流体所有的烃类聚集，包括油田、气田，沥青矿和可燃性页岩都是在晚第三纪由深部流体非生物生成的。提出了煤与石油一样，都是由深部热液而形成的观点。在由地幔热液流生成油气和油气聚集的过程中，断至地幔的深大断裂(输导断裂)起着至关重要的作用。     

Composition and Properties of Some Petroleum Waxes

Abstract

Structural composition of paraffin waxes and soft wax fraction derived from microcrystalline wax were determined. Waxes were fractionated by multistage solvent crystallization at different temperatures. The n-alkane components of the waxes were separated by urea adduction. The average structural parameters of parent waxes, their fractions, and urea adductables were estimated by ¹h and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The thermal parameters viz. phase transition temperature and the associated energy during phase transitions were determined by using DSC and correlated with the penetration temperature behavior of waxes. The carbon number distribution determined by GC for these waxes and their n-alkane components were also correlated with physical properties and thermal parameters.     

Composition and Properties of Some Petroleum Waxes

Structural composition of paraffin waxes and soft wax fraction derived from microcrystalline wax were determined. Waxes were fractionated by multistage solvent crystallization at different temperatures. The n-alkane components of the waxes were separated by urea adduction. The average structural parameters of parent waxes, their fractions, and urea adductables were estimated by ¹h and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The thermal parameters viz. phase transition temperature and the associated energy during phase transitions were determined by using DSC and correlated with the penetration temperature behavior of waxes. The carbon number distribution determined by GC for these waxes and their n-alkane components were also correlated with physical properties and thermal parameters.     

澳大利亚布劳斯盆地构造地质特征及勘探潜力

布劳斯盆地是澳大利亚西北陆架主要含油气盆地之一,盆地演化经历了裂前坳陷、裂谷、过渡-漂移和裂后被动大陆边缘4个发育阶段,主要充填了中生界沉积地层。二叠系-下白垩统发育4套烃源岩,油气主要储集在侏罗系和下白垩统地层。区域上,石油分布在Caswell次盆外带,纵向上主要分布在下白垩统;Caswell次盆内带则富集了大部分的天然气和凝析油。截至2005年,盆地内已发现石油(包括凝析油)可采储量3.45×108bbl,天然气7241×108m3。油气地质综合分析表明,该盆地具有良好的勘探前景,勘探程度较低的Caswell次盆西部枢纽带、中部隆起带和东部断阶带勘探潜力最大。     

振兴石油系统机械行业的设想

作者分析了石油系统机械行业的现状,设想了振兴目标,认为石油系统机械行业是石油工业发展的战略产业,应适当超前发展。据此提出了进一步完善技术进步政策、加强宏观调控,实现布局优化和动员行业力量,发挥整体优势等振兴石油系统机械行业的建议。     

国际石油工程项目管理中的一些策略

国际工程富有挑战性和风险性．管理不当容易出现灾难性后果。文章总结了国际石油工程施工企业在以往国际工程项目中的成功经验,从人才、信息、经营方针、资金与装备、管理体制、薪酬、准备工作、争端应对、后勤保障等方面介绍了国际石油工程项目管理的一些策略,对国际石油工程项目管理具有重要的参考意义。     

加强石油工程项目管理的几点思考

石油工程相对于其它的建筑工程来讲,过程更加复杂,而且投入巨大,对项目管理的要求也更高。石油工程的成本、进度、质量和安全之间的联系非常紧密,任何一个环节出现疏忽,都会影响整个工程管理的成效。因此,项目管理必须贯穿于整个工程项目的全过程,必须有效地进行综合控制,才能为项目带来良好效益。     

Characterization of Some Local Petroleum Residues by Spectroscopic Techniques

Abstract

Two vacuum residues were delivered from two different petroleum refineries, one from Suez Petroleum Company and the second from Alexandria Petroleum Company. Two heavy residues were subjected to solvent extraction using n-pentane, n-heptane, and ethyl acetate. The studied residues were fractionated into their components. Infrared spectroscopy was applied to study the distribution of functional groups contained in samples and their components. Some ratios calculated from the peak heights of selected infrared bands allow for a better comparison. The UV-Vis spectroscopic technique was applied to the aromatic fraction to determine how much mono-, di-, and polyaromatics are present in the aromatic fraction. The monoaromatics represent the lowest constituent among the aromatics present, whereas the polyaromatics and diaromatics are predominantly present and form the major constituent.     

石油机械企业技术进步问题刍议

本文以企业获取最佳经济效益为出发点,通过分析“六五”期间石油机械企业的现状及1986年的技术经济指标,阐述了石油机械企业技术进步动力来自企业经济活动需求和市场竞争两个方面的论点,从理论和实践结合的角度探讨了石油机械企业技术进步的基本途径,并就新产品开发的目标、预测和论审进行了讨论。     

关于中国石油信息化建设的一些思考

中国石油已经制定了信息技术总体规划,但实施的过程中忽视了各个功能模块之间的先后顺序与隐含条件,造成个别项目建设遇到困难或者投入与产出失衡。因此,参照《IT 总体规划》的建议重新研究项目的实施方法及优先次序是有必要的。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬县-宜君地区中生界油气地质特征及勘探前景

彬县－宜君地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地南部伊陕斜坡与渭北隆起的过渡部位。延长组深湖－浅湖亚相暗色泥岩、页岩（油页岩）厚度大,有机质类型好,有机质丰度和成熟度高,生油条件好;长２＋３油层组及长６油层组上部的河口坝、远砂坝、浊积砂及侏罗系的古河道砂是主要的储层类型;纵向上多套生储盖组合及多种圈闭类型为油气富集提供了有利条件;因此,本区中生界油气勘探前景十分广阔。认为：东南部为油气运聚的主要指向,且为有利储集相带及局部构造发育区,是下一步油气勘探的重点部位,岩性－构造复合圈闭是主要的勘探类型。     

Some Features of Operation of Sectioned Adsorbers

It is theoretically substantiated and experimentally demonstrated that sectioning of a stationary bed of adsorbent with walls parallel to flow of the treated feedstock increases the efficiency of the adsorbent. Mathematical modeling of sectioned adsorbers with a mobile bed of adsorbent demonstrated the possibility of increasing the quality of the sampled narrow fractions and decreasing the power consumption for regeneration of the adsorbent.     

石油工程承包企业集约化采购的几点思考

项目采购是石油工程总承包项目的一个重要环节,它对于项目工期和成本的控制有着至关重要的作用和影响。文章分析了传统的多层次分散采购管理模式的弊端,论述了集约化采购的优势,提出了集约化采购运作时应注意的问题。     

几种驱油聚合物在多孔介质中传输能力实验研究

在渗透率相同(0.132～0.137μm2)、表面亲水、长30 cm的石英砂胶结人造均质岩心上,在注清水之后分别注入用矿化度20g/L、含钙镁离子各0.1 g/L的模拟地层水配制的浓度1.0 g/L的6种聚合物溶液,由注入端和中间点压力得到岩心前段、后段压差.认为前后段压差越接近则聚合物在岩心中的传输能力越好.结果表明6种聚合物按传输能力大小排列顺序如下:大庆抗盐聚合物＞恒聚抗盐聚合物KYPAM-2＞法国SNF 3630S＞日本三菱Mo4000＞上海海博功能聚合物中科618-2＞四川光亚疏水缔合聚合物AP-P4.200 mg/L的3种聚合物清水溶液电镜照片显示,这些聚合物在溶液中均形成三维网络,大庆抗盐聚合物形成的网络较均匀,中科618-2特别是AP-P4形成的网络中有大量缔合微区.由此得出结论:在本实验条件下聚合物的传输性能决定于聚合物三维网络的结构.3630S与Mo4000显示重大差异的原因还不完全清楚.     

南华北中,新生代盆地构造特征及其石油地质意义

研究南华北中，新生代盆地构造特征，方法：对盆对基底特征及造盆阶段进行划分。结果：探讨了盆地形成机制及盆地演化。结论：南华北盆地晚三叠世及早、中侏罗世因秦岭大别造山带的挤压形成两期压陷盆地，晚侏罗世－早白垩世，晚白垩世（？）－早第三纪形成两斯产张断陷盆地。     

Characterization and Classification of Some Egyptian Petroleum Crude Waxes Using Different Techniques

Abstract

In order to characterize and identify some crude waxes, derived from various Egyptian petroleum distillates and residues, suitable for production of different types of petroleum waxes, many standard test procedures have been used for measurement the physical characteristics of crude waxes and wax products. Moreover, some analytical techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), urea adducting analysis, and solid-liquid chromatography have been used to characterize the crude waxes. Finally, one stage fractional crystallization has been done to separate the hard waxes from El-Ameria and Suez heavy slack waxes and Alexandria and Suez crude petrolatums using ethyl acetate solvent at an ambient temperature of 20^○C and at fixed dilution and washing solvent ratios of 7:1 and 6:1 by weight, respectively. The resulting wax products are evaluated according to TAPPI-ASTM equation and petroleum wax specifications.