Deep UV 1:1 projection lithography utilizing negative resist MRS

A negative deep UV resist Micro Resist for Shorter wavelengths (MRS) is successfully applied to 1:1 projection printing. The MRS is characterized by strong absorption of deep UV light and absence of swelling in the developer. It resolves steep profile images of 1-µm linewidth in 1-µm-thick films. The resist has extremely high sensitivity to deep UV light. Scanning exposure time necessary for a 4-in wafer is about 25 s. The MRS exhibits dry etching resistance superior to that of an AZ-type positive resist. Furthermore, MRS is not adversely affected by reflected light from stepped aluminum surfaces. Application of MRS should open the way to realization of a practical deep UV 1:1 projection lithography featuring high resolution and throughput.     

Weighted cooperative routing for wireless mobile Ad-hoc network

A novel weighted cooperative routing algorithm (WCRA) is proposed in this article, which was on the basis of a weighted metric with maximal remaining energy (MRE) of the relays and the maximal received SNR (MRS) of the nodes. Moreover, a cooperative routing protocol was implemented on the basis of WCRA. Then simulation is done on network simulation (NS-2) platform to compare the performances of MRS, MRE and WCRA with that of noncooperative destination-sequenced destination-sequenced distance-vector (DSDV) protocol. The simulative results show that WCRA obtains a performance tradeoff between MRE and MRS in terms of delivery ratio and network lifetime, which can effectively improve the network lifetime at an acceptable loss of delivery ratio.     

ZVS Boost多谐振电路仿真分析

文章首先介绍了多谐振电路的两种基本结构,对比分析了它们的优缺点,并将zvs应用于Boost电路中,详细地分析了BoostZVS多谐振电路的工作原理,并采用Pispice软件对其工作波形进行了仿真验证。最后总结了BoostZVS多谐振电路的优缺点,从而证明了多谐振变换器在推广应用中的优点,及存在的问题。     

Client-Side Caching Strategies and On-Demand Broadcast Algorithms for Real-Time Information Dispatch Systems

In this work, we propose a broadcast algorithm called Most Request Served (MRS) and its variants with caching strategies for on-time delivery of data in Real-Time Information Dispatch System. This family of algorithms consider request deadline, data object size and data popularity in making scheduling decisions. Although previous scheduling algorithms also base on some or all of these attributes to choose the most beneficial data to be broadcast, they did not consider the loss brought by their scheduling decisions. However, MRS considers both gain and loss in making a scheduling decision. We have performed a series of simulation experiments to compare the performance of various algorithms. Simulation results show that our proposed broadcast algorithm not only succeeds in providing good on-time delivery of data but at the same time provides 20% of improvement in response time over traditional scheduling algorithms like First-In-First-Out (FIFO) and Earliest-Deadline-First (EDF). Simulation results also show that our proposed caching strategy provides further improvement in terms of percentage of requests finished in time over traditional caching strategy like Least Recently Used (LRU).     

Demand assignment multiple access and dynamic channel allocationstrategies for integrating radio dispatch and telephone services overmobile satellite systems

The authors discuss the performance analyses of a novel demand assignment multiple access (DAMA) scheme addressing the special characteristics of the mobile radio service (MRS), and a new method for dynamically allocating a common pool of channels to both MRS and mobile telephone service (MTS) to improve channel utilization. The new DAMA scheme makes use of call queuing, batch processing, and pipelined signaling to minimize call setup overhead for MRS traffic. MRS call setup delays were analyzed by simulation modeling of a mobile satellite system (MSS) with many mobile voice-dispatch networks operating over a multiple spot beam satellite to investigate the effects of traffic volume, batch size, and batch service disciplines. A reserved channel margin algorithm for dynamic channel allocation was shown to be effective in harmonizing the different call setup performance requirements for MTS and MRS. Numerical results show that dynamic channel allocation applied to a common pool of 40 channels enables a 20-25% increase in the number of mobile terminals compared with a fixed allocation of 20 channels to each of the two services     

MRS for multi-document summarization by sentence extraction

A Multi-document Rhetorical Structure (MRS) is proposed for multi-document automatic summarization task. In this structure, interrelationship between text units, including the correlation between units calculated by hierarchical topic tree, the rhetorical relationship and temporal relationship, were represented at different levels of granularity. MRS simplified traditional multi-document representation in cross structure theory and supplement change and distribution information of events topics which cannot be obtained in information fusion theory. Concretely, a series of algorithms including building MRS, multi-document information fusion based MRS and summarization generation are proposed. The capability of concurrently fuse multiple knowledge sources of MRS strategies is testified by sets of experiments and shows good result.     

IEEE 802.11 medium access control enhancements based on simultaneous multiple‐input multiple‐output bandwidth sharing

The demand for higher data rate has spurred the adoption of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) transmission techniques in IEEE 802.11 products. MIMO techniques provide an additional spatial dimension that can significantly increase the channel capacity. A number of multiuser MIMO system have been proposed, where the multiple antenna at the physical layer are employed for multiuser access, allowing multiple users to share the same bandwidth. As these MIMO physical layer technologies further evolve, the usable bandwidth per application increases; hence, the average service time per application decreases. However, in the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function‐based systems, a considerable amount of bandwidth is wasted during the medium access and coordination process. Therefore, as the usable bandwidth is enhanced using MIMO technology, the bandwidth wastage of medium access and coordination becomes a significant performance bottleneck. Hence, there is a fundamental need for bandwidth sharing schemes at the medium access control (MAC) layer where multiple connections can concurrently use the increased bandwidth provided by the physical layer MIMO technologies. In this paper, we propose the MIMO‐aware rate splitting (MRS) MAC protocol and examine its behavior under different scenarios. MRS is a distributed MAC protocol where nodes locally cooperate with one another to share bandwidth via splitting the spatial channels of MIMO systems. Simulation results of MRS protocol are obtained and compared with those of IEEE 802.11n protocol. We show that our proposed MRS scheme can significantly outperform the IEEE 802.11n in medium access delay and throughput. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes as Predictors of Gatekeeping,Selective Exposure,and News Sharing: Testing a General Model of Media‐Related Selection

Media‐related selection (MRS) is an umbrella concept for selection processes such as gatekeeping by journalists, selective exposure by audience members, and news sharing by social network site (SNS) users. Importantly, individual attitudes can influence MRS. Previous research on attitude‐based MRS has relied almost exclusively on overtly expressed evaluations (i.e., explicit attitudes) as predictors of selection outcomes. We tested whether automatic affective evaluations (i.e., implicit attitudes) can predict MRS as well. In three studies (gatekeeping, selective exposure, and news sharing), we found that journalists', audience members', and SNS users' implicit and explicit attitudes predicted selection. Thus, attitudes may exert their influence even “under the radar” of conscious awareness.     

Impact of local-negative-feedback on the MRS avalanchephotodetector operation

Metal-Resistance-Semiconductor (MRS) photodetectors are characterized by a resistive layer placed in series to an avalanching region. In this paper, we report the characterization of such devices, we define a parameter extraction procedure, and we derive a quantitative model of the MRS operation. Due to the presence of the ohmic layer, the detector works as an ensemble of pixels with separately stabilized operating bias. In this way, compared to avalanche photodiodes (APDs), MRS achieve superior gain uniformity with the same sensitive area. However, there are still aspects of the fabrication technology and of the detector structure which have to be improved     

Spring MRS meeting

The annual Materials Research Society (MRS) Spring meeting opened April 17 at its regular venue, The San Fransisco Marriot Hotel. The spring MRS meeting is now attracting over 2300 participants, attending over 25 materials symposia, 2200 plus papers and 11 short courses—quite an organisational feat.     

Optimization of the composition of a new MRS-type negative resist

Sensitizer concentration is optimized for a new negative photoresist, MRL (Micro Resist for Longer wavelengths) with the assistance of computer simulation. The resist, which has photosensitivity in the ordinary UV region, resembles a deep UV resist MRS in terms of light absorption characteristic. It is found that a photosensitizer concentration of 20 wt% (based on the resin) is suitable for a reduction projection exposure system that utilizes UV light at 365 nm. A steep profile resist image of 0.7-µm lines and 0.7-µm spaces in a 1.0-µm thick resist layer is obtained using the MRL of optimized composition and the exposure system.     

New denoising scheme for magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals

A new scheme for denoising magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signals is presented. This scheme is based on projecting noisy MRS signals in different domains, consecutively, and performing noise filtering operations in these domains. The domains are chosen such that the noise portion, which is inseparable from the desired signal in one domain, is separable in the other. A set of stable, linear, time-frequency (SLTF) transforms with different resolutions was selected for these projections as an example. Scheme evaluation was performed using extensive MRS signals with various noise levels. Compared with one domain denoising, it was observed that the proposed scheme gives superior results that compensate for the excess computational requirements. The proposed scheme supersedes also the wavelet packet denoising schemes.     

单站雷达系统的极化匹配系数

在通讯系统中天线的极化匹配系数这一概念的基础上,根据雷达目标应用中的最优极化状态的分析,提出了单站雷达系统中天线的共极化匹配系数,交叉极化匹配系数和自适应极化匹配系数的新概念,并给出了便于计算的表达式。     

一种基于全局最小乘方法的磁共振波谱目标 频率选择的量化方法

磁共振波谱中,感兴趣成分的单独量化不但符合许多实际应用的要求,而且同时也提高了量化的速度和精度.为此本文提出了一种基于频率选择的波谱信号量化方法,该方法通过全局最小乘方法来估计波谱信号的非线性参数,又结合前向和后向的APES方法来估计其线性参数.文中的模拟和活体数据实现表明,本文方法在计算速度和参数估计的稳健性上要明显优于经典的HSVD和HTLS方法,同时其综合性能比Stoica等提出的频率选择方法SELF_-SVD还好.     

A compact planar ultra-wideband bandpass filter with multiple resonant and defected ground structure

A compact bandpass filter with dumbbell shape Defected Ground Structure (DGS) operating on ultra wide pass band (UWB – 3.1 to 10.6 GHz) is proposed. It is based on hybrid microstrip coplanar waveguide (dual sided metal) structure. A Multiple Resonant Structure (MRS) is constructed using coplanar waveguide (CPW) planar transmission line. The MRS makes the resonance using quarter wavelength and half wavelength open-ended CPW. The equispaced three resonances at lower (3.1 GHz), center (6.85 GHz) and higher edge (10.6 GHz) of the whole Ultra Wide Band is achieved using CPW MRS. To make the band as flat as possible, two more resonances are introduced using quarter wavelength microstrip patches on top of the commonly shared substrate, so the proposed filter becomes a five pole bandpass filter. A dumbbell shaped defected ground structure on either side of CPW MRS improves the return loss almost less than 20 dB over the whole UWB passband. The simulated results of proposed filter show good transmission response within passband and good rejection in out of the band. The simulated and measured results are very close to each other which proves the efficacy of proposed design.     

基于IMS的多媒体彩振业务的设计与实现

多媒体彩振业务（MRS）是一种采用多媒体作为振铃音的增值业务。多媒体彩振是一个基于主叫,展示在被叫终端的业务。本文结合IP多媒体子系统（IMS）和多媒体彩振的业务属性,提出了多媒体彩振的实现方案,包括系统的设计和基于会话的SIP信令,并对SIP信令中的关键部分给出示例。     

Resource allocations in relay‐assisted cellular networks

In a relay‐assisted cellular network, the transmission mode (either direct transmission or relaying) and the transmit power of the source and relay nodes affect not only transmission rates of individual links but also the rates of other links sharing the same channel. In this paper, we propose a cross‐layer design that jointly considers the transmission mode/relay node selection (MRS) with power allocation (PA) to optimize the system rate. We first formulate an optimization problem for a cellular system, where the same frequency channel can be reused in different cells. A low complexity heuristic MRS scheme is proposed on the basis of the link and interference conditions of the source and potential relay nodes. Given the transmission mode and relay node (if the relaying mode is chosen) of each link, the transmit power of the source and relay nodes can be solved by geometric programming. This method for MRS and PA can achieve a close‐to‐optimum performance, but implementing the PA requires heavy signalling exchanged among cells. To reduce the signalling overheads, we finally proposed a heuristic and distributed method for MRS and PA inspired by some asymptotic analysis. Numerical results are conducted to demonstrate the rate performance of the proposed methods.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cooperative Decision-Making in Decentralized Multiple-Robot Systems: The Best-of-N Problem

Multiple-robot systems (MRS) that are decentrally organized have many benefits over centralized systems. Decentralized systems are less affected by computational and communicative bottlenecks, and they are more robust to the loss of individual member robots. System-level cognitive operations, though, are much more difficult to implement in decentralized systems. One example is the best-of-N decision-making problem, in which a team attempts to unanimously select a single alternative from a list that maximizes a given metric. This is a valuable operation, since many system-level operations can be expressed in this form. Optimal best-of-N decision-making, however, is intractable in large decentralized systems. The contribution of this paper is a biologically inspired algorithm that enables a decentralized MRS composed of very simple robots to make good, unanimous decisions. In a series of physical experiments using real robots, the best decision was made at least 80% of the time. In all, 100% of the decisions achieved perfect consensus, which prevented the MRS from becoming fragmented. The decisions are made using anonymous, local communication, with no direct comparisons of the available alternatives by the individual robots.     

On the assessment of various implants using 3D TCAD for FinFETs

This work deals with the junction and channel optimization on FinFET devices. The main objective was to show feasibility of a three-dimensional (3D) process simulation within the context of optimization of the device design and the underlying fabrication processes. The 3D simulation process flow is based on the development of the SOI based FinFET devices at Infineon. Similar to real devices, important 3D geometrical features, such as corner roundings and 3D facets have been introduced into the simulation setup, which is based on commercially available 3D process simulation software (Taurus 3D). The influence of various unit process steps, such as channel implant, and LDD implant on the electrical performance of the devices have been evaluated. Beside the successful demonstration of a functional 3D process simulation flow, detailed issues of process and device simulation methodology such as the usage of different dopant diffusion and mobility models are assessed. Finally, a comparison of the simulation results with electrical measurement data is performed which fairly shows excellent agreement.