化学添加剂提高钴化学机械抛光性能的研究进展

钴(Co)具有电阻率低、电子迁移率高、对铜(Cu)等金属的黏附性好以及沉积性能好等优势,在集成电路制程中作为Cu互连阻挡层或新型互连材料具有巨大的应用潜力,而金属互连化学机械抛光(CMP)是决定Co在集成电路应用中可靠性的关键工艺。概述了抛光液中的不同化学添加剂提高Co抛光性能的研究进展,重点介绍了氧化剂、络合剂、腐蚀抑制剂等化学添加剂对Co阻挡层和Co互连CMP的材料去除速率(MRR)、静态腐蚀速率(SER)、去除速率选择比以及电偶腐蚀的影响。讨论了化学添加剂对提高Co抛光性能的作用机理,并分析了加入不同化学添加剂的抛光液的优势与不足。此外,展望了Co阻挡层和互连材料CMP工艺中仍需进一步研究的问题。     

新型阻挡层抛光液对CMP后清洗效果的影响

当集成电路制造工艺缩小到14 nm及以下,阻挡层抛光清洗后表面缺陷严重影响芯片成品率。针对新型碱性阻挡层抛光液,与线上抛光液对比,通过检测抛光清洗后的晶圆表面缺陷,研究了不同阻挡层抛光液对CMP后清洗效果的影响。研究结果表明：当新型碱性阻挡层抛光液中不含盐酸胍时,抛光清洗后的晶圆表面存在大量划伤,盐酸胍的加入可同时提高TEOS和Cu的去除速率,且显著降低表面划伤数量;使用单一成分清洗液对不同阻挡层抛光液CMP后的晶圆清洗,新型阻挡层抛光液抛光清洗后的晶圆表面无任何污染颗粒,利于CMP后清洗,而线上抛光液的晶圆表面存在大量有机残留物和氧化物颗粒,需复配清洗液清洗;相比较线上阻挡层抛光液+复配清洗液工艺,使用新型碱性阻挡层抛光液+单一成分清洗液工艺产生的Cu/Ta界面腐蚀小,抛光清洗后的晶圆表面无明显的宽线条边缘缝隙和细线条表面塌陷的现象。     

用于钴互连CMP抛光液的研究进展

当集成电路技术节点进入10 nm及以下，传统的铜(Cu)互连材料面临着阻容(RC)延迟高、电子散射强等问题，钴(Co)作为制程工艺中的新材料，以其更低的电阻率、更高的硬度和更低的平均电子自由程，成为了替代Cu作为互连材料的优选金属。化学机械抛光(CMP)是去除Co布线层多余材料，实现全局平坦化的唯一技术。而抛光液作为CMP工艺中最重要的耗材之一，其性能的好坏直接决定了晶圆的抛光效果和良品率。回顾了近年来钴互连金属材料的各种新型抛光液的国内外研究进展，讨论了不同化学添加剂对Co材料的去除速率、腐蚀抑制和表面质量的影响。同时总结了钴互连CMP抛光液面临的挑战及发展方向。     

抛光液添加剂协同作用对铜互连阻挡层CMP后碟形坑及蚀坑的影响

为了有效控制铜互连阻挡层化学机械平坦化(CMP)过程中产生的碟形坑和蚀坑等缺陷,研究了在低磨料下柠檬酸钾(CAK)和FA/OⅡ络合剂协同作用对Cu/TEOS去除速率、碟形坑和蚀坑修正的影响.结果表明:加入质量分数为1％CAK后,TEOS去除速率增加了31.6 nm/min,Cu的去除速率无明显变化,说明CAK在不影响C...     

不同表面活性剂对铜互连阻挡层CMP一致性的影响北大核心CSCD

为实现铜互连阻挡层化学机械抛光的高平坦化,研究了阻挡层抛光液中表面活性剂的作用。在抛光液中分别添加非离子型表面活性剂异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC-E)、本课题组研发的Ⅱ型活性剂以及复合表面活性剂,研究其对阻挡层CMP中铜和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)去除速率及一致性的影响。实验结果表明,表面活性剂不仅可以改善Cu和TEOS的去除速率一致性和晶圆全局一致性,还可以降低铜表面的粗糙度,通过复配两种不同的表面活性剂,可以提高Cu和TEOS的去除速率,使Cu和TEOS的剩余厚度片内非均匀性(WIWNU)分别降低至1.39%和1.38%,铜表面粗糙度从5.25 nm降至1.51 nm。基于实验结果,研究并提出了表面活性剂影响抛光液润湿性,从而改善片内非均匀性和铜表面质量的机理。     

用于铜互连CMP工艺的络合剂研究进展

化学机械平坦化(CMP)是实现65 nm及以下技术节点多层铜互连表面全局平坦化的唯一可靠工艺。络合剂为抛光液的主要组分,对材料去除速率、表面完整性起着至关重要的作用。综合分析了不同官能团的络合剂在铜互连CMP工艺中的应用研究现状,探究了不同官能团络合剂的作用机理,分析了络合剂与其他试剂的兼容性,总结了络合剂的发展趋势。     

28nm集成电路铜互连弱碱性阻挡层抛光液性能北大核心

报道了一种用于技术节点为28 nm的集成电路多层铜互连阻挡层化学机械平坦化(CMP)的弱碱性抛光液(pH值为8.5),仅由平均粒径为20 nm的硅溶胶、FA/O多羟多胺螯合剂及非离子表面活性剂组成。实验结果表明,研发的弱碱性阻挡层抛光液对牺牲层SiO2、阻挡层Ta及金属互连线Cu等多种材料具有优异的速率选择性,去除速率一致性大于95%,并在28 nm多层铜布线片阻挡层CMP后具有较高的平坦化性能,分别获得了20 nm以下深度的碟形坑和蚀坑。通过电化学极化曲线测试表明,此弱碱性阻挡层抛光液能有效减少Cu和Ta之间的腐蚀电位差,并避免了铜互连结构Cu和Ta界面处电偶腐蚀的产生,这对提高集成电路芯片可靠性具有重要意义。     

铜互连及其相关工艺

介绍了铜互连、金属间低K绝缘层和CMP工艺。ITRS2001/1999对铜互连、金属间低K绝缘层和CMP工艺提出了具体的要求和进程。ITRS2001比ITRS1999整整提前了一年。铜互连和金属间低K绝缘层可解决布线RC延迟问题,CMP可解决晶圆表面不平整问题。IC特征尺寸、铜互连层厚度、金属间低K绝缘层厚度和Cu/低K鄄CMP所用研磨膏粒子尺寸都已步入纳米级,从而进一步提高了高端IC的密度和速度。     

铜互连CMP中BTA的缓蚀机理及Cu-BTA的去除研究进展

铜具有低电阻率和高抗电迁移性,是目前极大规模集成电路的主流金属互连材料。化学机械抛光(CMP)是实现铜表面局部与全局平坦的关键工艺。为获得铜互连较高的凹凸材料去除速率选择比,通常需在CMP抛光液中加入缓蚀剂苯并三唑(BTA),而CMP后铜表面的BTA残留需要在后续的清洗工艺中进行有效的去除。对铜互连CMP中BTA对铜的腐蚀抑制机理的研究进行了归纳分析,并对BTA与其他试剂协同抑制铜腐蚀的研究进行了讨论,进而论述了碱性清洗液对Cu-BTA络合物去除的研究进展,并概述了新型缓蚀剂的研究现状,最后对缓蚀剂未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

计算机硬盘基片的化学机械清洗技术研究

目前,CMP技术对计算机硬盘基片(盘片)进行抛光,盘片表面粗糙度达到原子级平整,抛光后表面的清洗质量直接关系到CMP最终技术水平的高低.采用静态浸泡实验以及浸泡、擦洗、超声清洗实验,结合一系列的表面微观分析,研究了盘片CMP后清洗过程中的化学作用、机械作用以及清洗剂、清洗方式等物理化学要素对CMP后清洗效果的影响.结果表明,CMP后清洗是一种机械作用、化学作用等综合作用的过程.采用优化的清洗工艺及清洗剂,得到了低腐蚀、高洁净、平整的硬盘基片表面.     

Synergetic effect of chelating agent and nonionic surfactant for benzotriazoleremoval on post Cu-CMP cleaning

The cleaning of copper interconnects after chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process is a critical step in integrated circuits (ICs) fabrication. Benzotriazole (BTA), which is used as corrosion inhibitor in the copper CMP slurry, is the primary source for the formation of organic contaminants. The presence of BTA can degrade the electrical properties and reliability of ICs which needs to be removed by using an effective cleaning solution. In this paper, an alkaline cleaning solution was proposed. The alkaline cleaning solution studied in this work consists of a chelating agent and a nonionic surfactant. The removal of BTA was characterized by contact angle measurements and potentiodynamic polarization studies. The cleaning properties of the proposed cleaning solution on a 300 mm copper patterned wafer were also quantified, total defect counts after cleaning was studied, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) review was used to identify types of BTA to confirm the ability of cleaning solution for BTA removal. All the results reveal that the chelating agent can effectively remove the BTA residual, nonionic surfactant can further improve the performance.     

磷酸和酒石酸在GSI阻挡层CMP抛光液中的应用

在阻挡层的化学机械平坦化(CMP)过程中,Cu与阻挡层去除速率的一致性是保证平坦化的关键问题之一。低k介质材料的引入要求阻挡层在低压力下用弱碱性抛光液进行CMP,这给抛光液对不同材料的选择性提出了新的挑战。研究了低压2 psi,(1 psi=6.89 kPa)CMP条件下,磷酸和酒石酸作为阻挡层抛光液pH调节剂对Cu和Ta的络合作用。实验结果表明,酒石酸对Cu和Ta有一定的络合作用,能够提高它们的去除速率;磷酸能提高Ta的去除速率,而对Cu的去除有抑制作用。最终在加入磷酸浓度为2×10-2mol/L,酒石酸浓度为1×10-2mol/L,H2O2体积分数为0.3%,pH=8.5时,Cu/Ta/SiO2介质的去除速率选择比达到了1∶1∶1,去除速率约为58 nm/min;同时,磷酸和酒石酸的加入能够有效改善Cu的表面状态。     

用于铜的化学机械抛光液的研究

文中介绍了一种以碱性抛光液对铜进行全局平面化的方法 ,讨论了以 Si O2 水溶胶为磨料的抛光液在Cu-CMP过程中的化学 (络合 )作用及反应机理 ,并给出了抛光液的配比及上机实验结果。结果表明 :该抛光液用于对带有阻挡层和介质层的铜抛光 ,达到了对铜层的高去除速率和高选择比 ,取得了较好的全局平面化效果     

ULSI铜互连线CMP抛光液的研制

介绍了一种碱性抛光液,选用有机碱做介质,SiO2水溶胶做磨料,依据强络合的反应机理,克服了SiO2水溶胶做磨料对铜去除速率低及在溶液中凝胶的难点.实验结果表明:该抛光液适用于Cu化学机械抛光过程第一阶段的抛光,并达到了高抛光速率及铜/钽/介质层间的高选择性的效果.     

Influence of slurry components on uniformity in copper chemical mechanical planarization

Many researchers studying copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) have been focused on mechanisms of copper removal using various chemicals. On the basis of these previous works, we studied the effect of slurry components on uniformity. Chemical mechanical planarization of copper was performed using citric acid (C₆H₈O₇), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), colloidal silica, and benzotriazole (BTA, C₆H₄N₃H) as a complexing agent, an oxidizer, an abrasive, and a corrosion inhibitor, respectively. As citric acid was added to copper CMP slurry (pH 4) containing 3 vol% hydrogen peroxide and 3 wt% colloidal silica, the material removal (MRR) at the wafer center was higher than its edge. Hydrogen peroxide could not induce a remarkable change in the profile of MRR. Colloidal silica, used as an abrasive in copper CMP slurry containing 0.01 M of citric acid and 3 vol% of hydrogen peroxide, controlled the profile of MRR by abrading the wafer edge. BTA as a corrosion inhibitor decreased the MRR and seems to control the material removal around the wafer center. All the results of in this study showed that the MRR profile of copper CMP could be controlled by the contents of slurry components.     

ULSI铜互连线CMP抛光液的研制

介绍了一种碱性抛光液,选用有机碱做介质,SiO2水溶胶做磨料,依据强络合的反应机理,克服了SiO2水溶胶做磨料对铜去除速率低及在溶液中凝胶的难点.实验结果表明:该抛光液适用于Cu化学机械抛光过程第一阶段的抛光,并达到了高抛光速率及铜/钽/介质层间的高选择性的效果.     

Effect of 1,2,4-triazole on galvanic corrosion between cobalt and copper in CMP based alkaline slurry

Cobalt has become a new type of barrier material with its unique advantages since the copper-interconnects in the great-large scale integrated circuits (GLSI) into 10 nm and below technical nodes,but cobalt and copper have severe galvanic corrosion during chemical-mechanical flattening.The effect of 1,2,4-triazole on Co/Cu galvanic corrosion in alkaline slurry and the control of rate selectivity of copper and cobalt were investigated in this work.The results of electrochemical experiments and polishing experiments had indicated that a certain concentration of 1,2,4-triazole could form a layer of insoluble and dense passive film on the surface of cobalt and copper,which reduced the corrosion potential difference between cobalt and copper.Meantime,the removal rate of cobalt and copper could be effectively controlled according to demand during the CMP process.When the study optimized slurry was composed of 0.5 wt％ colloidal silica,0.1％vol.hydrogen peroxide,0.05 wt％ FA/O,345 ppm 1,2,4-triazole,cobalt had higher corrosion potential than copper and the galvanic corrosion could be reduced effectively when the corrosion potential difference between them decreased to 1 mV and the galvanic corrosion current density reached 0.02 nA/cm2.Meanwhile,the removal rate of Co was 62.396 nrn/min,the removal rate of Cu was 47.328 nm/min,so that the removal rate ratio of cobalt and copper was 1.32:1,which was a good amendment to the dishing pits.The contact potential corrosion of Co/Cu was very weak,which could be better for meeting the requirements of the barrier CMP.     

铜互连布线及其镶嵌技术在深亚微米IC工艺中的应用

近几年来 ,随着 VLSI器件密度的增加和特征尺寸的减小 ,铜互连布线技术作为减小互连延迟的有效技术 ,受到人们的广泛关注。文中介绍了基本的铜互连布线技术 ,包括单、双镶嵌工艺 ,CMP工艺 ,低介电常数材料和阻挡层材料 ,及铜互连布线的可靠性问题     

Alkaline barrier slurry applied in TSV chemical mechanical planarization

We have proposed a TSV （through-silicon-via） alkaline barrier slurry without any inhibitors for barrier CMP （chemical mechanical planarization） and investigated its CMP performance. The characteristics of removal rate and selectivity of Ti/SiO2/Cu were investigated under the same process conditions. The results obtained from 6.2 mm copper, titanium and silica show that copper has a low removal rate during barrier CMP by using this slurry, and Ti and SiO2 have high removal rate selectivity to Cu. Thus it may be helpful to modify the dishing. The TSV wafer results reveal that the alkaline barrier slurry has an obvious effect on surface topography correction, and can be applied in TSV barrier CME