初始荷载下中空钢管混凝土柱轴向强度

与传统的钢管混凝土柱相比,中空钢管混凝土(CFDST)柱具有很多优点,诸如自重轻和良好的循环性能。CFDST柱可能被用于桥梁,高层建筑,高架桥和输电塔结构中。内外钢管将承担来自上部结构和浇筑的湿混凝土的初始荷载。由这些初始荷载造成的钢管初应力和变形会影响CFDST构件的性能。因此,对外钢管单独承担初始荷载和内外钢管同时承担初始荷载时,CFDST柱的轴力性能进行讨论。建立通用的有限元模型预测钢管负荷时CFDST柱的性能。通过承担初始荷载和不承担初始荷载的CFDST柱的试验结果对该有限元模型进行验证。讨论初始荷载水平、长细比、空心率和材料强度对轴向强度的影响。最后,给出初始荷载下的CFDST柱的极限强度计算公式。     

Improving strength,stiffness and ductility of CFDST columns by external confinement

Concrete-filled double-skin tubular (CFDST) column is one of the most efficient forms of column construction in which the steel tubes provides both axial strength and confining pressure to enhance the strength and ductility of the in-filled concrete. Compared with confined reinforced concrete columns, CFDST columns had stronger and more uniform confining pressure provided to the in-filled concrete by the steel tubes, which reduces the steel congestion problem for better concrete placing quality. However, a major shortcoming of the CFDST columns is the imperfect interface bonding that occurred at the elastic stage that reduces the elastic strength and stiffness of columns. To improve the situation, it is proposed in this study to use external steel rings to restrict the dilation of outer steel tube of CFDST columns. For verification, a series of uni-axial compression test was performed on some CFDST columns with external steel rings. From the results, it was found that the elastic strength, elastic stiffness and ductility were enhanced by installing the steel rings as external confinement. Lastly, a theoretical model for predicting the axial strength of confined CFDST columns has been developed.     

加劲薄壁钢管混凝土柱的试验性能

对加劲薄壁钢管混凝土柱的结构性能进行试验研究。通过在钢管内表面焊接纵向加劲肋实现加强的作用。同时对12个不带加劲肋的钢管混凝土柱进行试验,部分柱的填充混凝土中加有钢纤维。试验结果表明,加劲肋可以有效延迟钢管局部屈曲现象的出现。当加劲构件达到最大承载量时钢板才出现屈曲,所以相比普通钢管混凝土,加劲钢管混凝土具有更高的适用性。     

Fire performance of self-consolidating concrete filled double skin steel tubular columns: Experiments

An investigation into the fire performance of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) filled double skin tubular columns (CFDST) during the standard fire test is reported. Six full size SCC filled CFDST columns were designed for the fire tests. Detail failure modes of overall specimens and each component in the columns as well as temperatures, deformation and fire endurance were presented. Fire performance of the CFDST columns were studied through analysis of the limiting temperature of the outer tube, composite action between steel and concrete and effect of a number of parameters on the fire endurance. It showed that the limiting temperature in the CFDST columns is significantly higher than that in concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns or critical temperature in steel structural components. Strong evidence was found to prove the existence of composite action between steel and concrete in the CFDST columns during fire exposure. Effect of a number of parameters on the fire endurance of the composite columns was identified. Investigation into the fire performance of the columns also reveals possible solutions to improve the fire resistance of CFDST members.     

Testing of self-consolidating concrete-filled double skin tubular stub columns exposed to fire

A concrete-filled double skin tube (CFDST) is an innovative steel and concrete composite construction with the potential to be used as columns in high-rise buildings. Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) can offer convenience for construction and ensure the construction quality of CFDST columns. There is very limited knowledge about the fire performance of CFDST columns, which is a key issue in the application to high-rise buildings. This paper reports an experimental investigation into the fire behaviour of CFDST stub columns filled with SCC and fibre reinforced SCC. The study aims to obtain thermal and structural responses of the stub columns through standard fire testing. Details are given in terms of the failure mode, temperature distribution, critical or limiting temperature and fire resistance. It was found that the added fibre does not affect the temperature distribution whereas the increased concrete thickness and outer tube perimeter reduces the temperature in CFDST specimens. The added steel fibre increases the fire resistance of CFDST stub columns especially for load levels less than 0.6. The critical or limiting temperature for CFDST sections was found to be higher than for CFST (concrete-filled steel tube) or unfilled tubes.     

Experimental behaviour of concrete-filled stiffened thin-walled steel tubular columns

An experimental study on the structural behaviour of concrete-filled stiffened thin-walled steel tubular columns is presented in this paper. The stiffening was achieved by welding longitudinal stiffeners on the inner surfaces of the steel tubes. Companion tests were also undertaken on 12 unstiffened concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, with or without steel fibres in the infill concrete. The test results showed that the local buckling of the tubes was effectively delayed by the stiffeners. The plate buckling initially occurred when the maximum load had almost reached for stiffened specimens, thus they had higher serviceability benefits compared to those of unstiffened ones. Some of the existing design codes were used to predict the load-carrying capacities of the tested composite columns.     

局部加载下中空夹层钢管混凝土的试验研究

对局部受压下的中空夹层钢管混凝土进行试验研究。分别对含内外两层钢管的14个圆形构件和15个方形试件进行试验,试验参数包含:空心率、顶端板厚度、局压面积比。结果表明:局部受压下中空夹层钢管混凝土呈现延性。各试验参数对局部受压中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱的性能和破坏模型有很大影响。最后,提出分析局部受压下中空夹层钢管混凝土承载力的简化计算模型。     

Concrete filled double skin circular stub columns under compression

Concrete filled double skin tubular (CFDST in abbreviation) stub columns consist of double concentric thin steel tubes and filled concrete between them. Their mechanical behaviors under axial compression were investigated experimentally. Two testing parameters considered were inner-to-outer diameters ratio and diameter-to-thickness ratio. Observed failure modes were controlled by the local buckling of both the tubes associated with shearing failure of the filled concrete. Main discussion is given on confinement effect by the outer tube to the filled concrete strength. Equations to estimate their ultimate strengths under compression were proposed based upon the yielding strengths of the tubes and the filled concrete cylinder strength.     

中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压短柱火灾后剩余承载力的试验研究

对6个中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压短柱开展试验研究,试验的主要参数是截面形式(圆套圆、方套方和方套圆)以及受火与否。试验结果表明,受火后中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压短柱的承载力下降显著。在空心率相同的情况下,方套圆截面形式的试件其剩余承载力最高,而圆套圆截面形式的试件其延性最好。同时还可以发现,火灾后中空夹层钢管混凝土的轴压承载力下降幅度与传统的实心钢管混凝土接近。     

圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压短柱受力机理分析

为了研究圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压短柱的受力机理,通过有限元软件ABAQUS建立了该类构件的力学模型,并与已有试验数据进行对比,验证了模型的合理性。分析了典型构件的受力全过程荷载-应变关系曲线、钢管与混凝土之间的相互作用力、破坏模态和荷载分配; 同时分析了空心率、锥度、钢管径厚比和混凝土强度等参数对相互作用力的影响。结果表明:典型构件荷载-应变关系曲线可分为弹性段、弹塑性段、下降段和稳定段4个阶段; 构件破坏是由外钢管向外鼓曲所导致的,破坏截面约在0.8H(H为构件高度)柱高处; 锥度和空心率的改变对构件破坏截面位置影响较大,随着锥度和空心率的增大,破坏截面位置逐渐向柱顶靠近; 影响外钢管与混凝土之间相互作用力的主要因素有空心率、锥度、外钢管径厚比、外钢管屈服强度和混凝土强度; 影响内钢管与混凝土之间相互作用力的主要因素有空心率、锥度和外钢管屈服强度; 内钢管径厚比与内钢管屈服强度对混凝土与内、外钢管之间的相互作用力影响较小,可不作为主要参数进行分析。     

Compressive behavior of T-shaped concrete filled steel tubular columns

Special-shaped column structures improve residential architectural space, compared with traditional frame structures. However, in respect to applicable building height and seismic fortification intensity, traditional special-shaped reinforced concrete (RC) columns have strict limitations in seismic behavior, which hampers further generalization and application of special-shaped columns. Due to increase in constraint effect for concrete, special-shaped concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are expected to behave advantages on the strength, ductility and seismic behavior over special-shaped RC columns. However, special attention should be paid to prevent the steel plates’ premature local buckling and the separation between steel tube and concrete at inner corners. The battlement-shaped bar stiffeners and tensile bar stiffeners, welded on tube surfaces, were first put forward in this paper. Experimental study of 9 stubs in three groups subjected to axial loads was conducted, and the specimens consist of 3 square stubs (including 1 non-stiffened and 2 stiffened CFST specimens) and 6 T-shaped stubs (including 1 RC specimen, 2 non-stiffened and 3 stiffened CFST specimens). Failure modes and static properties of the specimens were investigated. Experimental results reveal that: Due to the constraint effect provided by T-shaped tubes, the CFST specimens behave advantages on the RC specimen in the ascending stiffness, peak resistance and ductility (except for the battlement-shaped bar stiffened CFSTs). For square and T-shaped stiffened CFST specimens, the stiffeners improve their ductility, especially the tensile bar which gives the best performance in ductility and improves the peak resistance substantially. The stiffeners postpone the buckling of tubes, and even upgrade the classification of composite sections, without thickening the tubes.     

Concrete-filled double skin (SHS outer and CHS inner) steel tubular beam-columns

A series of tests on concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns (14), beams (four) and beam-columns (12) were carried out. The specimens had square hollow section (SHS) as outer skin and circular hollow section (CHS) as inner skin. A mechanics model is developed in this paper for the CFDST stub columns, columns and beam-columns. A unified theory is described where a confinement factor (ξ) is introduced to describe the composite action between the steel tubes and the sandwiched concrete. The load versus axial strain relationship for CFDST stub columns is predicted. Simplified model is derived for section capacities of CFDST. The predicted beam-column strength is compared with that obtained in beam and beam-column tests. The load versus mid-span deflection relationship for CFDST beams and beam-columns is predicted. A simplified model is developed for calculating the member capacity of the CFDST beams. Simplified interaction curves are derived for CFDST beam-columns.     

中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱的性能分析

对外管为方形中空截面或者圆形中空截面,内管为圆形中空截面的夹层钢管混凝土短柱的抗压性能进行了有限元分析。通过与一系列由不同研究者进行的试验数据进行对比,以证实有限元建模的有效性。归纳了平均应力与纵向应变的典型曲线、混凝土应力曲线、混凝土和钢管的交互曲线以及空心率对CFDST短柱性能的影响。对影响复合柱截面性能的重要参数也进行了分析。     

带肋薄壁复式钢管混凝土柱的抗震性能研究

带肋薄壁复式钢管混凝土柱具有较好的耐火性能和经济性,同时钢管混凝土构件多用于地震频发区域,因此有必要研究其抗震性能。以轴压比和内管外径为主要参数,进行了6根带肋薄壁复式钢管混凝土压弯柱的低周反复加载试验。试验结果表明：该类组合柱的滞回曲线饱满,具有良好的抗震性能,其承载能力和耗能能力明显高于带肋薄壁钢管混凝土对比柱;该类柱均为面内压弯破坏;随着轴压比的增大,试件的延性、累积耗能随之减小,后期刚度退化加剧;随着内管外径的增大,试件的承载力、延性和耗能能力提高,但内管外径对刚度退化的影响较小。建立了带肋薄壁复式钢管混凝土柱的有限元模型,并利用试验结果检验了模型的准确性。基于该模型开展参数分析,结果表明钢管屈服强度、外部混凝土强度、轴压比、径宽比、径厚比和长细比等参数对该类构件的承载力影响较显著。最后基于参数分析,建议了荷载 挠度恢复力模型。     

圆中空夹层钢管混凝土柱轴压工作机理研究

利用有限元软件ABAQUS建模,并对圆中空夹层钢管混凝土轴心受压时的荷载-变形全过程关系曲线进行计算,计算结果与试验结果符合良好。同时,对轴压时荷载-变形全过程中内外钢管和混凝土所承担的荷载及其相互作用力进行分析,并对空心率、名义含钢率和材料强度等因素对相互作用力的影响进行分析。     

Analytical behaviour of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns

This paper reports a finite element analysis of the compressive behaviour of CFDST stub columns with SHS (square hollow section) or CHS (circular hollow section) outer tube and CHS inner tube. A set of test data reported by different researchers were used to verify the FE modelling. Typical curves of average stress versus longitudinal strain, stress distributions of concrete, interaction of concrete and steel tubes, as well as effects of hollow ratio on the behaviour of CFDST stub columns, were presented. The influences of important parameters that determine sectional capacities of the composite columns were investigated.     

Behaviour of concrete-filled double skin rectangular steel tubular beam-columns

Double skin composite columns are formed from two steel skins filled with concrete in between. This new form of hybrid column has the potential to be used in many domains such as high-rise bridge piers and large diameter columns in high-rise buildings, etc. This paper describes a series of tests carried out on concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns, beams and beam-columns. Both outer and inner tubes are cold-formed rectangular hollow sections (RHS). The failure modes, and load-deformation behaviour of CFDST specimens are compared with those of conventional concrete-filled steel tubular members and empty double skin tubular members. A theoretical model is developed in this paper for the CFDST stub columns, beams and beam-columns. Reasonably good agreement is observed between the predicted and tested curves. Simplified models are derived to predict the load-carrying capacities of the composite members.     

开孔钢板加劲的矩形钢管钢纤维高强混凝土柱轴压试验研究

为探明加劲肋类型、开孔钢板（PBL）开孔间距、钢纤维体积掺量、混凝土强度等级等对矩形钢管钢纤维高强混凝土（SFRHC）柱轴压破坏模式的影响规律,对10根柱进行了轴压性能试验,得到了其荷载-压缩变形曲线、位移延性系数、耗能指标和破坏模式。研究结果表明：与PBL加劲试件相比,钢板加劲试件和未加劲试件的位移延性系数分别降低11.9%和10.4%,耗能指标分别降低8.3%和5.6%, PBL加劲肋能有效加强钢管与核心混凝土的组合作用。掺入体积率为0.8%钢纤维的PBL加劲试件,其位移延性系数和耗能指标分别提高12.5%和42.3%,钢纤维体积率为0.8%~1.2%时,试件位移延性系数和耗能指标明显提高。加劲SFRHC柱为肋间管壁局部外鼓破坏,PBL加劲柱的破坏位置均位于PBL开孔处,未加劲SFRHC柱为管壁外鼓破坏,对应钢板屈曲处核心混凝土表现为压碎破坏,钢纤维被整体拔出;加劲SFRHC柱沿高度方向破坏位置明显下移,钢板加劲肋和PBL加劲肋均能有效分担轴向荷载。     

Analysis of axially loaded concrete filled circular hollow double steel tubular columns exposed to fire

A series of new unified design formulas for calculating the temperature field and fire resistance under axial compressive loading of a circular solid or hollow concrete filled double steel tubular (CFDST) short and slender columns exposed to fire are presented in this paper. The results of the experiments are firstly derived from exploring the fundamental behavior of the CFSDT slender columns under the ISO 834 standard fire and temperature distributions. Failure modes and axial deformation versus time curves are also obtained and discussed. It was realized that a solid or slender CFDST column has different temperature fields, stronger limiting temperature and better fire resistance, as compared to columns filled with plain concrete. Also, the load ratio and steel ratio have no evident difference between the results of the solid and hollow CFDST columns. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model is developed to calculate the temperature field of CFDST columns. After calibration of the FE model, the influences of important parameters on the temperature field of the composite columns are investigated and a unified formula for calculating average temperatures of the columns’ cross-section is obtained. Combining the average temperature with the “Unified theory” under axial compression, a simplified design method is put forward, which provides a unified formulation for both the plain CFST and CFDST columns relating to the axial bearing capacity at room and elevated temperature. The proposed formulas are calibrated through comparisons with fire tests on the columns, and it was found that the method produces safe results on average.     

Effect of reinforcement stiffeners on square concrete-filled steel tubular columns subjected to axial compressive load

Eight stiffened square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns with slender sections of encasing steel and two non-stiffened counterparts were tested subjected to axial compressive load. Four types of reinforcement stiffeners and steel tensile strips were introduced to postpone local buckling of steel tubes, in which the tensile strip was first used as stiffener in CFSTs. The stiffening mechanism, failure modes of concrete and steel tubes, strength and ductility of stiffened square CFSTs were also studied during the experimental research. A numerical modeling program was developed and verified against the experimental data. The program incorporates the effect of the stiffeners on postponing local buckling of the tube and the tube confinement on concrete core. Extensive parametric analysis was also conducted to examine the influencing parameters on mechanical properties of stiffened square CFSTs.