薄壳目标的多基地声散射特性研究

文章对水中薄壳目标的多基地声散射特性进行了理论仿真与试验测量研究。首先采用有限元耦合边界元和基尔霍夫(Kirchhoff)近似积分两种不同的数值计算方法对内部充气球冠圆柱壳的多基地声散射特性进行建模仿真,然后通过目标在消声水池的散射声场试验测量验证仿真结果的有效性。采用相同的数值计算方法对Benchmark模型的多基地散射声场进行仿真计算,分析多基地(全向)声散射特性及散射机理。结果表明,水中目标多基地散射的回波强度与回波结构与多基地分置角相关,且回波亮点的主瓣宽度也随多基地分置角变化而变化;Benchmark模型的艇体和指挥舱之间存在强烈的干涉作用,使多基地(全向)散射声场的竖状条纹发生倾斜。研究为水下目标的多基地探测提供理论支持。     

随机起伏界面声散射的实验与理论研究

进行了二维粗糙海面声波散射特性的水池实验,测量了不同入射角、散射角以及方位角条件下所对应的散射强度。实验通过不同位置风扇对水面的吹拂获得粗糙水面,分别对水平面上互相垂直的两个方向上的水面波高变化进行了测量,利用周期图法估计出这两个方向上的空间功率谱,验证了实验中的粗糙水面是各向同性的。利用改进的空间域处理技术去除了总声波信号中的直达波和其他固定位置散射体的散射信号,获得了粗糙水面的声波散射信号。利用小斜率近似方法计算了二维粗糙海面的声散射特性。实验与模拟计算结果比较,证实了计算二维粗糙海面声波散射特性的小斜率近似方法的有效性与准确性,相互印证了实验与理论。     

双基地海底散射建模与仿真分析

海底的声散射是产生浅海混响的主要原因之一。采用小斜率近似方法研究了粗糙液-液分界面的海底散射问题,通过一个统一的方法实现微扰近似和Kirchhoff近似的无缝衔接且不受表面高度均方根条件限制。类比APL-UW模型,利用最低阶小斜率近似求解粗糙海底界面散射截面,并结合Jackson等人的海底沉积层体积散射截面表达式,建立了一个计算双基地海底散射强度的＂小斜率-体积＂模型。针对几种典型的海底类型进行了数值仿真与性能分析,并将数值预报结果与APL-UW模型进行了对比。结果表明,小斜率-体积模型在整个角度范围内较为准确,并且与APL-UW模型的预报结果吻合程度较高,两者散射强度差值小于2 dB。     

小斜率近似方法分析粗糙界面声散射问题

利用小斜率近似方法计算了起伏海面的声散射特性,得到了具有高斯分布粗糙海面的平均反射系数（即镜反射系数）计算公式,并与微扰法和Kirchhoff近似做了比较,结果表明小斜率近似是一种非常有效的分析起伏表面散射特性的近似方法。最后讨论了海面镜反射系数随海面的不平整度（波浪的均方根高度）、声波频率和声波入射方向的变化关系,得出了只有在声波波长和起伏波浪高度可比拟时,才有明显的镜反射的结论。这为分析浅海目标声散射特性时,选择是否需要考虑海面（海底）所引起的多途效应提供了理论依据。     

敷设空腔覆盖层水下复杂目标的声散射特性研究

研究敷设空腔覆盖层水下复杂目标的声散射特性具有重要的意义。首先通过建模软件构建目标模型，然后利用分层近似法，结合多层介质的传递矩阵方法，将含有变截面空腔的吸声覆盖层分为多个可视为圆柱空腔结构的薄层，进而实现复合结构的声反射系数的求解，最后利用基于戈登(Gordon)积分的板块元方法对目标强度进行预报，并针对复杂目标提出基于光线投射的可见面元判别方法。在此基础上，以BeTSSi Ⅱ标准模型为例，研究敷设空腔覆盖层的水下复杂目标的声散射方位特性和频率特性。结果表明：文中提出的基于光线投射的可见面元判别方法可以快速有效地提供板块元方法所需的可见面元；板块元方法对BeTSSi Ⅱ标准模型的预报结果可以很好地反映其目标强度的特征及其变化规律；模型敷设空腔覆盖层可以有效降低目标强度，与敷设等厚均匀覆盖层时相比，复合结构声反射系数曲线的第一谷值频率降低，在频率较低时敷设空腔覆盖层的吸声效果更好，可以进一步减小目标强度。该研究有助于实际工程中实现对水下平台散射特性的快速预报。     

基于物理散射的单基地海底混响建模与仿真分析

分析了海底混响包络非瑞利化的原因,将基于物理过程的K分布混响模型和Jackson海底散射模型相结合,建立了基于物理散射的单基地海底混响仿真模型。将海底混响统计特性与声呐波束宽度、带宽、频率、掠射角等系统参数和散射体尺寸、散射强度、分布密度等环境参数联系起来,同时兼顾了海底混响的统计特性和物理形成机制,仿真结果验证了模型的有效性。     

大数据下的深度学习研究

给出了大数据和机器学习的子领域——深度学习的概念,阐述了深度学习对获取大数据中的有价值信息的重要作用。描述了大数据下利用图像处理单元(GPU)进行并行运算的深度学习框架,对其中的大规模卷积神经网络(CNN)、大规模深度置信网络(DBN)和大规模递归神经网络(RNN)进行了重点论述。分析了大数据的容量、多样性、速率特征,介绍了大规模数据、多样性数据、高速率数据下的深度学习方法。展望了大数据背景下深度学习的发展前景,指出在不远的将来,大数据与深度学习融合的技术将会在计算机视觉、机器智能等多个领域获得突破性进展。     

天然气管道大孔泄漏速率的建模与分析

通过对天然气管道泄漏过程的分析,建立了气体的大孔泄漏模型。对大孔泄漏过程存在的3种状态进行讨论分析,验证了在高压情况下只存在管内亚临界流、孔口临界流和管内孔口都是临界流两种情况,在低中压情况下只存在管内亚临界流、孔口临界流和管内孔口均为亚临界流两种情况,并且分析了不同泄漏点和不同压力情况下发生泄漏的速率变化情况。采用本文的计算模型可以较好的计算出不同泄漏孔径的泄漏速率,为长输管道的定量风险评价提供依据。     

大吨位FRP复合材料拉索整体式锚固理论分析

针对大吨位纤维增强聚合物（FRP）复合材料拉索锚固问题,基于前期提出的一种适用于多根、大直径的FRP复合材料拉索整体式变刚度锚固方法（简称大吨位锚固）,利用应力-应变关系分析了FRP复合材料拉索加载端应力集中产生的本质原因,推导了FRP复合材料拉索与荷载传递介质协同工作的界面摩擦系数关系式。基于功能原理,推导了大吨位锚固体系的锚固力计算公式,并基于锚固力计算公式进行了参数分析。理论推导结果表明:等刚度荷载传递介质会引起FRP复合材料拉索加载端应力集中,变刚度荷载传递介质的大吨位锚固方法可以有效避免FRP复合材料拉索“切口效应”。推导的界面摩擦系数关系式能够作为FRP复合材料拉索与荷载传递介质是否同步跟进的判断依据。参数分析表明:增加锚固长度和锥角（保持加载端厚度不变）有利于设计较小尺寸大吨位锚固体系,而增加锥角（保持自由端厚度不变）和同时改变加载端与自由端厚度不利于设计较小尺寸大吨位锚固体系。      

典型点火器不同装药量下输出冲击试验与分析

为研究装药量对某典型点火器输出冲击的影响,分别用压力传感器和压电式加速度传感器测量了点火器的输出压力和响应加速度,分析了冲击响应谱。结果表明:点火器输出峰值压力与装药量的关系符合诺贝尔-阿贝尔状态方程;在1000 Hz^10000 Hz频率范围内,冲击响应谱差值随装药量增加呈线性变化的关系。     

Measurement of surface roughness profile by a triangulation method

Some aspects of measuring surface roughness parameters using a laser triangulation method are considered. A connection is established between surface roughness and scattering indicatrices with probing radiation polarization parameters of a semiconductor laser. A marked effect is noted of the form and position of the polarization plane on the measurement error for linear values. __________ Translated from Metrologiya, No. 6. pp. 21–27, June, 2008.     

Modeling and analysis for surface roughness in machining glass fibre reinforced plastics using response surface methodology

Now a days glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite materials are a feasible alternative to engineering materials. They have excellent properties and are being extensively used in variety of engineering applications. However, the users of FRP are facing difficulties to machine it, because of its anistropic properties. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model the surface roughness through response surface method (RSM) in machining GFRP composites. Four factors five level central composite, rotatable design matrix is employed to carryout the experimental investigation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to check the validity of the model. For finding the significant parameters student’s t-test is used. Also, an analysis of the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the response has been carried out and presented in this study.     

Monte Carlo simulation of Stokes vectors of polarized light scattering from two-dimensional random rough surfaces

A Monte Carlo model was established to simulate polarized scattering fields of two-dimensional rough surfaces based on the Kirchhoff approximation. Based on this model, numerical studies of the hemispherical distribution of Stokes vectors of scattered light from dielectric and metal rough surfaces were carried out. These surfaces have Gaussian distributions with correlation length of 3.1?µm and standard deviation varying between 0.1 and 0.6?µm. The results reveal that the V component of metal surfaces has peaks antisymmetric with the incident plane, whereas the V component of dielectric surfaces is almost zero. We consider that this property of the V component would provide a new method which could be used to distinguish the target material.     

基于HHT变换的超光滑加工表面谱分析

Hilbert-Huang变换是最新发展起来的处理非线性非平稳信号的时频分析方法。其基本的实现分为两步,多分辨经验模态分解和瞬时频率的求解,随后可以获得信号的时—频谱。这种方法的关键部分是多分辨经验模态分解,任何复杂的信号都可以分解为有限数目并且具有一定物理意义的固有模态函数。本文针对表面粗糙度用HHT进行了分析,得出相应结论,对加工有一定的指导意义。     

Modeling of light scattering properties from surface profile in thin-film solar cells by Fourier transform techniques

The optical properties of textured surfaces in the micro and nanometer range are of interest in manifold topics, such as thin-film silicon photovoltaics. Light scattering models, which are based on Fourier transform techniques, are applied to calculate both, the angularly resolved scattering and the haze. Therein, topography, measured by atomic force microscopy, and the refractive index are used as input data. In this study, these models are applied to zinc oxide/air interfaces and to zinc oxide/hydrogenated amorphous silicon interfaces. Results obtained from zinc oxide/air interfaces are compared to the measured scattering properties.     

考虑动载荷和表面粗糙度的渐开线齿轮摩擦因数的研究

 进行齿面摩擦因数的研究,对于减少摩擦损失、改善系统传动性能等具有重要的意义．建立渐开线圆柱齿轮的非线性时变单自由度动力学模型,求解得到动态啮合力和单对轮齿的受力．结合载荷分担概念和弹流润滑理论,得到考虑表面粗糙度和动态载荷的不同啮合位置处的齿面摩擦因数,并与静态载荷条件的结果进行对比．同时分析转速、表面粗糙度和润滑剂黏度等工作条件对摩擦因数的影响．研究结果表明：动态载荷对油膜厚度、油膜承载比例和摩擦因数均有一定程度的影响．进入啮合段,油膜较薄,油膜承载比例较低.退出啮合段,油膜增厚,油膜承载比例增高.转速对摩擦因数的影响并非单调的,摩擦因数先是随着转速的增大显著减小,而后随着转速的增大而增大．随着表面粗糙度的增大,摩擦因数随之明显增大．在一定的黏度范围内,随着润滑剂黏度的增大,摩擦因数随之明显减小．     

Numerical analysis and experimental validation of surface roughness and morphology in honing of Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy

Honing is an important technology for machining onboard system parts. The parts are usually made of difficult-to-machining materials, e.g., Inconel 718 superalloy. Honing can improve the finishing accuracy and surface quality. However, the selection of the honing parameters was primarily based on the results of a large number of experiments. Therefore, the establishment of a reliable model is needed to predict the honed surface roughness and morphology, and offers a theoretical direction for the choice of parameters. In the present study, a numerical simulation model was constructed for analysis of the honing process by Python. The oilstone, workpiece surface morphology and motion trajectory were discretized by Python, and the machined surface was obtained by trajectory interference. Firstly, based on the statistical analysis of the surface topography of oilstone, the shape of grains was simplified and the surface topography of oilstone was built accordingly. Then, the initial surface morphology of the workpiece was constructed and the trajectory of grains on the workpiece surface was analyzed, which showed the distribution of the removed material. Meanwhile, the plastic deformation of material was analyzed in the simulation model. The critical depth of three stages of contact between grains and workpiece was calculated by the theoretical formula: scratching, ploughing and cutting. By analyzing the distribution of bulge, the plastic deformation in ploughing and cutting stage was studied. Further, the simulated results of honed surface roughness and morphology were validated and agreed reasonably well with the honing experiment. Finally, the effects of honing process parameters, including grain size, tangential speed, axial speed, radial speed and abrasive volume percentage, on the surface roughness of the workpiece were analyzed by the simulation model. The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-022-00422-0