一种基于自适应峰值电流检测的模式切换电路北大核心

在降压转换器中，为了在不同的负载情况下获得高效率，常采用的方法是在重载时使用脉冲宽度调制(PWM),在轻载时使用脉冲频率调制(PFM),因此需要模式切换信号去控制整个降压转换器的工作状态，同时模式切换信号也可以用于自适应改变功率级电路中的功率管栅宽，减小功率管的栅极电容，提高整体电路的效率。文章设计了一个自适应峰值电流模式切换电路，用于产生模式切换信号，其原理是监控峰值电流的变化，产生峰值电压，将峰值电压与参考电压进行比较，得到模式切换信号，以决定降压转换器是采用PFM模式还是PWM模式。仿真结果表明，在负载电流0.5～500 mA范围内，该电路可以在两种调制模式之间平稳切换，其峰值效率可提升到94%以上。     

一种宽负载高效率Buck转换器设计

本文提出了一种双模式调制技术,以提高宽负载范围内降压型DC-DC转换器的转换效率。采用自适应导通时间电路(AOT)和斜坡信号V_RAMP产生电路来维持转换器连续导通时间(CCM)工作模式下开关频率基本稳定;利用过零检测电路来检测电感电流,当电感电流过零时,能及时关断续流管,降低开关损耗,进一步提升轻载转换效率。该DC-DC基于SMIC 0.18 um BCD工艺进行电路仿真验证,该电路可在0～3A宽负载范围内正常工作,在输入电压3～5V范围内,PFM模式下输出电压纹波小于5.2mV,1m A负载下转换效率为87.37%。在PWM模式下输出电压纹波小于2.8mV,3A负载下最低转换效率为84.24%。峰值效率可达94.91%,全负载范围内转换效率大于84%。     

Buck型DC-DC电路振铃现象的抑制

Buck型DC-DC电路在负载较大时,外接电感电流在一个调制周期内会出现减小到零的情况。为了防止电路进入强制连续导通模式(FCCM),电感电流反向,导致负载电容通过续流NMOS管放电,降低DC-DC的转换效率,需要设计保护电路在电感电流减小到零时检测电感前端电压,当电压大于零时强制关断NMOS管,使电路工作于断续导通模式(DCM)。由于开关管寄生电容与外接电感LC形成振荡回路,电感残余电流产生振铃现象。为了抑制振铃现象,通过控制电路在LXC与地之间接入阻尼电阻,减小电容的等效并联电阻,加快振荡衰减。     

一种高效率升压型ＤＣ－ＤＣ转换器设计

设计了一种基于PWM/PFM调制模式的全负载高效率升压型DC-DC转换器。根据负载不同,实现PWM和PFM模式的自动切换。轻载时,进入PFM模式,降低开关损耗,并加入电感峰值限流,减小输出电压纹波。在DCM状态下,利用休眠模式电路,降低静态功耗,同时提出一种抗振铃电路,进一步提升轻载转换效率。芯片实测结果表明,1mA轻载条件下,效率依然达到91.6%,输出电压纹波约为6.6 mV。全负载最高效率可以达到93.1%。     

一种具有750mA输出电流,双模式PWM/PFM控制的高效率直流-直流降压转换器

提出了一种输出电流可达750mA,脉宽调制（PWM）和变频调制（PFM）双模式控制的,高效率、高稳定性直流-直流降压转换器.该转换器在负载电流大于80mA时,采用开关频率为1MHz的PWM工作模式;在负载电流小于80mA时,采用开关频率减小和静态电流降低的PFM工作模式,实现了在整个负载电流变化范围（0.02~750mA）内,转换器均保持高效率.而且采用一种快速响应的电压模式控制结构,达到了优异的线性和负载调整特性.芯片采用CSMC公司0.5μm CMOS 2P3M混合信号工艺物理实现.测试结果表明,该电路可根据负载的变化在PWM和PFM模式下自动切换.最大转换效率达96.5%;当负载电流为0.02mA时,转换效率大于55%.该芯片特别适合电池供电的移动系统使用.     

一种具有750mA输出电流，双模式PWM/PFM控制的高效率直流-直流降压转换器

提出了一种输m电流可达750mA,脉宽调制(PwM)和变频调制(PFM)双模式控制的,高效率、高稳定性直流.直流降压转换器.该转换器在负载电流大于80mA时,采用开关频率为lMHz的PwM工作模式;在负载电流小于80mA时,采用开天频率减小和静态电流降低的PFM工作模式,实现了在整个负载电流变化范围(0.02～750mA)内,转换器均保持高效率.而且采用一种快速响应的电压模式控制结构,达到了优异的线性和负载调整特性.芯片采用CSMC公司0.5μm CMOS 2P3M混合信号上艺物理实现.测试结果表明,该电路可根据负载的变化在PWM和PFM模式下自动切换.最大转换效率达96.5%;当负载电流为0.02mA时,转换效率大于55%.该芯片特别适合电池供电的移动系统使用.     

一种具有750mA输出电流,双模式PWM/PFM控制的高效率直流一直流降压转换器

提出了一种输m电流可达750mA,脉宽调制(PwM)和变频调制(PFM)双模式控制的,高效率、高稳定性直流.直流降压转换器.该转换器在负载电流大于80mA时,采用开关频率为lMHz的PwM工作模式;在负载电流小于80mA时,采用开天频率减小和静态电流降低的PFM工作模式,实现了在整个负载电流变化范围(0.02～750mA)内,转换器均保持高效率.而且采用一种快速响应的电压模式控制结构,达到了优异的线性和负载调整特性.芯片采用CSMC公司0.5μm CMOS 2P3M混合信号上艺物理实现.测试结果表明,该电路可根据负载的变化在PWM和PFM模式下自动切换.最大转换效率达96.5%;当负载电流为0.02mA时,转换效率大于55%.该芯片特别适合电池供电的移动系统使用.     

一种数字控制PWM/PSM双模DC/DC变换器

本文实现了一种数字控制PWM/PSM双模DC/DC Buck变换器。该变换器的两种工作模式可根据连续导通模式（CCM）或者断续导通模式（DCM）自动选择。变换器在DCM模式下工作于脉冲跨周期调制（PSM）模式,在CCM模式下工作于2MHz开关频率的脉冲调宽调制（PWM）模式。轻负载下通过跳周期工作降低了开关损耗。因此在宽负载范围内得到了较高的变换效率。文中详细阐述了PWM控制电路模块,例如模拟数字转换器（ADC）,数字PWM（DPWM）和环路补偿器,以及PSM控制模块的实现。环路补偿器的参数可编程调节,以满足不同的外围器件参数以及开关频率。这一特性比模拟方式具有更大的灵活性。本文中实现的变换器采用0.13μm CMOS工艺设计并流片,芯片面积为1.21 mm2。测试结果显示变换效率在200mA负载时为90%,在20mA负载时为67%。同时,负载阶跃响应的测试结果说明了本文实现的双模变换器的良好稳定性。     

一种提高单电感双输出升/降压型转换器轻载效率的设计策略

为了提高单电感双输出升/降压型直流-直流转换器在轻载下的效率,设计实现了适用于不同转换条件的非连续导通模式(DCM)功能和脉冲频率调制(PFM)控制。前者降低了电感电流的均方根值,减少了导通损耗;后者降低了开关频率,减少了开关损耗。详细分析了在PFM控制下转换器的驱动能力、电感电流纹波和输出电压纹波之间相互制约的关系,并采取了一种可以由两路任意升/降压输出灵活复用的自适应导通时间控制方法。经0.25μm 2P4M CMOS混合信号工艺流片验证,测试结果显示DCM和PFM时序与设计方案吻合,各种转换条件下输出电压纹波在40~70 mV。通过比较发现,对轻载效率的提升可以达到30%以上。     

数字控制PFM/PWM混合型DC-DC开关电源

结合脉冲频率调制(PFM)和脉冲宽度调制(PWM)的特点,设计了一种混合型的降压DC-DC控制器,提高了全负载情况下的效率,并进行了多种低功耗设计,轻负载时效率提高。控制器的PWM采用数字化PID控制,PFM采用电压电流的双环反馈控制,在1mA~2A的宽负载范围内效率为80%~92%。     

Dithering Skip Modulation, Width and Dead Time Controllers in Highly Efficient DC-DC Converters for System-On-Chip Applications

This paper proposes temperature-independent load sensor (LS), optimum width controller (OWC), optimum dead-time controller (ODC), and tri-mode operation to achieve high efficiency over an ultra-wide-load range. Higher power efficiency and wider loading current range require rethinking the control method for DC-DC converters. Therefore, a highly efficient tri-mode DC-DC converter is invented in this paper for system-on-chip (SoC) applications, which is switched to sleeping mode at very light load condition or to high-speed mode at heavy load condition. The efficiency improvement is upgraded by inserting new proposed dithering skip modulation (DSM) between conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM) and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM). In other words, an efficiency-improving DSM operation raises the efficiency drop because of transition from PWM to PFM. Importantly, DSM mode can dynamically skip the number of gate driving pulses, which is inverse proportional to load current. Simplistically and qualitatively stated, the novel load sensor automatically selects optimum modulation method and power MOSFET width to achieve high efficiency over a wide load range. Moreover, optimum power MOSFET turn-on and turn-off delays in synchronous rectifiers and reduced ground bounce can save much switching loss by current-mode dead-time controller. Experimental results show the tri-mode operation can have high efficiency about 90% over a wide load current range from 3 to 500 mA. Owing to the effective mitigation of the switching loss contributed by optimum power MOSFET width and reduction of conduction loss contributed by optimum dead-times, the novel width and dead-time controllers achieve high efficiency about 95% at heavy load condition and maintain the highly efficient performance to very light load current about 0.1 mA.     

一种基于sigma-delta调制的高效率低噪声降压式直流变换器

本论文在提高开关电源效率和降低噪声方面做了一些工作。在效率方面,提出了一个包含死区时间控制,断流模式控制以及栅宽调制功能的高效率功率管驱动电路。在控制回路中采用sigma-delta调制取代传统的PWM调制,降低了开关电源输出中与时钟有关的谐波噪声。本文在 0.35um CMOS工艺条件下实现了一个基于二阶sigma-delta调制的高效率低噪声DC-DC变换器。测试结果表明,此变换器能够达到93%的峰值效率,并且谐波噪声可以比使用PWM调制时低30dB。     

A low noise high efficiency buck DC-DC converter with sigma-delta modulation

Some research efforts to improve the efficiency and noise performance of buck DC-DC converters are explored.A carefully designed power MOSFET driver,including a dead time controller,discontinuous current mode(DCM) controller and gate width controller,is proposed to improve efficiency.Instead of PWM modulation, sigma-delta modulation is introduced into the feedback loop of the converter to move out the clock-referred harmonic spike.The proposed converter has been designed and fabricated by a 0.35μm CMOS process.Measured results show that the peak efficiency of the converter can reach 93%and sigma-delta modulation suppresses the harmonic spike by 30 dB over PWM modulation.     

A Dual-Mode Step-up DC/DC Converter IC with Current-Limiting and EMI Reduction Techniques

This paper presents a novel dual-mode step-up （boost） DC/DC converter. Pulse-frequency modulation （PFM） is used to improve the efficiency at light load. This converter can operate between pulse-width modulation （PWM） and pulse-frequency modulation. The converter will operate in PFM mode at light load and in PWM mode at heavy load. The maximum conversion efficiency of this converter is 96%. The conversion efficiency is greatly improved when load current is below 100 mA. Additionally, a soft-start circuit and a variable-sawtooth frequency circuit are proposed in this paper. The former is used to avoid the large switching current at the start up of the converter and the latter is utilized to reduce the EMI of the converter.     

A High Efficiency Dual-Mode Buck Converter IC For Portable Applications

This paper presents the design of a novel wide output current range dual-mode dc to dc step-down (Buck) switching regulator/converter. The converter can adaptively switch between pulsewidth modulation (PWM) and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) both with very high conversion efficiency. Under light load condition the converter enters PFM mode. The function of closing internal idle circuits is implemented to save unnecessary switching losses. The converter can be switched to PWM mode when the load current is greater than 100 mA. Soft start operation is designed to eliminate the excess large current at the start up of the regulator. The chip has been fabricated with a TSMC 2P4M 0.35 mum polycide CMOS process. The range of the operation voltage is from 2.7 to 5 V, which is suitable for single-cell lithium-ion battery supply applications. The maximum conversion efficiency is 95% at 50 mA load current. Above 85 % conversion efficiency can be reached for load current from 3 to 460 mA.     

DCM,FSM,dead time and width controllers for a high frequency high efficiency buck DC-DC converter over a wide load range

This paper presents a width controller,a dead time controller,a discontinuous current mode(DCM) controller and a frequency skipping modulation(FSM) controller for a high frequency high efficiency buck DC-DC converter. To improve the efficiency over a wide load range,especially at high switching frequency,the dead time controller and width controller are applied to enhance the high load efficiency,while the DCM controller and FSM controller are proposed to increase the light load efficiency.The proposed D...     

A digitally controlled PWM/PSM dual-mode DC/DC converter

A digitally controlled pulse width modulation/pulse skip modulation(PWM/PSM) dual-mode buck DC/DC converter is proposed.Its operation mode can be automatically chosen as continuous conduction mode (CCM) or discontinuous conduction mode(DCM).The converter works in PSM at DCM and in 2 MHz PWM at CCM.Switching loss is reduced at a light load by skipping cycles.Thus high conversion efficiency is realized in a wide load current.The implementations of PWM control blocks,such as the ADC,the digital pulse width modulator(DPWM) and the loop compensator,and PSM control blocks are described in detail.The parameters of the loop compensator can be programmed for different external component values and switching frequencies, which is much more flexible than its analog rivals.The chip is manufactured in 0.13μm CMOS technology and the chip area is 1.21 mm~2.Experimental results show that the conversion efficiency is high,being 90%at 200 mA and 67%at 20 mA.Meanwhile,the measured load step response shows that the proposed dual-mode converter has good stability.