新型除草剂苯嘧磺草胺的合成研究

以2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸为起始原料,经硫酸和硝酸硝化,氯化亚砜酰化后与N-甲基-N-异丙基磺酰胺反应得到化合物N-(2-氯-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲酰)-N′-异丙基-N′-甲基磺酰胺;制得N-(2-氯-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲酰)-N′-异丙基-N′-甲基磺酰胺经钯碳加氢硝基还原,然后与氯甲酸乙酯反应得到化合物N-[2-氯-4-氟-5-{(乙氧基羰基)氨基}苯甲酰]-N′-异丙基-N′-甲基磺酰胺;N-[2-氯-4-氟-5-{(乙氧基羰基)氨基}苯甲酰]-N′-异丙基-N′-甲基磺酰胺与3-甲基氨基-4,4,4-三氟丁烯酸乙酯进行环化,得到目的产物苯嘧磺草胺。总收率68.0%(以2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸计)。经核磁谱图分析,所得化合物与目的产物苯嘧磺草胺结构一致。     

3-乙氧基-4-{[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基}环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮的合成

以3-三氟甲基苯胺和方酸二乙酯等为原料,依次经过酯化和氨解反应合成了目标化合物3-乙氧基-4-{[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基}环丁-3-烯-1,2-二酮.中间体及目标化合物结构经11HNMR和MS表征,并考察了影响目标化合物收率的主要因素.确定氨解反应的适宜条件为:n(3-三氟甲基苯胺)∶n(方酸二乙酯)=1.1∶1;...     

含膦酸酯结构单元的磺胺衍生物合成与抗菌活性

为了寻找抗菌候选化合物,采用基于片段的药物发现方法,以氨基膦酸酯和磺酰氯为原料,设计合成了15个含膦酸酯结构单元的磺胺衍生物,经IR、1HNMR和13CNMR确认结构。采用两倍稀释法测定目标化合物的MIC(最小抑菌浓度)。结果表明:部分目标化合物呈潜在的抗菌活性,对所测试标准菌和耐药菌均有抑制活性。其中,化合物Ⅱf〔N-[(二乙氧基膦酰基)-4-氟苯甲基]-4-甲氧基苯磺酰胺〕对金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)、大肠埃希菌(E. coli)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)及耐氟喹诺酮类大肠杆菌(MREC)的MIC分别为32、64、128和128μg/mL,化合物Ⅱl〔N-[(二乙氧基膦酰基)-4-氟苯甲基]-4-氟苯磺酰胺〕对S. aureus、E. coli、MRSA及MREC的MIC分别为32、32、64和64μg/mL,抗菌活性优于对照药磺胺嘧啶。     

水杨醛-ɑ-氨基膦酸酯衍生物的合成 及抗肿瘤活性

以α-氨基膦酸酯和邻羟基苯甲醛为原料,经缩合反应(微波辅助)、NaBH_4还原,合成了10个结构新颖的水杨醛-α-氨基膦酸酯衍生物Ⅲa~Ⅲj,其结构均经过IR、~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和HRMS确认。利用MTT法测定了目标化合物的抗肿瘤活性,结果显示:目标化合物对人急性髓系白血病细胞(KGla)、人肝癌细胞(HepG2)、宫颈癌细胞(Hela)3种肿瘤细胞均有抑制作用,其中,α-(4-氟苯基)(2-羟基苄氨基)甲基膦酸二乙酯(Ⅲe)、α-(4-氟苯基)(2-羟基苄氨基)甲基膦酸二异丙酯(Ⅲf)对HepG2表现出较好的增殖抑制作用。     

苯嘧磺草胺的合成和生物活性测定

[目的]脲嘧啶类除草剂苯嘧磺草胺具有优异的除草活性,研究其合成及分析方法,并进行除草活性测定。[方法]2-氯-4氟苯甲酸(2)经酯化、硝化、还原等反应制得2-氯-4-氟-5-氨基苯甲酸甲酯(5),化合物5与三光气反应生成异氰酸酯(6),化合物6与4,4,4-三氟-β-氨基巴豆酸乙酯(7)环合后经甲基化、水解、酰氯化后与侧链N-甲基-N-异丙基氨基磺酰胺(12)缩合得目标化合物苯嘧磺草胺(saflufenacil,1)。[结果]总收率6.26%。关键中间体和目标化合物结构通过1H NMR、IR和MS确认。经HPLC分析,产品纯度达到99.8%。[结论]目的产物与外购的商品进行了除草活性对照试验,结果显示活性基本一致。     

脲嘧啶除草剂氟嘧硫草酯的合成研究

研究除草剂氟嘧硫草酯合成新方法。以邻氟苯胺为原料，经酰胺化、氯代反应制备化合物N-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)氨基甲酸乙酯；在碱的作用下，与3-氨基-4,4,4-三氟丁烯酸乙酯关环合成化合物3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮；经硫酸二甲酯甲基化，氯磺酸磺化，红磷/碘化钾/醋酸还原得到化合物(H) 3-(4-氯-2-氟-5-巯基苯基)-1-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮；最后再与3-(2-氯丙酰氨基)丙酸甲酯缩合得到目标化合物氟嘧硫草酯，收率70.1%。该路线工艺简单，原料易得，为工业化生产奠定了基础。     

一种质子泵抑制剂吡咯磺酰类药物的合成工艺

阐述了质子泵抑制剂吡咯磺酰类药物2-[3-[[2-(2-氟苯基)-4-[(甲氨基)甲基]-1 H-吡咯-1-基]磺酰基]苯氧基]-N,N-二甲乙酰胺(1)的合成方法。该方法以5-(2-氟苯基)-1 H-吡咯-3-甲醛(2)、3-[2-(二甲氨基)-2-羰基乙氧基]苯-1-磺酰氯(3)为原料,经缩合反应得到2-[3-[[2-(2-氟苯基)-4-甲酰基-1 H-吡咯-1-基]磺酰基]苯氧基]-N,N-二甲乙酰胺(4),化合物(4)经还原氨化得到化合物(1)。该工艺路线简短,操作简便,副反应少,反应收率高,适合工业化生产。     

除草剂中间体o—氨基苯基环丙基甲酮的合成

o-氨基苯基环丙基甲酮是合成磺酰脲类除草剂特别是用于谷物的除草剂环丙嘧磺隆1-{[o-(环丙基羰基)苯基]氨基磺酰基}-3-(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)脲的重要中间体。     

瑞舒伐他汀钙中间体杂质的回收利用

本研究以瑞舒伐他汀钙中间体(4R,6S)-6-[(1E)-2-[4-(4-氟苯基)-6-异丙基-2-[甲基(甲磺酰)氨基]-5-嘧啶]乙烯基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环-4-乙酸叔丁酯制备过程中的光学异构体杂质为原料,将其进行回收再利用。实验结果表明,该杂质可用于瑞舒伐他汀钙中间体的制备,能有效降低其生产成本。     

五氟磺草胺的合成简介

简单介绍三唑并嘧啶磺酰胺类除草剂——五氟磺草胺(Penoxsulam)的性能,描述五氟磺草胺的合成工艺。中间体2-氨基-5,8-二甲氧基[1,2,4]-三唑并[1,5-c]-嘧啶与2-氟-6-三氟甲基苯磺酰氯反应,再与2,2-二氟乙醇缩合即得到五氟磺草胺。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。