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Haejun Park Brian J. Meacham Nicholas A. Dembsey Mark Goulthorpe 《Building Research & Information》2014,42(6):696-709
A new framework is presented to facilitate better incorporation of building fire safety performance options into the building design process. Based on the building design process and key design decisions undertaken at each phase, a knowledge set is developed to aid building designers to understand better the effects of design decisions on building fire performance. This also minimizes potential competing objectives in later design phases by sharing necessary concerns in advance. Drawing on the knowledge set, a conceptual building fire safety evaluation tool illustrates how primary building designers and fire safety engineers can quantitatively assess fire safety performance for different solutions. It is shown how building fire safety performance attributes can be arranged by building design phase, how various scenarios can be explored, and how appropriately balanced building design and fire safety design solutions can be identified at different phases of the building design process. 相似文献
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Haejun Park Brian J. Meacham Nicholas A. Dembsey Mark Goulthorpe 《Fire Technology》2014,50(2):183-203
Building fire safety is driven by regulations and technical building codes, at least as a minimum requirement. As fire protection engineers (FPEs) design fire safety measures based on requirements in the regulations, they are often viewed as the primary agents in ensuring the fire safety of buildings. However, their mission often starts with given building design features, such as interior spatial layout, exterior shape, site plan, and so forth, which are mostly determined by architects. The only exception is where the FPE is invited to assist in the project planning, feasibility and early concept design stages of a project. Regardless, architects also can influence building fire safety performance, whether or not they explicitly acknowledge or understand this. Although architects design buildings within the boundaries of the regulatory requirements, the architect’s focus is often related to the visual and spatial aesthetics of buildings linked to building form and functionality, which are not subject to the regulations. These aesthetics can sometimes compete with fire safety objectives. As such, buildings can be unsafe in certain situations due to unintended effects of building design features on actual fire safety performance. This research describes the relationship between architecturally conceived building design features, design expectations for fire safety systems, and the actual or conceivable fire safety performance of the building. Steps are proposed that FPEs can take to identify and address potentially competing objectives and deliver increased fire safety performance. 相似文献
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建筑防火的性能设计及其规范 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
建筑防火的性能化设计是建立在火灾安全学基础上的一种全新的理性化的设计思想。它运用现代科学的方法,对建筑防火设施系统应该达到的性能目标和工作状况,以及火灾的危险和导致的后果进行定性,定时地预测与评估,以使建筑物得到最佳的防火设计方案和最好的防火保护。本文综述了性能化设计的概念,性能设计的框架体系体系和评估方法等问题。 相似文献
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建筑遗产开发利用与消防保护的平衡性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
调研苏州古城建筑遗产消防安全保护工作,列入文物保护单位的古建筑的消防安全管理优于被当作普通建筑使用的古建筑。根据苏州市建筑遗产消防安全保护的现状,分析建筑遗产耐火等级与防火要求、基础设施与消防需求、现代消防与传统消防保护模式之间存在的不对称,从实现开发利用与消防安全管理制度的平衡、内部消防安全条件与使用功能的平衡、消防基础设施与消防保护需求的平衡等三个方面就建筑遗产开发利用与消防保护进行探析,并以具体实践予以辅证。 相似文献
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城市建筑火灾损失与防火安全水平的评价 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
城市建筑火灾损失的评价旨在对建筑物的各种存在状态和潜在的火灾危害进行一种理论分析和实际评价。对不同类型的建筑物和实际存在的防火安全度,提出了消防安全资金投入比例的一种理论计算方法。通过对几种火灾安全评估模型的分析,确定用表格数值的方法去评价我国现有的建筑防火安全水平,并以此为基础,讨论了城市防火安全评定的有关问题。 相似文献
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The use of advanced computer models for the analysis of evacuation problems in buildings under fire conditions or terrorist attacks has become an increasingly important research area. Until recently, most safety considerations regarding the evacuation of a building are taken on the basis of some deterministic rules prescribed in fire codes. However, these rules and design principles may not be sufficient to explain the complex interaction between a vast numbers of variables affecting the evacuation process. Also, the characteristics of a fire can differ from building to building and occupants can demonstrate distinctly different behavioural patterns and physiological characteristics. As a result, potential weaknesses, particular to the investigated building, can go unnoticed which, in turn, may result in disastrous consequences during an emergency. The study concentrates on two issues: firstly, what methodology should be pursued to accurately model an evacuation problem and the derivation and extent of parameters needed to fully utilise the potentials of the advanced computer models, in this case, the buildingEXODUS; the second issue is an investigation of the evacuation behaviour in a high-rise office building in Istanbul. It is found that exit knowledge and the preferences of occupants can severely slow down the evacuation process. Fires closer to the ground floor increase the death toll significantly. Failure in the activation of the sprinkler system or the absence of the system altogether can have disastrous effects on the loss of life. 相似文献
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作为当前新兴的建筑防火设计方法,性能化消防在体育场馆建筑消防设计中的应用已逐渐受到业界的重视。该文通过国家体育场、国家游泳中心、天津水上中心等三个国内体育建筑工程实例.着重介绍和分析了性能化消防在场馆安全疏散设计中的应用。 相似文献
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作为影响现代建筑安全的一个重要因素,建筑防火性能化评估设计水平的高低直接影响着建筑的消防安全性能。本文对建筑防火性能化评估设计中的若干问题进行了分析,以期能够进一步提高我国的建筑消防安全水平。 相似文献
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室内和室外装修是建筑建设中不可缺少的组成部分,室内装修设计对美观和审美的要求越来越高。但是就装修材料的安全性而言,却忽略了其对建筑防火安全性的考虑。本文对现代家庭住宅的防火要点进行了分析,望广大同行给予指导。 相似文献
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指出建筑火灾性能化评估中火灾场景设定的有关要素,并指出应根据建筑火灾特点及火灾危险性进行分析,依据火灾发生与发展的基本要素以及影响火灾发展过程的各种消防措施和环境条件设定火灾场景。以某影城实际设计为例,通过不同的火灾场景设置,分析其达到安全疏散性能的要求。 相似文献
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W.Z. Black 《Fire Safety Journal》2010,45(6-8):337-348
A differential computer model specifically designed to quantify smoke movement during a fire in a high-rise structure is described. The basic conservation equations are transformed into a computer code which can be used to determine the paths that smoke will take during a fire. The program is a tool for fire protection engineers to design a smoke management plan with the ultimate goal of improving occupant safety in the event of a fire. The computer code is based on a modified and improved differential smoke control model for the conditions in the floor spaces, stairwells and elevator shafts and it considers a complete set of variables that influence the motion of smoke throughout the building. Program output suggests ways to alter the pressure distribution within the building by using air handling equipment, so that occupants will have smoke-free areas on the floors and inside of the fire escape stairwells. Results for several example cases are provided, and the results are used to illustrate how smoke movement can be managed in order to mitigate dangerous conditions within the building. 相似文献
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《Fire Safety Journal》2007,42(6-7):482-488
High strength concrete (HSC), is being increasingly used in a number of building applications, where structural fire safety is one of the major design considerations. Many research studies clearly indicate that the fire performance of HSC is different from that of normal strength concrete (NSC) and that HSC may not exhibit same level of performance (as NSC) in fire. This paper discusses the material, structural and fire characteristics that influence the performance of HSC under fire conditions. Data from earlier experimental and numerical studies is used to illustrate the impact the concrete (material) mix design and structural detailing (design) has on fire performance of HSC systems. An understanding of various factors influencing fire performance will aid in developing appropriate solutions for mitigating spalling and enhancing fire resistance of HSC members. 相似文献
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上海南站钢屋盖结构性能化抗火安全评估 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
上海铁路南站是上海市重要的对外交通枢纽和市内换乘枢纽。由于站台和大厅采用超大空间的建筑布局,超出了国内现有建筑防火设计规范的规定。特别对于南站钢屋盖这样重要的钢结构,国内现有规范方法难以满足抗火安全性与经济性要求。本文基于性能化对南站钢结构屋盖的抗火安全性进行了评估。在评估分析中首先确定结构抗火性能目标,然后对钢屋盖结构在可能最不利火灾下的性能进行分析,最后根据结构的受火性能是否满足抗火性能目标来评估结构的抗火安全性及需要采取的防火保护措施。本文结果被业主和消防主管部门采纳,可供类似工程的结构抗火设计参考。 相似文献
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An electrical analogy of a fire safety system decision tree has been made to assist building designers to attain fire safety
goals in structural design. 相似文献
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对各层中庭开口处未设置防火卷帘的大型商业建筑中庭火灾进行数值模拟,分析其火灾发展过程及烟气蔓延过程,研究该火灾场景下人员疏散的安全性。研究表明:火灾下,烟气通过各层中庭开口处向各楼层内蔓延,并对接近中庭顶部的楼层产生较大影响。但在本文的火灾场景下,人员均能安全疏散。大型商业建筑在各层中庭开口处不设置防火卷帘的设计方法在一定程度上仍然可以保证人员疏散的安全性。 相似文献